Presentation on the topic "nuclear weapons". Reflections after Victory Day

A nuclear war is usually called a hypothetical clash between countries or military-political blocs that have thermonuclear or nuclear weapons and put them into action. Atomic weapons in such a conflict will become the main means of destruction. The history of nuclear war, fortunately, has not yet been written. But after the outbreak of the Cold War in the second half of the last century, nuclear war between the United States and the USSR was considered a likely development.

What will happen if there is a nuclear war?
Doctrines of nuclear war in the past
US nuclear doctrine during the Thaw
Russian nuclear doctrine

What will happen if there is a nuclear war?

Many people fearfully asked the question: what will happen if a nuclear war breaks out? This conceals a large-scale environmental danger:

The explosions would release enormous amounts of energy.
Ash and soot from the fires would obscure the sun for a long time, which would lead to the effect of “nuclear night” or “nuclear winter” with a sharp drop in temperature on the planet.
The apocalyptic picture would be complemented by radioactive contamination, which would have no less catastrophic consequences for life.

It was assumed that most countries of the world would inevitably be drawn into such a war, directly or indirectly.

The danger of a nuclear war is that it would lead to a global environmental disaster and even the death of our civilization.

What will happen in the event of a nuclear war? A powerful explosion is only part of the disaster:

As a result of a nuclear explosion, a giant fireball is formed, the heat from which chars or completely burns all living things at a sufficiently large distance from the epicenter of the explosion.
A third of the energy is released in the form of a powerful light pulse, a thousand times brighter than the radiation of the sun, so it instantly ignites all easily flammable materials (fabrics, paper, wood), and causes third-degree burns to people.
But the primary fires do not have time to flare up, since they are partially extinguished by a powerful blast wave. Flying burning debris, sparks, domestic gas explosions, short circuits and burning petroleum products cause extensive and long-lasting secondary fires.
Individual fires merge into a terrifying fire tornado that can easily burn down any metropolis. Such firestorms, created by the Allies, destroyed Dresden and Hamburg during the Second World War.
Since massive fires release enormous quantities of heat, heated air masses rush upward, forming hurricanes at the surface of the earth, bringing new portions of oxygen to the fire.
Dust and soot rise to the stratosphere, forming a giant cloud there that blocks out the sunlight. And prolonged darkening leads to nuclear winter.

The earth after a nuclear war would hardly remain even a little like its former self; it would be scorched, and almost all living things would die.

An instructive video about what will happen if a nuclear war breaks out:

Doctrines of nuclear war in the past

The first doctrine (theory, concept) of nuclear war arose immediately after the end of World War II, in the United States. Then it was invariably reflected in the strategic concepts of NATO and the United States. However, the military doctrine of the USSR also assigned a decisive role to nuclear missile weapons in the next big war.

Initially, a massive nuclear war scenario was envisaged with the unlimited use of all available nuclear weapons, and their targets would be not only military, but also civilian targets. It was believed that in such a conflict the country that would be the first to launch a massive nuclear strike against the enemy, the purpose of which was the preemptive destruction of its nuclear weapons, would gain an advantage.

But there was the main problem of a nuclear war - a preventive nuclear attack might not be so effective, and the enemy would be able to launch a retaliatory nuclear strike on industrial centers and large cities.

Since the late 50s, a new concept of “limited nuclear war” has emerged in the United States. In the 70s, according to this concept, various weapons systems could be used in a hypothetical armed conflict, including operational-tactical and tactical nuclear weapons, which had restrictions on the scale of use and means of delivery. In such a conflict, atomic weapons would only be used to destroy military and important economic facilities. If history could be distorted, nuclear wars in the recent past could realistically follow a similar scenario.

One way or another, the United States still remains the only state that in practice used nuclear weapons in 1945 not against the military, but dropped 2 bombs on the civilian population of Hiroshima (August 6) and Nagasaki (August 9).

Hiroshima

On August 6, 1945, under the guise of the Potsdam Declaration, which set an ultimatum regarding the immediate surrender of Japan, the American government sent an American bomber to the Japanese Islands, and at 08:15 Japanese time it dropped the first nuclear bomb, codenamed “Baby,” on the city of Hiroshima.

The power of this charge was relatively small - about 20,000 tons of TNT. The explosion of the charge occurred at an altitude of about 600 meters above the surface of the earth, and its epicenter was above the Sima hospital. It was not by chance that Hiroshima was chosen as the target of a demonstrative nuclear strike - it was there at that time that the general headquarters of the Japanese Navy and the second general staff of the Japanese army were located.

