Топик на английском Jack London (Джек Лондон). Джек лондон биография на английском языке Джек Лондон биография на английском

Джек Лондон биография на английском языке представлена в этой статье.

Джек Лондон краткая биография на английском

The iconic American novelist, short story writer, journalist and social activist, Jack London is best known for writing Call of the Wild (1903) and White Fang. Jack was born in San Francisco, California on January 12, 1876. It is not known for sure whether his parents Flora Wellman and William Henry Chaney were married. But after Chaney left Flora, she married John London who gave Jack his last name. Flora’s second marriage also gave jack two half sisters, Eliza and Ida. The family moved several times before finally settling in Oakland where Jack completed grade school. Living in a working class family with a low income, Jack was forced to contribute to the family income by selling newspapers at the age of 10.

Despite living in a crude environment, fighting to survive every day, London was an ambitious young man, always enthusiastic about his future. He was very fond of reading and writing. Discovering a library in Oakland, London engrossed himself in the exploration of literature. He labored at various jobs such as working as a cannery and a jute mill, and also worked as a window-washer, watchman, and longshoreman. Also at an early age, London learned to sail and bought himself a sloop from borrowed money and worked as an Oyster Pirate in the Bay. But when his own sloop was robbed, London set off to become a beggar. His days as a tramp gave London a deep insight into class systems and human behavior. London soon realized he wanted a better life for himself and upon returning to California he went to Oakland high school and later entered the University of California at Berkeley. However, he dropped out before finishing due to shortage of finances.

For quite long a time, London had also been busy writing while studying and working. His first story, Typhoon Off the Coast of Japan (1893) was written while he was on the sloop off the coasts of Siberia and Japan. London began taking writing seriously and begun a successful career as a writer. London joined the Socialist Labour Party in 1896. His socialist views are evident in his writings such as The Iron Heel (1908). In 1987 London left for the Klondike during the Gold Rush. He did not find any gold, instead got sick with scurvy. During that painful winter, London wrote To Build a Fire. His writings also made way to significant magazines such as the Overland Monthly and The Atlantic Monthly.

Back in Oakland, London married Bess Maddern on April 7, 1900. The couple had two daughters Joan and Bess. Four years later, London and Bess divorced. London’s second marriage was to Charmian Kittredge. Also in 1900, London’s first book, The Son of the Wolf was published followed by other works; The God of His Fathers (1901), A Daughter of the Snows (1902), The Children of the Frost (1902), The Cruise of the Dazzler (1902) and The People of the Abyss (1903). Around the same time London met Anna Strunsky, who would become a lifelong friend and also his writing partner for The Kempton-Wace Letters (1903).

Some more works to follow during London’s prolific writing career include The Faith of Men (1904), The Sea Wolf (1904), The Game (1905) was followed by War of the Classes(1905), Tales of the Fish-Patrol (1905), Moon Face and Other Stories (1906), Scorn of Women (1906), Before Adam (1907), Love of Life and Other Stories (1907), and The Road(1907). London continued to write productively until his death on November 22, 1916 at his ranch which has now become the Jack London State Historical Park.

Jack London was an American author, journalist, and social activist.

Some of his most famous works include The Call of the Wild and White Fang, both set in the Klondike Gold Rush, as well as the short stories “To Build a Fire”, “An Odyssey of the North”, and “Love of Life”.

Jack London short biography

John Griffith Chaney, better known as Jack London, was born on January 12, 1876 , in San Francisco, California. Jack, as he came to call himself as a boy, was the son of Flora Wellman, an unwed mother, and William Chaney, an attorney, journalist and pioneering leader in the new field of American astrology.

His father was never part of his life, and his mother ended up marrying John London, a Civil War veteran, who moved his new family around the Bay Area before settling in Oakland.

Jack London grew up working-class. He carved out his own hardscrabble life as a teen. He rode trains, pirated oysters, shoveled coal, worked on a sealing ship on the Pacific and found employment in a cannery. In his free time he hunkered down at libraries, soaking up novels and travel books.

First success

His life as a writer essentially began in 1893. That year he had weathered a harrowing sealing voyage, one in which a typhoon had nearly taken out London and his crew. The 17-year-old adventurer had made it home and regaled his mother with his tales of what had happened to him. When she saw an announcement in one of the local papers for a writing contest, she pushed her son to write down and submit his story.

Armed with just an eighth-grade education, London captured the $25 first prize, beating out college students from Berkeley and Stanford.

