Brief information about Krylov. Ivan Krylov short biography

Krylov Ivan Andreevich (1769 - 1844) - Russian publicist, poet, fabulist, publisher of satirical and educational magazines. Biography of Krylov nothing special, although, like great people, it has its own interesting nuances.

Brief biography of Krylov

Having lived 75 years, Ivan Krylov gained worldwide fame as the author of 236 fables. Many quotes from his fables have become catchphrases. But first things first.

Childhood and youth

Krylov was born on February 13, 1769 in Moscow, in the family of a retired army officer. He served as a minor official in the treasury chamber. He never received a proper education, although he was constantly engaged in self-education, studying literature and mathematics, French and Italian. In 1777–1790 a young official tries his hand at the dramatic field.

In 1789, Krylov published the magazine “Mail of Spirits”, in which he published satirical messages exposing the abuses of government officials.

In 1792, Krylov retired, published the satirical magazine “Spectator” in the printing house he bought, and in the same year his story “Kaib” was published. Engaged in political satire, Krylov continues the work of N.I. Novikova.

However, his work displeased Catherine II, Krylov had to leave St. Petersburg for a while and live in Moscow, and then in Riga.

The formation of the future fabulist

In 1805, Krylov translated two fables by the French fabulist La Fontaine. This began his activity as the most famous Russian fabulist. He continued to engage in this work until the end of his days, despite the considerable success in drama of his works such as “Fashion Shop”, “Lesson for Daughters” and “Pie”.

Portrait of Krylov

In 1809, the first book of fables of his own composition was published. It was then that real fame came to him for the first time.

Krylov’s biography included many honors. He was a respected member of the “Conversation of Lovers of Russian Literature” from its very foundation.

In 1811 he was elected a member of the Russian Academy, and on January 14, 1823 he received a gold medal from it for literary merits. When the Russian Academy was transformed into the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences (1841), he was approved as an ordinary academician.

In 1812–1841 He served as assistant librarian at the Imperial Public Library for almost thirty years. In general, Krylov’s biography is notable for the books that he passionately loved.

From a human point of view, it should be emphasized that Krylov was a very well-fed man, he loved to eat a lot and sleep a lot. However, he loved the Russian people even more.

Driving around the vast expanses of his homeland, he wrote wonderful fables, noticing the subtlest features of human behavior.

Death and folk memory

Ivan Andreevich Krylov died on November 9, 1844. He was buried on November 13, 1844 at the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Anecdotes about his amazing appetite, slovenliness, laziness, love of fires (the fabulist was unusually attracted to fires), amazing willpower, wit and popularity are still known.

We hope that a short biography of Krylov will help you understand the main points of the life of the great Russian writer.

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Ivan Andreevich Krylov is a Russian writer, fabulist, and playwright. Krylov's biography will be described in this article. We will talk not only about the writer’s life, but also about his work. You will learn that Ivan Andreevich Krylov is not only the creator of fables. He also wrote other works. Read more about this below.

The childhood years of the future writer

Krylov's biography begins as follows. The future writer was born in Moscow. Of course, readers would also be interested to know about the time of birth of such a person as Ivan Krylov. "When was he born?" - you ask. We answer: Ivan Andreevich was born in 1769, February 2 (13).

The future writer studied unsystematically and little. When Andrei Prokhorovich, his father, who served as a minor official in Tver, died, Ivan Andreevich was ten years old. Ivan’s parent “didn’t study science,” but he loved to read and instilled his love in his son. The boy's father himself taught him to write and read, and also left a chest of books as an inheritance to his son. See the portrait of Ivan Andreevich Krylov below.