The explosion destroyed a large part of Hiroshima.
Over 70,000 people were killed instantly.
Near 60,000 died later from wounds, burns and radiation sickness.
There was a zone of complete destruction within a radius of about 1.6 kilometers, while the fires spread over an area of 11.4 square meters. km.
90% of the city's buildings were either completely destroyed or severely damaged.
The tram system miraculously survived the bombing.

In the six months following the bombing, they died from its consequences. 140,000 people.

This “insignificant”, according to the military, charge once again proved that the consequences of a nuclear war for humanity are devastating, as for a race.

Sad video about the nuclear attack on Hiroshima:

Nagasaki

On August 9 at 11:02, another American plane dropped another nuclear charge, “Fat Man,” on the city of Nagasaki. It was detonated high above the Nagasaki Valley, where industrial plants were located. The second American nuclear attack on Japan in a row caused further catastrophic destruction and loss of life:

74,000 Japanese died instantly.
14,000 buildings were completely destroyed.

In fact, these terrible moments can be called the days when a nuclear war almost started, since bombs were dropped on civilians, and only a miracle stopped the moment when the world was on the brink of nuclear war.

US nuclear doctrine during the Thaw

At the end of the Cold War, the American doctrine of limited nuclear war was transformed into the concept of counterproliferation. It was first voiced by US Secretary of Defense L. Espin in December 1993. The Americans considered that it was no longer possible to achieve this goal with the help of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, therefore, at critical moments, the United States reserved the right to carry out “disarmament strikes” on the nuclear facilities of undesirable regimes.

In 1997, a directive was adopted according to which the US Army must be prepared to strike foreign facilities for the production and storage of biological, chemical and nuclear weapons. And in 2002, the concept of counterproliferation entered the American national security strategy. Within its framework, the United States intended to destroy nuclear facilities in Korea and Iran or take control of Pakistani facilities.

Russian nuclear doctrine

Russia's military doctrine also periodically changes its wording. In the latter option, Russia reserves the right to use nuclear weapons if not only nuclear or other types of weapons of mass destruction, but also conventional weapons were used against it or its allies, if this threatens the very foundations of the existence of the state, which could become one of the reasons for nuclear war. This speaks to the main thing - the likelihood of a nuclear war currently exists quite acutely, but the rulers understand that no one can survive in this conflict.

Russian nuclear weapons

An alternative history with nuclear war was developed in Russia. In 2016, the US State Department estimated, based on the data provided under the START-3 treaty, that the Russian army deployed 508 strategic nuclear delivery vehicles:

intercontinental ballistic missiles;
strategic bombers;
missiles on submarines.

There are 847 nuclear charge carriers in total, on which 1,796 charges are installed. It should be noted that nuclear weapons in Russia are being reduced quite intensively - over six months their number decreases by 6%.

With such weapons and more than 10 countries in the world that have officially confirmed the presence of nuclear weapons, the threat of nuclear war is a global problem, the prevention of which is a guarantee of life on Earth.

Are you afraid of nuclear war? Do you think it will come and how soon? Share your opinion or guesses in the comments.

"Yadernoe oruzhie"

Operating principle
Brief nuclear explosion
Nuclear charges: their types

If we approach the definition briefly, then nuclear (or in other words, atomic) weapons include in their definition the presence of nuclear warheads and the capabilities of their transportation and control.

Nuclear weapons are on the list of weapons of mass destruction.

Operating principle

Nuclear weapons (yadernoe oruzhie), more precisely the principle of its operation is nuclear energy. A chain reaction occurs, subsequently, by which heavy nuclei divide. In another case, light nuclei are synthesized using a thermonuclear reaction. If a huge amount of intranuclear energy is instantly released, but in a limited volume, then an explosive reaction. The visual center of the explosive reaction can be determined by the fireball.

Brief nuclear explosion

A nuclear explosion can cause seismic vibrations if it occurs on or near the surface of the earth. It is similar to an earthquake, but the radius of distribution is in the region of several hundred meters. The explosion leads to the release of energy, which is converted into bright light and heat. If it is at the epicenter of the explosion, that is, within the radius of the spread of a nuclear reaction, then people get burns, and flammable substances ignite.
The range extends to kilometers. With the consequences of the use of nuclear weapons, ionizing radiation occurs, briefly - radiation. Its effect lasts for about a minute. Since radiation has enormous penetrating power, being within its radius of action is very dangerous to health. In order not to fall under its influence, a reliable shelter is required.