For London, the contest was an eye-opening experience, and he decided to dedicate his life to writing short stories. But he had trouble finding willing publishers. After trying to make a go of it on the East Coast, he returned to California and briefly enrolled at the University of California at Berkeley, before heading north to Canada to seek at least a small fortune in the gold rush happening in the Yukon.

By the age of 22, however, London still hadn’t put together much of a living. He had once again returned to California and was still determined to carve out a living as a writer. His experience in the Yukon had convinced him he had stories he could tell. In addition, his own poverty and that of the struggling men and women he encountered pushed him to embrace socialism, which he stayed committed to all his life.

In 1899 he began publishing stories in the Overland Monthly. The experience of writing and getting published greatly disciplined London as a writer. From that time forward, London made it a practice to write at least a thousand words a day.

Commercial Success

London found fame and some fortune at the age of 27 with his novel The Call of the Wild (1903), which told the story of a dog that finds its place in the world as a sled dog in the Yukon.

The success did little to soften London’s hard-driving lifestyle. A prolific writer, he published more than 50 books over the last 16 years of his life. The titles included The People of the Abyss (1903), which offered a scathing critique of capitalism; White Fang (1906), a popular tale about a wild wolf dog becoming domesticated; and John Barleycorn (1913), a memoir of sorts that detailed his lifelong battle with alcohol.

He charged forth in other ways, too. He covered the Russo-Japanese War in 1904 for Hearst papers, introduced American readers to Hawaii and the sport of surfing, and frequently lectured about the problems associated with capitalism.

Marriage

In 1900 London married Bess Maddern. The couple had two daughters together, Joan and Bess. By some accounts Bess and London’s relationship was constructed less around love and more around the idea that they could have strong, healthy children together. It’s not surprising, then, that their marriage lasted just a few years. In 1905, following his divorce from Bess, London married Charmian Kittredge, whom he would be with for the rest of his life.

Death

For much of the last decade of his life, London faced a number of health issues. This included kidney disease, which ended up taking his life. He died at his California ranch, which he shared with Kittredge, on November 22, 1916 .

Texts for topics - Мегазбірка тем по английскому языку
GREAT WRITERS OF THE WORLD

MY FAVOURITE WRITER: JACK LONDON (1876-1916)

To begin with I have to admit that i"m fond of reading. I have been doing regular reading since my childhood. I liked to read books about the history of our country, about famous people and adventures. Literature means much in my life. It helps to form the character and the world outlook, to understand better life. Books teach us to be honest, modest, and courageous. They help us to feel compassion for weak people.

Jack London became my favourite writer from his first books i"d read. It was his novel "Martin Iden". First of all I got interested in Jack London as a personality. His life story struck me not less than his works. What a man! He was strong and talented. He lived a life of adventures and hardships. So he knew what he was writing about. In his novel "Martin Iden" he describes his biography. What a hard life he lived!

Jack London was born in San Francisco in 1876. From his childhood he suffered greatly. He changed a lot of jobs: selling out newspapers, working at the factory. He hated that kind of job, which exhausted people and made them suffer physically and morally.

Young Jack had no opportunity to go to school. So he studied privately reading much at night.

When gold was found in Alaska, Jack London joined the gold rush. He returned home without gold but with rich impressions about people with whom he met and made friends. They became the prototypes of his heroes.

That is why it is so interesting to read his novels "The Call of the Wild" and "White Fang". His heroes are bright личностей. They are physically strong and enduring people. They try to find a way out from the most difficult situations. They fight and survive.

The very first story "The Love of Life" caught my fancy. I was struck by the will of a sick man who found himself alone, side by side with a wolf. Both the man and the wolf were sick and weak. And each of them was waiting for the other to grow still weaker and faint. The man won. While reading the story I admired the courage and human spirit of the hero.

The story "Brown Wolf" is not less interesting. It"s about a dog and his devotion to people.

Later I read more novels and stories by Jack London. My fondness of Jack London, the greatest American writer, will stay with me all my life.

VOCABULARY

adventure [əd"ventʃə] - приключение

world outlook ["autluk] - мировоззрение

compassion - сожаление, жалость, сочувствие

hardship ["ha:dʃɪp] - нужда, нищета, нужда

to exhaust [ɪg"zɔ:st] - истощать, исчерпывать; опустошать

to suffer ["sʌfə] - страдать

enduring [ɪn"djuərɪŋ] - выносливый

to survive - выжить, остаться в живых, уцелеть

to faint - слабеть (от голода и т.п.), терять сознание, упасть в обморок

to admire [əd"maɪə] - восхищаться; любоваться

devotion - преданность, верность

QUESTIONS

1. Why are you fond of reading?

2. Why is it necessary to read a lot?

3. What kinds of books do you like to read?

4. What is your favourite book ?

5. Шго is your favourite writer?

