Pryanishnikov D.N. Dmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov: biography to the People's Commissar of Agriculture t

Among those who supported genetics were not only geneticists themselves, but also scientists from other specialties. The activities of Academician Dmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov 7-30 played an exceptional role in those years. His negative attitude towards any form of dogmatism is well known, his constant struggle with another “reformer” of agronomic science of the Stalin years, who distorted soil science and introduced the grass-field system into the practice of Soviet agriculture - V.R. Williams.

The civil valor of D.N., which surprised many. Pryanishnikov and, of course, his personal enormous contribution to science, which contributed to the creation of a new field - agricultural chemistry, earned Dmitry Nikolaevich respect, which few people received among Soviet biologists, although it did not bring him countless government awards or high administrative positions. All his life he followed the motto: “You must approach science with clean hands.” Moral purity for him meant not just non-participation in processes taking place before your eyes, not Olympic impartiality, but active involvement in the struggle for purity in the scientific field.

In March 1937, the new director of VIUA, I.I. Usachev, spoke at a meeting of the VASKhNIL activists, accusing another group of Pryanishnikov’s students of Trotskyism. A report on this asset was published in the "Bulletin of VASKHNIL" (7_257). During these days, the deputy director of the institute, Sergei Semenovich Sigarkin, and Professor Dikusar were arrested. They were close to Dmitry Nikolaevich, and everyone, naturally, understood that it might soon be his turn. Not without a hint, A. Nurinov wrote about this in an article on the mistakes of the Pryanishnikov Institute in the newspaper “Sotsemledelie”: “the criminal actions of the enemies of the people of Zaporozhets, Ustyantsev, Stanchinsky, Khodorov and others are known to everyone” (7_258).

D.N. Pryanishnikov sends a telegram from Samarkand to Moscow in which he presents the works of N.I. Vavilov [then in prison - B.C.] for the State (Stalin) Prize, thereby expressing not only his attitude towards these works, but also his opinion about the “subversive activities” of Nikolai Ivanovich" (7_276). It is difficult to give up the belief that Only Pryanishnikov's openly uncompromising position saved him from arrest in the days of persecution in 1937. By boldly challenging the politicking supporters of Williams and Lysenko, he saved himself from reprisals. It is characteristic that at the same time a similar plenum was held in the section of fruit and vegetable crops of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. And about him in those The newspaper “Sotsemledelie” recounted the same words in a note signed just as mysteriously with the cryptogram “I.D.”:

“Professor Comrade Schitt’s behavior is puzzling. Instead of listening to criticism and drawing conclusions for himself, he took it as an insult” (7_277). Peter Genrikhovich Schitt, the greatest theorist of fruit growing and chairman of the Plenum of fruit growing, was not able to protect himself from repression.

The constant critical reviews of D.N. were also sharp. Pryanishnikov about the works of Lysenko and the Lysenkoists. Thus, in 1944, when Lysenko already reigned supreme in biology, Pryanishnikov sent a memo to the leadership of the USSR Academy of Sciences about errors contained in the draft annual report of the Academy in the biology section:

“In the draft note sent to me for review, I find a number of inaccuracies (in the department of genetics), which, in my opinion, should be eliminated in the name of maintaining the dignity of the USSR Academy of Sciences. First of all, the extreme contradiction of individual parts is striking. Thus, on pp. 54-55 metaphysical pointless reasoning is presented, reminiscent of some kind of return almost to the era of phlogiston.At the same time, a number of incorrect statements are given (without the reservation that such and such authors are responsible for them), to which it is impossible for the Department of [Biological Sciences] to subscribe - V.S.], (and behind him the Academy as a whole). This is a completely embarrassing thesis, which says that heredity means “the property of a living body to require certain conditions for its development and life” - there is nothing to do with heredity here. Also It is incorrect to say that “the Michurin school of thought in genetics is represented by Acad. Lysenko" - in fact, there is nothing in common in the attitudes of Michurin and Lysenko. Michurin is first of all a hybridizer, and if he talks about the education of an individual (a perennial tree), then this is quite rational, and Lysenko thinks that by “nurturing” annual plants new ones are created forms that inherit their characteristics in subsequent generations.Michurin was basically a Darwinist, and Lysenko was not even a Lamarckist, since Lamarck was not, after all, a vitalist, which Academician Lysenko is.