Nuclear charges: their types

Atomic. This type of charge involves the fission of heavy metal nuclei, such as uranium-235 (or uranium 233), plutonium-239. The explosion of an atomic charge is characterized by a nuclear reaction of one type.

Thermonuclear. The specificity of this charge is that the synthesis of lighter elements into heavier ones occurs. The reaction occurs during an explosion, under the influence of colossally high temperature. Lithium-6 deutride is used as fuel.

. The neutron charge is characterized by very high neutron radiation. At the same time, the power remains low. In this case, the bet is on an increased spread of radiation and, accordingly, a greater destructive force for all living things. Any equipment will also suffer when this charge explodes. The United States was the first to develop technology for creating a neutron charge. Now Russia and France can create it.

Nuclear explosion: its damaging factor

In the modern world, nuclear weapons seem to be one of the most dangerous types of weapons, due to their large-scale damaging factors.

Shock wave.

For the most part, it is the shock wave that has the most powerful damaging properties.
However, the force of destruction is much stronger. In addition to the destructive shock wave itself, objects located in the zone of its influence can be destroyed by flying fragments or objects located closer to the center of the explosion.
Accordingly, the destructive force of a nuclear explosion in populated areas or wooded areas will be many times stronger than in open space. A person can protect himself from a shock wave in shelters designed specifically for this purpose, or use the terrain and natural shelters.
Buildings from a nuclear explosion can suffer from minor damage to complete destruction. The shock wave is compared to water, since it is capable of penetrating into a room through the slightest hole, destroying partitions inside the building along its path.

. Light radiation. It includes visible, infrared and ultraviolet radiation.

When the air is heated and the temperature of the explosion products is high, this damaging factor is obtained. During an explosion, the brightness of the light radiation is several times greater than sunlight.
The area that was in the zone of light radiation can heat up to 10,000 °C. How long the light radiation will last can only be judged by the power of the nuclear explosion. The damaging factor is the high temperatures that affect everything around.
Thus, a nuclear explosion can cause fires, meltdown of equipment, and for humans severe burns up to complete charring.
In the event of a nuclear explosion, a person must hide the exposed parts of the skin and under no circumstances look in the direction of the explosion.
Light radiation is more destructive when a nuclear weapon explodes in the air than on the surface of the earth.
In bad weather conditions (rain, snow, fog), the damaging ability of light radiation decreases significantly. An ordinary shadow from something can serve as a shelter from light radiation.

. Penetrating radiation. During a nuclear explosion underground or underwater, the penetrating power of radiation is noticeably reduced. In the air, radiation spreads rapidly.

Radiation, in its destructive power, exceeds the above mentioned damaging factors. But the radius of radiation spread, even with a powerful explosion, is several kilometers.
The damaging effect on living organisms occurs by influencing vital organs, or more precisely, their function. People or animals affected by radiation become ill with radiation sickness.
The effects of radiation caused by a nuclear explosion last for several seconds. You can hide from such a damaging factor using thick materials that can trap radioactive radiation. For example, a layer of steel can absorb the radiation force twice as much.
You can hide behind concrete structures, underground, in water, behind a thick tree or under snow (in this case you need a thick layer of at least half a meter).

. Radioactive contamination. Both living organisms and a variety of non-living objects are exposed to this type of infection.

. Electromagnetic pulse, arising in the atmosphere, does not affect humans. The effect is on conductors for currents and voltages of different nature. The consequence of this impulse is damage to devices associated with radio engineering and current.
Nuclear weapons: their varieties
Nuclear potential is used for various purposes. And starting from the targets, weapons are divided into several types of explosions.

. An explosion high in the air is called aerial, due to the explosion of a nuclear warhead, can be high and low. Thus, the explosion occurs in such a way that the area of light emission does not reach the ground or the surface of the water. During explosions in low layers of the atmosphere, radioactive contamination of everything around occurs. It is not significant, even for living organisms. The remaining damaging factors operate at their maximum.

. Another type of explosion in the air - high-altitude. It is used to destroy missiles or aircraft. It is safe when used for ground applications. Here, the most destructive factors are all damaging factors, except radioactive contamination.

. Ground or surface nuclear explosion produced on the surface of water/ground. It can also be done not high above these surfaces. Ground or surface can be considered one in which the light radiation touches a particular surface. The strongest damaging factor is contamination by radiation of the surface on which the explosion occurs. Other destructive factors also take place.