Life with Nikolai Alexandrovich Lvov

Krylov received further education under the patronage of Nikolai Alexandrovich Lvov, a writer who became acquainted with the poems of the young poet. In his childhood, the author we are interested in spent a lot of time in Lvov’s house, located in the same city where Ivan Andreevich Krylov was born (that is, in Moscow). He studied with this man’s children and also listened to the conversations of artists and writers who visited Nikolai Alexandrovich. Subsequently, the shortcomings of such fragmentary education affected. Krylov, for example, was always weak in spelling, but over the years acquired a fairly broad outlook and solid knowledge, learned to speak Italian and play the violin.

Service of Ivan Andreevich

Ivan Andreevich was enrolled in the lower zemstvo court for service, although this was only a formality. Krylov never or almost never went to the presence, and did not receive money. At the age of 14, he moved to St. Petersburg, where Ivan Andreevich Krylov lived for some time after his mother went there to seek a pension. The future writer transferred to the St. Petersburg State Chamber to serve. But he was not very interested in his official affairs.

Krylov's first plays

Among Ivan Andreevich’s hobbies, literary studies and visiting the theater came first. These passions did not change even after he lost his mother at the age of 17 and was forced to take care of his younger brother. Krylov wrote a lot for the theater in the 80s. He created librettos for such comic operas as “The Mad Family” and “The Coffee House,” as well as tragedies “Philomela” and “Cleopatra,” and a comedy called “The Writer in the Hallway.” These works did not bring fame or money to the young author, but they helped him enter the circle of writers in St. Petersburg. Krylov was patronized by Ya. B. Knyazhnin, a famous playwright, but a proud young man, deciding that he was being mocked in the “master’s” house, broke up with his friend. He wrote a comedy called "The Pranksters" - a work in which the main characters, Tarator and Rhymerstealer, strongly resembled the Prince and his wife. This was already a more mature creation than the previous plays, but the production of this comedy was prohibited. Ivan Andreevich's relationship with the theater management, which decided the fate of dramatic works, deteriorated.

Activities of Ivan Andreevich in the field of journalism

Since the late 80s, this author’s main activity has been in the field of journalism. For 8 months in 1789, Ivan Andreevich published a magazine called "Mail of Spirits." The satirical orientation, which appeared already in early work, was preserved here, but was somewhat transformed. Krylov painted a caricature depicting modern society. He framed his story in the form of correspondence between the wizard Malikulmulk and the dwarves. This publication was closed because the magazine had very few subscribers - only 80. Judging by the fact that Spirit Mail was republished in 1802, its appearance did not go unnoticed by the reading public.

Magazine "Spectator"

In 1790, Krylov’s biography was marked by the fact that Ivan Andreevich retired, deciding to focus on literary activity. The writer acquired a printing house in January 1792 and, together with Klushin, his friend, also a writer, began publishing a magazine called “The Spectator,” which was already enjoying some popularity.

The greatest success for the “spectator” was brought to him by the works written by Krylov himself: “Kaib”, “Thoughts of a Philosopher on Fashion”, “Speech Spoken by a Rake in a Assembly of Fools”, “Equipmentary Speech in Memory of My Grandfather”. The number of subscribers grew.

"Mercury"

The magazine was renamed "Mercury" in 1793. His publishers by that time focused on ironic attacks against Karamzin and his supporters. The reformist work of this writer was alien to “Mercury”; it seemed overly subject to Western influences and artificial. One of the favorite themes of Krylov’s work in his youth, as well as the object of depiction in many comedies written by him, is admiration for the West. Karamzinists, in addition, repelled Ivan Andreevich with their disdain for the classicist tradition of versification; this writer was outraged by Karamzin’s “common people,” overly uncomplicated style.

The publication of Mercury ceased in 1793, and Krylov left St. Petersburg for several years.

The life and work of the writer in the period from 1795 to 1801

For the period 1795-1801. Only fragmentary information about his life has survived. Krylov's biography of that time is presented very briefly. It is known that he traveled around the province, visiting the estates of his comrades. In 1797, the writer went to S.F. Golitsyn and lived with him as a children's teacher and secretary.