The main thing is that there is no new direction in genetics of Acad. Lysenko does not and cannot imagine, since he is not a geneticist at all. This can be seen from the following circumstances:

1) The published report of the Academy of Sciences shows that at the Institute of Genetics, Acad. Lysenko does not carry out any genetic work; these are either elementary issues of agricultural technology, common for every experimental field of the NKZ, or questions of physiology (removing dormancy, etc.).

2) The book “Heredity and Its Variability” does not contain any new ideas, the definitions are strikingly empty (“unwinding and twisting” 7-34), it is full of errors against elementary natural science, the law of the constancy of matter established by Lavoisier is denied, it makes the statement that not only every drop of plasma (without a nucleus), but every atom and molecule reproduces itself.

3) In his last speeches (for example, in the People's Commissariat for Food Industry) academician. Lysenko himself no longer calls himself a geneticist, but an agrobiologist, i.e., a representative of elementary, undifferentiated experimentalism, which does not use any scientific methodology, including the correct method of field experiment, since the lack of repetition deprives field experience of any evidence.

THEREFORE we cannot talk about TWO directions in genetics; there is a single scientific school, materialistic and larwinistic. and there are people who should take at least an elementary course in botany, physics and chemistry, so as not to return to the era of phlogiston, that is, the time not only preceding Lavoisier, but also Bacon...

Since the appearance abroad of such a book as “Heredity and Its Variability” would undermine the reputation of Soviet science, measures should be taken to ensure that this book does not get abroad, and henceforth the works of this author, claiming to be innovations in the field of genetics, would be passed through a competent editorial commission.

In addition to these comments, I consider it necessary to draw attention to the title of page 53: “Vegetative hybridization of plants.” To me, this combination of mutually exclusive concepts sounds the same as “hot ice” or “dry water.” No reference to the “general acceptance” of this expression is convincing, since hybrids are the product of the sexual process, and vegetative reproduction is a way of asexual reproduction; if real (and not imaginary) changes in forms under the influence of vaccinations are detected, then these will be either phenotypic changes or mutations (if the phenomenon turns out to be hereditary), and not hybrids. No references to authorities will HELP here, since once a logical error is discovered, it should not be hushed up, regardless of who introduced this error: the Academy of Sciences should not put its stamp on incorrect terminology. Apart from these remarks, which I consider it my duty to make for the sake of preserving the dignity of the Academy of Sciences, I have one proposal for the department of biochemistry, which I would consider an important topic of research into the mechanism of nitrogen fixation by microorganisms, which occurs at low temperatures and in an almost neutral environment (as opposed to ammonia synthesis in technology). This question is of great theoretical interest 7_281).

He sent letters to various authorities regarding Lysenko's specific mistakes, and thereby contributed to debunking the myth about the great contribution of Lysenko and his followers to biological science in general, and to agricultural production in particular.

For example, after Trofim Lysenko published the article “On Heredity and Its Variability” in 1943 (7_282), Dmitry Nikolaevich sent a telegram to the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences demanding that they consider the issue of excluding the author of this uniquely illiterate work from among the academicians.

The position of Pryanishnikov, Konstantinov, Koltsov, Lisitsyn and other biologists, who soberly assessed Lysenko’s work, undoubtedly played an important role in the exposure of supporters of anti-scientific views that followed a quarter of a century later.

Dmitry NikolaevichPryanishnikov(October 25, 1865, village of Kyakhta, Transbaikal region Russian Empire(now the Republic of Buryatia) – April 30, 1948) - agricultural chemist, founder of the agrochemical school, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Stalin and Lenin Prizes.

D.N. Pryanishnikov: biographical information

Born into a family of an accountant. In 1882 he graduated from the Irkutsk gymnasium with a gold medal. He continued his education at Moscow University in the natural sciences department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. Having completed his studies at the university in 1887 with a candidate's degree in natural sciences, he entered the third year of the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy. According to K.A. Timiryazev and I.A. Stebut, the Council of the Petrovsky Academy approved him through a competition for three years as a scholarship student with the highest salary to prepare for an academic title. In 1889 he graduated from the academy (now the Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev) with the title of Candidate of Agricultural Sciences. In 1891 he passed the master's exam at Moscow University.

In 1892, as a private assistant professor, he began teaching a course on agronomic chemistry at Moscow University (which continued until 1929).

In 1895 he received the department of agrochemistry at the Moscow Agricultural Institute (later transformed into the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy, then into the Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev), began teaching courses “The Doctrine of Fertilizer” and “Private Agriculture”. Worked here until 1948 For the first time in history higher education in Russia he attracted a large number of students to scientific work, introducing vegetation experiments into practical classes.