. The latest type of nuclear explosion, carried out either underground or underwater. The main factor of damage is the formation of seismic blast waves. The soil becomes contaminated with radiation. But there is no damaging factor of radiation penetration and light radiation.

Nuclear weapons as a threat to destroy humanity

The use of nuclear warheads occurred at the end of the Second World War against Nazi Germany. Then the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered. The nuclear bombing was carried out by the US Armed Forces. Such measures were dictated by the speedy signing of the surrender of Japan. The results of the explosion were catastrophic. The people at the epicenter of the explosion turned to coal. The birds burned in flight. The blast wave knocked out glass, which caused the death of most of the people.

Buildings collapsed. Many small fires broke out, which later grew into one big one. Those who remained alive after the explosion and its destructive factors subsequently began to die from radioactive contamination.

The consequences of a nuclear explosion reverberate in the future. People were still dying from cancer and other diseases for many years. If a nuclear explosion, huge in scale, is used, its consequences will be colossal fires that would engulf forests and cities. This would send a large amount of smoke towards the stratosphere. Solar radiation would stop reaching the earth's surface. This phenomenon is called “Nuclear Winter”.

Its danger lies in the destruction of the ozone layer of the globe. Direct ultraviolet rays, not blocked by the ozone layer, would be destructive to all living things. These are the unhappy prospects that await humanity with the large-scale use of nuclear weapons.

After the sad events in Japanese cities, development of a hydrogen bomb began. It's time for an arms race. Countries wanted to have weapons more powerful than those of rival countries. The arms race continued until the threat of nuclear war arose. Today, the threat of nuclear war is slowed down by the disarmament of the existing arsenal. But nuclear potential exists in a number of modern states. Also, today the UN convention has banned the use of nuclear weapons in the world.

In the modern world, the headlines of many news publications are full of the words “Nuclear Threat”. This scares many people, and even more people have no idea what to do if this becomes a reality. We will deal with all this further.

From the history of the study of atomic energy

The study of atoms and the energy they release began at the end of the 19th century. A huge contribution to this was made by European scientists and his wife Maria Sklodowska-Curie, Rutherford, Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein. All of them, to varying degrees, discovered and proved that the atom consists of smaller particles that have a certain energy.

In 1937, Irene Curie and her student discovered and described the process of fission of the uranium atom. And already in the early 1940s in the United States of America, a group of scientists developed the principles of a nuclear explosion. The Alamogordo test site experienced the full power of their development for the first time. It happened on June 16, 1945.

And after 2 months, the first atomic bombs with a yield of about 20 kilotons were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Residents of these settlements did not even imagine the threat of a nuclear explosion. As a result, the casualties amounted to approximately 140 and 75 thousand people, respectively.

It is worth noting that there was no military need for such actions on the part of the United States. The government of the country simply decided to demonstrate its power to the whole world. Fortunately, at the moment this is the only case of the use of such powerful weapons of mass destruction.

Until 1947, this country was the only one that had the knowledge and technology to produce atomic bombs. But in 1947, the USSR caught up with them, thanks to the successful developments of a group of scientists led by Academician Kurchatov. After this, the arms race began. The United States rushed to create thermonuclear bombs as quickly as possible, the first of which had a yield of 3 megatons and was detonated at a test site in November 1952. The USSR caught up with them here, a little more than six months later, having tested similar weapons.

Today, the threat of global nuclear war is constantly in the air. And although dozens of world agreements have been adopted on the non-use of such weapons and the destruction of existing bombs, there are a number of countries that refuse to accept the conditions described in them and continue to develop and test more and more new warheads. Unfortunately, they do not quite understand that the massive use of such weapons can destroy all life on the planet.

What is a nuclear explosion?

North Korea

The most acute threat of nuclear war in the modern world is in connection with the tests being carried out in the DPRK. Its leader states that scientists have already managed to create warheads that can fit on intercontinental missiles that can easily reach US territory. It is difficult to say whether this is true or not, since the country is in political and economic isolation.

North Korea is required to curtail all development and testing of new weapons. They are also asking to allow an IAEA commission to study the situation with the use of radioactive substances. To encourage North Korea to take action, sanctions are introduced. And Pyongyang is really responding to them: it is conducting more and more tests, which have been repeatedly detected from orbital satellites. More than once in the news there was the idea that at some point Korea might start a war, but through agreements it was possible to restrain it.

It is difficult to say how this confrontation will end, especially after Donald Trump took the presidency of the United States. Both the American and the Korean leaders are characterized by unpredictability. Therefore, any action that seems to threaten the country could lead to the outbreak of a third (and this time the last) world war.