The play entitled "Trumph, or Podschipa" was written in 1799-1800 for Golitsyn's home performance. Tsar Paul I could be seen in the evil, arrogant, stupid warrior Trumf. The irony was so caustic that this play was first published in Russia only in 1871.

First fables

After the death of this tsar, Prince Golitsyn was appointed governor-general in Riga, and Ivan Andreevich Krylov was here for 2 years as his secretary. He retired again in 1803 and traveled around the country playing cards. It was at this time, about which little is known, that Ivan Andreevich Krylov began to create fables.

In 1805, the writer showed in Moscow to I. I. Dmitriev, a famous fabulist and poet, his translation of two of La Fontaine’s fables - “The Picky Bride” and “The Oak and the Cane.” Dmitriev highly appreciated the work done by Krylov and was the first to note that the author had finally found his calling. Ivan Andreevich, however, did not immediately understand this himself. In 1806, he published only 3 fables, and then returned again to drama.

Three famous plays in 1807

The writer released three plays in 1807, which became very popular and were successfully staged. These are “Ilya Bogatyr”, “Lesson for Daughters” and “Fashion Shop”. The last two enjoyed the greatest success, ridiculing the passion of the nobility for the French language, morals, fashion, etc. The “fashion shop” was even set up at court.

Krylov Ivan Andreevich, despite the long-awaited success in the theatrical field, decided to take a different path. This playwright stopped creating plays. Ivan Andreevich Krylov decided to write fables, the creation of which he paid more and more attention to every year.

Krylov continues to create fables

In 1809, the first collection was published, which immediately made Krylov truly famous. In total, he wrote more than 200 different fables, combined into 9 books. Ivan Andreevich worked until his last days: the writer’s acquaintances and friends received his last lifetime edition in 1844, along with a message about the writer’s death.

Krylov’s work was first dominated by adaptations and translations of La Fontaine’s fables (“The Wolf and the Lamb,” “Dragonfly and the Ant”), after which this author gradually began to find independent plots related to topical events of reality. For example, the fables “Wolf in the Kennel”, “Swan, Pike and Cancer”, “Quartet” are a reaction to political events. "The Hermit and the Bear", "The Curious" and others were based on more abstract plots. But the fables created “on the topic of the day” very soon began to be perceived as generalized.

At one time, Ivan Krylov, who laughed at Karamzin’s style for his predilection for common expressions, began to create works that everyone could understand. He turned into a truly people's writer.

Popularity of Ivan Andreevich Krylov

A short biography of Krylov would be incomplete without mentioning that this author became a classic during his lifetime. In 1835, in an article entitled “Literary Dreams” in Russian literature, Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky found only four classics, including Krylov, whom he put on a par with Griboyedov, Pushkin and Derzhavin.

In 1838, the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the work of this fabulist became a national celebration. Since then, over the past almost two centuries, not a single generation in our country has passed by Krylov’s fables. Young people are educated on them to this day.

One of the attributes of the enormous popularity of this author was the many semi-legendary stories about his alleged gluttony, sloppiness, and laziness. Ivan Andreevich lived a long time and never changed his habits. There was talk that he was completely immersed in gourmetism and laziness. This intelligent and not entirely kind man eventually settled into the role of an eccentric, good-natured, absurd glutton. The image he had invented came to court, and in his declining years he could allow his soul anything. Ivan Andreevich was not shy about being lazy, slobish and gluttonous. Everyone believed that this writer died from volvulus due to overeating, although in fact he died from pneumonia.

Death of Ivan Andreevich

Ivan Krylov died in St. Petersburg in 1844. Ivan Andreevich's funeral was magnificent. The second man in the Russian state, Count Orlov, removed the student who was carrying the coffin and himself carried him to the road. Krylov's contemporaries believed that Sasha, the daughter of his cook, was born from him. This is confirmed by the fact that the writer sent the girl to a boarding school, and after the death of the cook, he raised her as a daughter, in addition, he gave a rich dowry for her. Before his death, Ivan Andreevich bequeathed all his property, as well as all rights to his works, to Sasha’s husband.