In 1896 he defended his master's thesis on the topic “On the breakdown of protein substances during germination” at Moscow State University. The opponent was K.A. Timiryazev, who highly appreciated this dissertation.

In 1900 he defended his doctoral dissertation at Moscow State University on the topic “Protein substances and their breakdown in connection with respiration and assimilation.”

In 1907 he participated in the organization of the Higher Women's Agricultural Courses in Moscow (the so-called “Golitsinskiy”), was elected their director for 9 years (from 1909 to 1917), and gave lectures on agrochemistry and plant physiology.

In 1908 he was elected deputy director for academic affairs at the Moscow Agricultural Institute (at his main place of work). While in this position until 1913, he reorganized the institute: he introduced specialization, theses and exams similar to master's. In 1908–1909 and 1916–1917 he served as director (rector) of MSI. In 1920–1925 he was the dean of the agricultural department of the Petrovsky Academy, which trained specialists in agriculture, livestock and economics.

In 1913 he was elected a corresponding member, in 1929 - a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in 1936 - an academician of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. He was a full and honorary member of many foreign academies and scientific societies.

Scientific and social activities

The scientist's main works are devoted to agrochemistry. Developed the scientific basis for soil phosphorite treatment. He gave physiological characteristics of domestic potassium salts and tested various types of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in the main agricultural regions of the USSR. He worked on the issues of liming acidic soils, gypsuming of solonetzes, and the use of organic fertilizers. Improved methods for studying plant nutrition, analyzing plants and soils, and growing season experiments.

D.N. Pryanishnikov went on business trips abroad to study experience in the production and use of fertilizers, conduct scientific research and agricultural education. Repeatedly made presentations at International Congresses, representing Russian and Soviet science abroad.

In 1921–1929, Dmitry Nikolaevich actively participated in the work of the State Scientific Council (GUS) of the People's Commissariat for Education, the Food Institute, and the Central Institute of the Sugar Industry (CINS).

He is the founder and director of the Scientific Institute for Fertilizers (since 1948 - the All-Russian Research Institute of Fertilizers and Agricultural Soil Science named after D.N. Pryanishnikov), a member of the State Planning Committee of the USSR (1920–1925) and the Chemicalization Committee National economy (1928–1936).

He was a member of the editorial board of the journal “Soil Science” in 1929–1936, the journal “Fertilizer and Harvest” in 1930, the journal “Chemization of Socialist Agriculture” and Soil Science in 1934–1948

Awards and titles

In 1945, he received the title of Hero of Socialist Labor and was awarded the Hammer and Sickle gold medal and the Order of Lenin for outstanding services in the development of agrochemistry and plant physiology, fruitful work in increasing productivity and for the creation of a domestic school of agrochemists.

D.N. Pryanishnikov is a laureate of the Stalin Prize (1941), the V.I. Lenin (1926), Prize named after. K.A. Timiryazev (1945). Awarded orders: named after V.I. Lenin (1940, 1945), Red Banner of Labor (1936, 1944, 1945), Order Patriotic War I degree (1945), as well as medals: Great Gold Medal of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition (1939).

Memory

In 1948, by a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, a prize named after Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov, which, by decision of the Academic Council of the TSHA, is awarded annually for the best work in agrochemistry, production and use of fertilizers. In 1962, a gold medal was established. D.N. Pryanishnikov, awarded every three years by the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the best work in the field of plant nutrition and the use of fertilizers.

Name of academician D.N. Pryanishnikov was assigned to the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Fertilizers and Agricultural Soil Science of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Perm Agricultural Institute. Since 1950, annual Pryanishnikov readings have been held in Moscow.

Essays

1. Protein substances. general chemistry protein substances. L., 1926, 168 p.
2. Selected works. T. 1–3. M., 1965.
3. Popular agrochemistry, M., 1965.
4. The doctrine of fertilizer: A course of lectures. M., 1900.
5. Plant chemistry. Vol. 1–2. M., 1907–1914.

In 1934, “Agrochemistry” was published (during the author’s lifetime it went through four editions, translated into Ukrainian, Georgian, Armenian, Azerbaijani and Bulgarian), students are still taught from this textbook.