6. Do you know many of his/her books?

7. What do his/her books teach you ?

8. Do you know your favourite writer"s biography?

9. Why is he/she so famous?

Мой любимый писатель Джек Лондон (1876-1916)

Прежде всего мне придется признать, что я очень люблю читать. Я постоянно читал с детства. Мне нравилось читать книги об истории нашей страны, о знаменитых людях, а также я любил приключенческую литературу. Литература много значит в моей жизни. Она формирует мой характер и мировоззрение, помогает лучше понять жизнь. Книги учат нас быть честными, скромными и отважными, выражать сочувствие к слабым людям.

Джек Лондон стал моим любимым писателем с первого его романа, который я прочитал. Это было произведение «Мартин иден». Я сразу заинтересовался Джеком Лондоном как личностью. Его жизненная история поразила меня не менее, чем его произведения. Какая прекрасная человек! Он был сильный и талантливый. Его жизнь была полна приключений и тяжелых испытаний. Итак, он знал, о чем пишет. Роман «Мартин Иден» в значительной мере автобиографический. Как тяжела жизнь у него была!

Джек Лондон родился в Сан-Франциско в 1876 году. С детства он испытал немало лишений: сменил много работ, чтобы выжить, продавал газеты, работал на фабрике, - и возненавидел ту работу, которая истощает людей и заставляет их страдать физически и морально.

Мальчик не имел возможности учиться в школе. Следовательно, он учился самостоятельно, много читая ночью.

Когда на Аляске было найдено золото, Джек Лондон присоединился к тем, кого поразила золотая лихорадка. Он вернулся домой без золота, но с богатыми впечатлениями о людях, которых он встретил и с которыми подружился. Они стали прототипами его героев.

Вот почему так интересно читать его романы «Зов предков» и «Белый Клык». Его герои - это яркие лица. Они физически сильные и выносливые люди. Они пытаются найти выход из самых сложных ситуаций. Они борются и выживают.

Самый первый рассказ, который я прочитал, было «Жажда жизни». Я был поражен волей больного мужа, который оказался один рядом с волком. Как мужчина, так и волк были больные и слабые. И каждый из них ждал, что другой станет еще слабее и потеряет сознание. Победу одержала человек. Когда я читал цс рассказ, я восхищался отвагой и человеческим духом героя.

Рассказ «Бурый Волк» не менее интересное. Оно про собаку и его преданность людям.

Позже я читал романы и другие рассказы Джека Лондона. Моя любовь к этому крупнейшего американского писателя останется со мной на всю жизнь.

Джек Лондон. Рассказы этого писателя не нуждаются в рекламе. Джек Лондон — самый любимый в России американский автор., которые вы найдете ниже, я с трудом смогла отобрать среди огромного множества его произведений. Джек Лондон написал более 200 рассказов. И все рассказы интересные. Итак, Вашему вниманию предлагаем читать и слушать лучшие рассказы, которые размещены на английских и американских официальных сайтах и озвучены профессиональными дикторами. Рассказы делятся по уровню сложности. Изучайте английский с Джеком Лондоном!

Jack London is famous all over the world. And he is still the most popular writer in Russia. His stories are about life and death, courage and cowardice, love and treachery. He wrote more than 200 stories. All of them are great, it was difficult to find the most thrilling ones. Enjoy reading

I. Уровень pre-intermediate (читать, слушать, текст адаптирован)

1. Jack London. To build a Fire (in English, adapted, level pre-intermediate)

He travels fastest who travels alone . . . but not after the frost has dropped below zero fifty degrees or more.

The man walked down the trail on a cold, gray day. Pure white snow and ice covered the Earth for as far as he could see. This was his first winter in Alaska. He was wearing heavy clothes and fur boots. But he still felt cold and uncomfortable.

The man was on his way to a camp near Henderson Creek (ручей Гендерсона). His friends were already there. He expected to reach Henderson Creek by six o’clock that evening. It would be dark by then. His friends would have a fire and hot food ready for him.