This is how our brief biography of Krylov ends. Now you know that this man created not only fables. In addition, you may not be aware that A. G. Rubinstein set to music such fables as “Quartet”, “Dragonfly and Ant”, “Donkey and Nightingale”, “Cuckoo and Eagle”. And Yu. M. Kasyanik also created a vocal cycle for piano and bass, “Krylov’s Fables,” which includes the works “The Crow and the Fox,” “The Donkey and the Nightingale,” “Pedestrians and Dogs,” and “The Threesome.” All these creations are very interesting.

Language of works Russian Awards Files on Wikimedia Commons Quotes on Wikiquote

Ivan Andreevich Krylov(February 2, Moscow - November 9, St. Petersburg) - Russian publicist, poet, fabulist, publisher of satirical and educational magazines. He is best known as the author of 236 fables, collected in nine lifetime collections (published from 1809 to 1843). Along with the fact that most of the plots of Krylov's fables are original, some of them go back to the fables of La Fontaine (who, in turn, borrowed them from Aesop, Phaedrus and Babrius). Many expressions from Krylov's fables became popular expressions.

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Krylov's first translator into Azerbaijani was Abbas-Quli-Aga Bakikhanov. In the 30s of the 19th century, during Krylov’s own lifetime, he translated the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale.” It would be appropriate to note that, for example, the first translation into Armenian was made in 1849, and into Georgian in 1860. Over 60 of Krylov’s fables were translated by Hasanaliaga Khan Karadagsky in the 80s of the 19th century.

Last years

At the end of his life, Krylov was favored by the royal family. He had the rank of state councilor and a six-thousand-dollar pension. From March 1841 until the end of his life he lived in the Blinov apartment building on the 1st line of Vasilyevsky Island, 8.

Krylov lived a long time and did not change his habits in any way. Completely lost in laziness and gourmand. He, an intelligent and not very kind man, eventually settled into the role of a good-natured eccentric, an absurd, unembarrassed glutton. The image he invented suited the court, and at the end of his life he could afford anything. He was not ashamed to be a glutton, a slob and a lazy person.

Everyone believed that Krylov died from intestinal volvulus due to overeating, but in fact - from bilateral pneumonia.

Contemporaries believed that the daughter of his cook, Sasha, was his father. This is confirmed by the fact that he sent her to a boarding school. And when the cook died, he raised her like a daughter and gave her a large dowry. Before his death, he bequeathed all his property and rights to his compositions to Sasha’s husband.

Recognition and adaptations

Krylov had the rank of state councilor, was a full member of the Imperial Russian Academy (since 1811), and an ordinary academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the Department of Russian Language and Literature (since 1841).

Perpetuation of the name

There are streets and alleys named after Krylov in dozens of cities in Russia and the countries of the former USSR and in Kazakhstan
Monument in the Summer Garden of St. Petersburg
In Moscow, near the Patriarch's ponds, a monument to Krylov and the heroes of his fables was erected
In St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl and Omsk there are children's libraries named after I. A. Krylov

In music

I. A. Krylov’s fables were set to music, for example, by A. G. Rubinstein - the fables “The Cuckoo and the Eagle”, “The Donkey and the Nightingale”, “The Dragonfly and the Ant”, “Quartet”. And also - Yu. M. Kasyanik: vocal cycle for bass and piano (1974) “Krylov’s Fables” (“Crow and Fox”, “Pedestrians and Dogs”, “Donkey and Nightingale”, “Two Barrels”, “Triple Man” ").