Sources and literature

1. Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov: Sat. on the occasion of his 80th birthday. M., 1948.
2. D.N. Pryanishnikov and issues of chemicalization of agriculture. M., 1967.
3. Dmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov. M., 1972.
4. Irkutsk: Historical and local history dictionary. Irkutsk, 2011.
5. In memory of academician D.N. Pryanishnikova. M.-L., 1950.
6. Petersburgsky A.V. D.N. Pryanishnikov and his school. [M.], 1962.

Links

1. Heroes of the country: http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=9704.
2. Megaencyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius: http://www.megabook.ru/Article.asp?AID=665272.
3. Page D.N. Pryanishnikov on the website of the Faculty of Chemistry of Moscow State University: http://www.chem.msu.su/rus/history/acad/pryanishnikov.html.
4. Page D.N. Pryanishnikova:

Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1929), VASKhNIL (1935) and the French Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor, founder and director of the Scientific Institute for Fertilizers (since 1948, the All-Russian Research Institute of Fertilizers and Agricultural Soil Science named after D. N. Pryanishnikov), member of the USSR State Planning Committee and the Committee for chemicalization of the national economy.

Biography

Born on November 9 (October 25, old style) 1865 in the trading settlement of Kyakhta, Transbaikal region (now a city in the Republic of Buryatia as part of Russian Federation). Russian.

Graduated from the Irkutsk gymnasium. Then - the natural sciences department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow University (1887) and the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy (1889; now the Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev). Timiryazev's student and successor. From 1895 until the end of his life - head of the department of agrochemistry at the Moscow Agricultural Academy. Privat-docent of Moscow University (1891-1917). Doctor of Science (1910).

Developed the scientific basis for soil phosphorite treatment. He gave physiological characteristics of domestic potassium salts and tested various types of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in the main agricultural regions of the USSR. He worked on the issues of liming acidic soils, gypsuming of solonetzes, and the use of organic fertilizers. Improved methods for studying plant nutrition, analyzing plants and soils, and growing season experiments.

Lived and worked in Moscow.

Awards

• Hero of Socialist Labor (1945).
• Awarded two Orders of Lenin (1940, 1945), three Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (1936, 1944, 1945), Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (1945), and medals.
• Stalin Prize of the USSR (1941).
• Prize named after V. I. Lenin (1926).
• Prizes named after K.A. Timiryazev USSR Academy of Sciences (1945).

Memory

• In Moscow, a monument to D.N. Pryanishnikov was erected in front of the Moscow Agricultural Academy. K. A. Timiryazeva. Sculptors G. A. Shultz and O. V. Kvinikhidze, architects G. G. Lebedev and V. A. Petrov.
• A street in Moscow bears his name.
• The name of Academician Pryanishnikov was assigned to the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Fertilizers and Agricultural Soil Science Russian Academy agricultural sciences and the Perm Agricultural Institute.
• Since 1948, the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (now the Russian Federation) has awarded the Prize named after Academician D.N. for the best work on agrochemistry, production and use of fertilizers. Pryanishnikova.
• In 1996, the Russian Academy of Sciences established the D. N. Pryanishnikov Prize.
• Since 1950, annual Pryanishnikov readings have been held in Moscow.
• In 1962, a “USSR Post” stamp was issued in honor of Pryanishnikov.

Monument to D. N. Pryanishnikov in

Dmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov(October 25 (November 6) 1865 - April 30, 1948) - Russian agrochemist, biochemist and plant physiologist, founder of the Soviet scientific school in agronomic chemistry. Hero of Socialist Labor (1945).

Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1929) and VASKhNIL (1936), corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences, founder and director of the Scientific Institute for Fertilizers (since 1948, the All-Russian Research Institute of Fertilizers and Agricultural Soil Science named after D. N. Pryanishnikov), member of the USSR State Planning Committee and the Committee for chemicalization of the national economy.

Biography

Born on October 25 (November 6), 1865 in the trading settlement of Kyakhta, Transbaikal region. He lost his father early and was raised by his mother, a simple Russian woman who received only elementary education.

In 1883 he graduated from the Irkutsk gymnasium, then from the natural sciences department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow University (1887). Here, Professor V.V. Markovnikov, a specialist in organic chemistry, and invited him to stay at the Department of Organic Chemistry after graduation to prepare for scientific activity. But the young scientist decided otherwise and entered the third year of the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy (now the Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev). After graduating from the academy in 1889, he was left there to teach. Student of K. A. Timiryazev, V. V. Markovnikov, A. G. Stoletov, I. N. Gorozhankin and others.