2. The Story of Keesh (in English, adapted, level pre-intermediate )

Keesh lived at the edge of the polar sea. He had seen thirteen suns in the Eskimo way of keeping time. Among the Eskimos, the sun each winter leaves the land in darkness. And the next year, a new sun returns, so it might be warm again.

The father of Keesh had been a brave man. But he had died hunting for food. Keesh was his only son. Keesh lived along with his mother, Ikeega.

One night, the village council met in the big igloo of Klosh-kwan, the chief. Keesh was there with the others. He listened, then waited for silence.

The story «Keesh» (read and listen online)

3. The Law of Life (in English, adapted, level pre-intermediate)

The old Indian was sitting in the snow. It was Koskoosh, former chief of his tribe. Now, all he could do was sit and listen to the others. His eyes were old. He could not see, but his ears were wide open to every sound.

“Aha.” That was the sound of his daughter, Sit-cum-to-ha. She was beating the dogs, trying to make them stand in front of the snow sleds. He was forgotten by her, and by the others, too. They had to look for new hunting grounds. The long, snowy ride waited. The days of the northlands were growing short. The tribe could not wait for death. Koskoosh was dying.

4. The Apostate (in English, adapted, level pre-intermediate)

«If you don’t get up, Johnny, I won’t give you to eat!»

The boy didn’t move and his mother shook him by the shoulder. She was a sad tired woman, and every morning she came and tried to pull the bed-clothes off the boy but he held them tight.

«Leave me alone!» he protested. But she continued waking him up. When he felt the cold of the room, his eyes opened. And he gave up.

«All right,» he said.

She took the lamp and left him in darkness. He did not mind the darkness. He put on his clothes and went out into the kitchen, pulled a chair to the table and sat down.

5. The God of His Fathers (in English, adapted, level pre-intermediate )

Jack London (12.01.1876 - 22.11.1916) - American writer.

John Griffith "Jack" London was born on 12 January 1876 in San Francisco. His mother, Flora Wellman, lived in Ohio but then moved to San Francisco where she worked as a music teacher. It also known that she was interested in spiritualism. Some biographers suppose that Jack London’s father was William Chaney who lived with Flora Wellman in San Francisco. It is not known if Flora and William were legally married. The house where Jack London spent his childhood was destroyed after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.

In 1885 London read Ouida"s long Victorian novel Signa. Jack London maintained that this book was the beginning of his literary career. In 1886 he became acquainted with Ina Coolbrith who was a librarian in the Oakland Public Library. She encouraged London’s learning.

In 1889 he started working at Hickmott’s Cannery. His working day lasted 12 to 18 hours. Afterwards Jack London bought the sloop Razzle-Dazzle and became an oyster pirate. After a while he came to Oakland and entered Oakland High School where he started writing articles for the school’s magazine, The Aegis. The first work of London was “Typhoon off the Coast of Japan” in which he described his sailing experiences.

In 1896 Jack London entered the University of California, Berkeley but because of financial difficulties he left the university in a year. Jack London spent a lot of time at Heinold’s saloon where he met Alexander McLean. He was a cruel captain whom the character Wolf Larsen in London’s novel is based.

At the age of 21 Jack London joined the Klondike Gold Rush. This period of life was a basis for some of his popular stories but his health declined there. As a result London had the scurvy. All the events in the Klondike were an incitement for him to write a short story “To Build a Fire” which is considered one of his best.

From 1898 Jack London started working intentionally to publish his writings. The first published work was “To the Man on Trail”. When London began his literary career the new printing technologies appeared. Consequently popular magazines became available for many people and in 1900 he could earn $2,500. In 1903 The Saturday Evening Post bought London’s work The call of the Wild for $750. In addition to that he sold the book rights to Macmillan for $2,000 and as a result London achieved a swift success. When London lived in Oakland he became acquainted with poet George Sterling who became his best friend. Sterling was described in London’s autobiographical novel Martin Eden as Russ Brissenden.

Jack London’s first marriage was in 1900. He married Elizabeth “Bessie” Maddern with whom he had two children: Joan and Bessie (later called Becky). But they divorced and London married Charmian Kittredge in 1905. They didn’t have children because the first child died at birth and the second pregnancy ended in a miscarriage.

Jack London died November 22, 1916. There are a lot of different suppositions about London’s death. Some people consider that he could commit a suicide but his death certificate gives the cause as uremia. His ashes were interred in Jack London State Historic Park, in Glen Ellen, California.