Essays

Fables

Alcides
Apelles and the foal
Poor rich man
Atheists
Squirrel (two known fables about a squirrel)
The Rich Man and the Poet
Barrel
Razors
Bulat
Cobblestone and Diamond
Kite
cornflower
Nobleman
Nobleman and Poet
Nobleman and Philosopher
Divers
Waterfall and Stream
Wolf and Wolf Cub
Wolf and Crane
Wolf and Cat
Wolf and Cuckoo
Wolf and Fox
Wolf and Mouse
Wolf and Shepherds
Wolf and Lamb
Wolf at the kennel
Wolves and Sheep
Crow
Crow and Chicken

Called him "truly popular." And this really was so, because every literary character of Ivan Andreevich Krylov still teaches what is good, bright and eternal.

short biography

The future playwright was born on February 2, 1769 in a poor family. From an early age he served the landowner, so he did not have the opportunity to receive a decent education. But exceptional learning abilities He himself successfully developed himself, studying languages and mathematics, literature and drawing.

Left without parents, he worked in St. Petersburg as a copyist of documents and at the same time wrote plays - tragedies and comedies. After gaining fame in literary circles, he worked for some time as a journalist. He traveled a lot and lived in the provinces, without ceasing to compose. After moving to Moscow, his first fables were published, which became proverbs and catchphrases. People began to call the writer himself "grandfather Krylov"- this name is firmly entrenched in his biography. The fabulist died on November 9, 1844.

Creativity, plots and heroes

Krylov was a successful playwright, wrote satires, pamphlets, and poetic stories. But his genius was revealed most clearly in his fables. Their stories are about topical topics and the authenticity of what is happening. Each piece makes fun of human vices - greed or laziness, stupidity or vanity. Despite the fact that most of Krylov’s characters are animals, the association with people is visible to everyone. These are lawless people and bureaucrats, officials and nobles, as well as ordinary poor people.

Inspiration and most famous works

Each of Krylov's fables is simple and understandable to people of all ages. It is a real learning lesson. Some of the most famous works include:

"A Crow and a fox;
"Quartet";
"Swan, pike and crayfish";
"Elephant and Moska";
"Dragonfly and Ant".

The author gave his creations a unique hidden meaning, revealing important questions for a person about good and evil, deception and flattery, stupidity and stubbornness. The author's creativity was inspired by a variety of social events: the actions of the tsarist government and the events of the Patriotic War, violence against serfs and political innovations.

Krylov as a person: social circle, interests, interesting facts

Contemporaries characterized Krylov's personal qualities in different ways. Some sincerely they called him funny and mysterious at the same time, others were not ashamed of the sincere message that he was simply a glutton and a slob.

Rumor has it that the writer really loved to eat properly and didn’t take too much care of his own appearance. But one thing is absolutely certain: the real Ivan Andreevich was known to few people. He I practically did not communicate even with close relatives. However, the writer’s social circle often included rich people and famous personalities. Krylov surprised those around him with his unpredictability.

Once, for example, he bet that he would learn ancient Greek. He succeeded in this. The fabulist was also known as a unique eccentric - people even made up jokes about his playful and funny antics. An interesting oddity of Krylov was his passion for fires: he rushed to every disaster. He also loved excitement: cockfights, fist fights, card games. He loved to play the violin, although he did not have outstanding musical abilities.

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Krylov Ivan Andreevich (1769-1844) - Russian poet, author of more than 200 fables, publicist, was engaged in publishing satirical and educational magazines.

Childhood

Father, Andrei Prokhorovich Krylov, was a poor army officer. When the Pugachev rebellion was pacified in 1772, he served in a dragoon regiment and proved himself a hero, but did not receive any ranks or medals for this. My father did not study much science, but he knew how to write and read. After retiring, he was transferred to the civil service as chairman of the Tver magistrate. Such service did not bring good income, so the family lived very poorly.

The poet’s mother, Maria Alekseevna Krylova, became a widow early. The husband died at the age of 42, the eldest son Ivan was only 9 years old. After the death of the head of the family, the Krylovs’ life became even poorer. Ivan's early childhood years were spent on the road, as the family moved very often due to his father's service.