Peaceful atom?

But the modern nuclear threat is not only expressed in the military power of states. Nuclear energy is also used in power plants. And no matter how sad it sounds, accidents also happen on them. The most famous is the Chernobyl disaster, which happened on April 26, 1986. The amount of radiation that was released into the air during it can be compared to 300 bombs in Hiroshima only in terms of the amount of cesium-137. A radioactive cloud has covered a significant part of the planet, and the areas around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant itself are still so contaminated that they can give serious radiation sickness to a person staying there in a couple of minutes.

The cause of the accident was tests that ended in failure: the workers did not have time to cool the reactor in time, and the roof melted, causing a fire at the station. A beam of ionizing radiation hit the open sky, and the contents of the reactor turned into dust, which became that radioactive cloud.

The second most famous is the accident at the Japanese Fukushima-1 plant. It was caused by a strong earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011. As a result, the external and emergency power supply systems failed, which made it impossible to cool the reactors in time. Because of this, they melted. But rescuers were prepared for such a development of events and took all measures as quickly as possible to prevent a disaster.

Then serious consequences were avoided only thanks to the well-coordinated work of the liquidators. But there have been several dozen minor accidents in the world. All of them carried the threat of radioactive contamination and radiation sickness.

Therefore, we can say that man has not yet completely managed to tame the energy of the atom. And even if all radioactive warheads are destroyed, the problems of the nuclear threat will not completely disappear. This is precisely the force that, in addition to its benefits, is capable of causing serious destruction and destroying life on earth. Therefore, it is necessary to treat nuclear energy as responsibly as possible and not play with fire, as the powers that be do.

The time has come for us to fight for our lives seriously. Why have we been watching for many years as powers build up their nuclear capabilities? We understand that any use of this potential will eliminate life on the planet. Who is threatening whom? We understand that any use of nuclear weapons will affect all people on Earth, because their power is so deadly, and every year the weapons invented by the killers of humanity are becoming more and more deadly, that they will bring neither victory nor benefit to anyone. So why produce it? After all, there is a huge factor of the human psyche. Many times this nuclear war could have already begun, and the fingers of the country's leaders reached for the nuclear buttons. The Cuban Missile Crisis, UFO flights even over the European part of Canada. The Minister of Defense of Canada told how these flights almost caused the use of a nuclear response. So why do we look at this calmly?

After all, the citizens of the world are so illiterate who think that nuclear weapons are local weapons. We know that one American journalist found that 9 out of 10 Americans agree to use nuclear weapons against Russia. And the history of the use of the only, thank God, so far in the world of this weapon is August 6, 1945 Hiroshima and August 9, 1945 Nagasaki. It is blasphemous that the American bomber Enola Gay was named after the mother of the crew commander, Colonel Paul Tibbetts. Who did this mother give birth to? Killer of thousands and thousands of people. The total number of deaths was up to 166 thousand in Hiroshima and up to 80 thousand people in Nagasaki. This happened immediately, and then hundreds of thousands died from radiation sickness, oncology and other consequences.

I think that this date should really be remembered by all the people of the world, but we have forgotten about it. If all the people of the world order their leaders to destroy nuclear weapons, if we all stand for peace, then this will happen. We don't know that we rule the world. We think that they are the ones who rule the world, those who took the helm by hook or by crook. And it is we, the citizens of the planet, who must and must create the fate of the planet, and not wait for others to create it at their own discretion. Therefore, of course, not a single person in the world needs a nuclear war. And everyone must demonstrate their will clearly, strongly, definitely. Are we really going to be afraid to defend our lives? Then why live if we are afraid to protect our lives?

The most valuable thing we have is life, and we are obliged to protect it. And before you act, of course, you need to pray. Before any good deed, we pray to the only source of life on Earth - the Sun. We understand that the World is alive, the Cosmos is alive, the planets are alive and the Sun is alive, and it hears us, it responds to our appeals. Our ancestors knew this, and the only religion on the entire Earth before Christianity was Mithraism - the worship of Mithra, Ra - the Sun God. And this lunar cult, which is a deathly reflection of the light of the Sun, supplanted the living, powerful faith of our ancestors. Let's return to the Sun, because according to all eastern beliefs, Kali Yuga - the era of cosmic darkness - is ending, the cosmic day is coming - the Golden Age, strive for it, strive for the Sun, for harmony, fortunately, only then will you deserve this Golden Age. Selfish people, cowards, will never deserve divine mercy, happiness, and joy. And therefore we must become, first of all, really strong, honest, courageous. Ask yourself, do you really want to live? Want to? Protect your life, turn to the Sun, don’t be shy. Invite everyone to this prayer for Peace: both relatives and friends, because prayer is energy.