In 1892, as a young scientist, he was sent by the academy for two years to Germany, France and Switzerland for research in the field of transformation of protein and other nitrogenous substances in plants. His work in this area received international recognition and placed him among the most prominent biochemists and plant physiologists of that time.

From 1895 until the end of his life, he was the head of the department of agrochemistry at the Moscow Agricultural Institute (in 1916-1917 he was rector), taught courses on “The Study of Fertilizer” and “Private Agriculture”. At the same time, in 1891-1931, he taught courses in agronomic chemistry and plant chemistry at Moscow University in the department of agronomic chemistry. In 1896 he defended his master’s thesis “On the breakdown of protein substances during germination”, and in 1900 at Moscow University he defended his doctoral thesis “Protein substances and their breakdown in connection with respiration and assimilation”. Privat-docent of Moscow University (1891-1917).

D. N. Pryanishnikov was engaged not only in theoretical research, he was interested in the practical results of their application. Therefore, during laboratory experiments on the transformation of nitrogenous substances in plants, he experimented with the use of nitrogenous substances to improve the growth and development of plants and, thus, came up with the idea of ​​​​using nitrogen fertilizers. This discovery was made at the intersection of organic chemistry, biochemistry and plant physiology, as well as agrochemistry, thanks to the multifaceted education that D. N. Pryanishnikov received.

In 1900-1915 he developed the scientific basis for the use of mineral fertilizers. Having studied the mechanisms of plant assimilation of “ammonia and nitrate nitrogen” (that is, nitrogen found in different types chemical compounds), published practical recommendations on the use of nitrate and ammonia fertilizers. He conducted a series of agrochemical experiments on the use of finely ground phosphorites instead of and together with superphosphate and studied the dependence of the results on soil acidity, which allowed him to scientifically substantiate the use and processing of phosphorites: in particular, the method of producing combined fertilizers containing both nitrogen and phosphorus using nitric acid, which has been used in industry since the mid-1950s.

After the October Revolution he continued his work in Soviet Russia.

In the field of agronomy, he also conducted experiments on cultivating plants in various conditions, on various soils, using various agronomic techniques and mineral fertilizers. Their results helped to substantiate the plan for the development and location of the fertilizer industry in Russia. In 1917-1919, on his initiative, it was created Scientific Institute on fertilizers, in which D.N. Pryanishnikov headed the agronomic department, and then worked for several years as director of the institute. The Institute specialized in systematic research into the technology of obtaining various types of fertilizers from natural raw materials and developing the technology of these processes, as well as chemical and biochemical issues: the degree of absorption of certain fertilizers by plants, their effectiveness, methods of use for various crops and on various soils.