Education

Ivan Krylov did not have the opportunity to receive a good education. When he was little, his father taught him to read. The elder Krylov himself loved reading very much and left his son a large chest full of books as an inheritance.

Wealthy neighbors lived nearby and allowed the boy to attend the French lessons taught to their children. So Ivan gradually learned a foreign language. In general, Krylov received his entire education mainly due to the fact that he read a lot.

But what attracted him greatly in adolescence were noisy fairs and fist fights, shopping areas and public gatherings; he loved to hang around among ordinary people and listen to what they were talking about. At one time he even took part in street fights, which were called “wall to wall”; the guy himself was very strong and tall, so he often emerged victorious.

Labor activity

Due to the fact that the family was in need, Krylov began working very early. In 1777, he was taken to the Tver magistrate, where his father served until his death, to the position of sub-office clerk. They paid pennies there, but at least the family didn’t die of hunger.

In 1782, the mother and her sons moved to St. Petersburg to seek a pension. Here Ivan got a job in the state chamber with a salary of 80-90 rubles.

In 1788, his mother died, and Krylov took full responsibility for raising his younger brother Lev. All his life, Ivan Andreevich took care of him as if he were his own son. Work in the state chamber no longer suited Krylov and he went to work in the Cabinet of Her Majesty (it was an institution like the personal office of the Empress).

Literary activity

In 1784, Krylov wrote his first work - the opera libretto “The Coffee House”. In the next two years, he composed two more tragedies, “Cleopatra” and “Philomela,” followed by the comedies “The Mad Family” and “The Writer in the Hallway.” So the young playwright began to work closely with the theater committee, receiving a free ticket.

The next comedy, “The Pranksters,” was different from the previous two; it was already bold, lively and witty in a new way.

In 1788, Krylov’s first fables were published in the magazine “Morning Hours”. Caustic and full of sarcasm, they did not receive approval from readers and critics.

Krylov decided to abandon public service and engage in publishing. For several years he was engaged in the production of satirical magazines:

"Spirit Mail";
"Viewer";
"St. Petersburg Mercury".

In these magazines he published his fables and some prose works.

The authorities were not too fond of Krylov’s sarcasm; the Empress even invited him to go abroad for a while. But Ivan Andreevich refused and moved to Zubrilovka - the estate of Prince Golitsyn. There he worked as a secretary, taught children, and also wrote plays for home performances.

Krylov returned to active literary activity in 1806. He came to St. Petersburg, where he staged two comedies, “Fashion Shop” and “Lesson for Daughters,” one after the other, which were a huge success.

And in 1809, Krylov’s rise as a fabulist began. The first collection of his fables included 23 works, among them the famous “Elephant and Moska”. The book turned out to be very popular, and readers began to look forward to new fables by Krylov.

Along with this, Ivan Andreevich returned to public service; he worked at the Imperial Public Library for almost 30 years.

More than 200 fables came from Krylov’s pen, in which he exposed both human vices and Russian reality. Every child knows these works of his:

"The Wolf and the Lamb";
"A Crow and a fox";
"Dragonfly and Ant";
"Swan, Cancer and Pike";
"The Monkey and the Glasses";
"Quartet".

Many expressions from his fables have firmly entered into colloquial Russian speech and have become popular.

last years of life

In the last years of his life, Krylov was in good standing with the tsarist authorities, received the position of state councilor and had an ample pension benefit. He became lazy and did not hesitate to be known as a slob and a glutton. We can say that at the end of his life all his talent dissolved in gourmetism and laziness.

Officially, Krylov was never married, but his contemporaries claimed that he lived in a civil marriage with his cook Fenya, and from him she gave birth to a daughter, Sasha. When Fenya died, Sasha lived in Krylov’s house, then he married her off, nursed the children, and after her death he transferred his entire fortune to Sasha’s husband.