D. N. Pryanishnikov is an outstanding agrochemist, biochemist and plant physiologist. A native of the Irkutsk province (now Buryatia), D.N. Pryanishnikov lost his father early and owed his upbringing to his mother, a simple Russian woman who received only a primary education. After graduating from high school in 1883, he entered the natural sciences department of Moscow University, where he was a capable student who worked hard in chemical laboratory, noted Professor V.V. Markovnikov. After graduating from the university (1887), D. Pryanishnikov was offered to stay at the Department of Organic Chemistry to prepare for scientific activity. However, he decided differently - he entered the third year of the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy (from 1923 - Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, TSHA), which he graduated in 1889 and was left there to teach. In 1892, the Academy sent him abroad for 2 years (Germany, France, Switzerland), where he conducted research in the field of transformation of protein and other nitrogenous substances in plants. These works soon received international recognition and placed the young scientist among the most prominent biochemists and plant physiologists. Since 1895, Pryanishnikov headed the department at the Petrovsky Academy (in 1916-17 he was rector), taught courses “The Doctrine of Fertilizer” and “Private Agriculture”. At the same time (1891-1931) he taught a course in agronomic chemistry at Moscow University (at the department of the same name), as well as a course in plant chemistry. In 1896 he defended his master's thesis (“On the disintegration of protein substances during germination”), and in 1900 at Moscow University he defended his doctoral dissertation (“Protein substances and their disintegration in connection with respiration and assimilation”).
The scientist sought not only theoretical results - he wanted to apply them in practice. Therefore, laboratory experiments on the transformation of nitrogenous substances in plants logically led him to practical thoughts about the use of nitrogenous substances to improve the growth and development of plants - to thoughts about the use of nitrogen fertilizers.
Having received excellent chemical training from the luminary of organic chemistry of that time - V.V. Markovnikov, and also having basic knowledge in the field of biochemistry and physiology of plants, agrochemistry (Petrovsky Academy), Pryanishnikov was that unique type of scientist who was able to work at the intersection of sciences – in areas with the highest growth rates.
The most subtle physiological studies of the transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus in plants, carried out by Pryanishnikov in the first decade and a half of the twentieth century, made it possible to take a new approach to the problem of using mineral fertilizers. He found out what is the mechanism for the absorption of “ammonium and nitrate nitrogen” by plants (i.e., nitrogen found in different types of chemical compounds), and these conclusions formed the basis practical recommendations about when and how to apply nitrate and ammonia fertilizers. Agrochemical experiments on the use of finely ground phosphorites instead (or together) with superphosphate and the dependence of the results on soil acidity (which at that time - at the beginning of the twentieth century - was just beginning to be studied) made it possible to substantiate a number of valuable proposals for the use and processing of phosphorites (in in particular, with the help of nitric acid - to obtain combined fertilizers containing both nitrogen and phosphorus; fertilizers began to be produced in this way from the mid-50s).
The scientist’s agronomic work was also on a large scale. He conducted experiments on cultivating plants in various conditions, on various soils, using various agronomic techniques and mineral fertilizers. In addition to specific practical results, which later became the ABC of domestic agronomy, the results of these experiments served as the basis for the plan for the development and location of the fertilizer industry. In addition, in 1917-19. On the initiative of Pryanishnikov, the Scientific Institute for Fertilizers was created, the scientist headed its agronomic department (for a number of years he was also the director of the institute). It launched systematic research of both a technological nature (obtaining various types of fertilizers from natural raw materials and developing technology for these processes) and a purely chemical and biochemical plan (the absorption of certain fertilizers by plants, their effectiveness, methods of use for various crops and on various soils).
Being an encyclopedically educated person, Pryanishnikov understood well and was much interested in economic issues Agriculture and industry. From his frequent trips abroad (he went there for scientific and educational purposes more than 25 times), he learned a lot of new things and tried to usefully, but without blindly copying, apply this at home, in his research. Wherever he was abroad, no matter what agricultural institution or just a peasant farm he became acquainted with, he immediately “reproduced” his impressions in graphs and figures: how much land is there per inhabitant, products per eater, crop per hectare, what is the selling price per pood, grain duty, outflow of labor to the city, etc. The habit of such calculations made his research and proposals seriously justified and reasoned. In 1920-25 was a member of the State Planning Committee of the USSR, in 1925-29 he worked in the Committee for Chemicalization of the National Economy.
For your scientific works received the Lenin (1926) and State (1941) prizes. In 1913 he was elected a corresponding member, in 1929 - a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in 1936 - an academician of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. D.N. Pryanishnikov was a full and honorary member of many foreign academies and scientific societies, a holder of a number of orders and medals, a Hero of Socialist Labor (1945) - for his services in the development of agrochemistry and for the creation of a school of Russian agrochemists.
Since 1948, the All-Russian Research Institute of Fertilizers and Agricultural Soil Science has been named after D.N. Pryanishnikov.
Main works:
Pryanishnikov D.N. The doctrine of fertilizer. Lecture course. M., 1900.
Pryanishnikov D.N. Plant chemistry. Vol. 1-2. M., 1907-1914.
Pryanishnikov D.N. Protein substances. General chemistry of proteins. L., 1926, 168 p.
Pryanishnikov D.N. Agrochemistry. (Textbook). M.; L.: Selkhozizdat, 1934, 399 p.
Bibliography about D.N. Pryanishnikov:
Maksimov N.A., Verzilov V.F., Epifanova A.P. Dmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov (Materials for the biobibliography of scientists of the USSR). M.-L.: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1948. 81 p.
Kedrov-Zikhman O.K. Life and work of academician D.N. Pryanishnikov // Uspekhi chemistry, 1939, vol. 8, issue. 1, p. 1-10.
Academician Dmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov, Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Stalin Prize / Sat. edited by Academician V.S. Nemchinov. M.: Publishing house TSKhA, 1948, 264 p.
D.N. Pryanishnikov. Life and activity. M.: Nauka, 1972. 271 p.
Pisarzhevsky O.N. Pryanishnikov (1865-1948). M., 1963.
T.V. Bogatova