The existence of psychic energy is hidden from us, but it exists. Ayurvedic doctors know this, and Chinese doctors know this; it is the vital energy that they correct in a person, and the person recovers. So let's send this vital energy to the Sun all together. The more of us there are, the faster the Sun will hear us and help us remove these deadly weapons from the planet. With God blessing!

“...for the Lord God did not send rain on the earth, and there was no man to till the earth, but steam rose from the earth and watered the whole face of the earth.”.
The two-tier structure of the atmosphere was confirmed many years ago by studies by Eppie Sluijs and his colleagues from the University of Utrecht. In their opinion, the earth's atmosphere then consisted of two shells - an air shell, similar to the modern one, and a water shell, consisting of frozen water vapor in the lower stratosphere (10-50 km from the Earth's surface), which has not been preserved to date.
The water-steam or water shell protected the Earth from hard cosmic radiation.
The possibility of the existence in the past of a water-steam shell above the air shell was brilliantly confirmed by atmospheric physicist Dr. Joseph Dillow in his book “Waters from Above,” published in 1982 in Chicago. According to his calculations, there could be water vapor above the air atmosphere in an amount equivalent to a 12-meter layer of liquid water.
The presence of such a powerful screen, which protected the Earth from ultraviolet radiation from the Sun (it was the main factor in the aging of the body), determined a uniformly warm climate throughout the entire Earth in the Paleocene and Eocene, which I attributed in my works to the “golden age” (the Earth then represented something like a giant greenhouse), and more.
Starting from the boundaries of the Eocene and Oligocene (34 million years) and especially the Oligocene and Miocene (23 million years) as a result of numerous disasters caused by the collision of asteroids with the Earth and the world (and) using nuclear, laser and some even more powerful "weapons of the gods" the power of the water-steam shell inevitably decreased and in certain periods (at the boundary of the Oligocene-Miocene, early and middle Miocene) the water contained in it poured out onto the Earth (and) in continuous streams - water or hail with snow (" all the fountains of the great deep burst forth, and the windows of heaven were opened"), which led to floods (and). Subsequently, the water-steam shell completely dried up and its place was taken by the "ozone layer". The ozone content in the atmosphere, apparently, also decreased until it reached modern values (equivalent power 3 mm).
As a result of the reduction in the power of the water-vapor shell, and then the content of ozone in the atmosphere, the life expectancy of intelligent creatures changed from 100 thousand years in the Paleocene and Eocene (65.5-34 million years ago) to 10 thousand years in the Oligocene and early Miocene (34 -16 million years ago), 1 thousand years in the middle and late Miocene (15.9-5.3 million years ago) and 100 years after the Messinian catastrophe and flood at the boundary of the Miocene and Pliocene (5.3 million years ago ) (read about it, and). It remains approximately this way to this day.
What will happen if some short-sighted political leader or any accident leads to the start of a new world nuclear war? A new global catastrophe, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, nuclear winter and night, which will last hundreds of years, and possibly several millennia. It's clear. And then? This is the main question. If earlier the water-vapor shell and the ozone layer had internal resources for restoration, although each time after a disaster their thickness decreased, then the current content of the ozone layer in the atmosphere may not allow this. In this case, the surface of the Earth will become similar to the surface of Mars, which was also once a thriving habitable planet.
Life will only be possible underground with no prospect of ever getting out. That is why I want to draw your attention to the inadmissibility of the arms race, that is why I persistently call on all sensible people, scientists, military specialists, politicians to express their strong word against the further development of not only offensive, but also defensive nuclear, laser, weather, geomagnetic (in many times more dangerous than nuclear weapons and begin the immediate destruction of all accumulated stockpiles. And of course, do not allow any country to join the list of nuclear powers.

Will we hesitate in our choice?

I, the author of this work A.V. Koltypin, I authorize you to use it for any purposes not prohibited by current legislation, provided that my authorship is indicated and a hyperlink to the site orhttp://earthbeforeflood.com

Read my works" Attack of the Gods. Aircraft and nuclear weapons in ancient India", " Nuclear wars have already happened and left many traces. Geological evidence of nuclear and thermonuclear military conflicts in the past" (together with P. Oleksenko), "The Extermination of the People of Hathor and the Libyan Desert Glass", " Who was the losing side of the nuclear war 12,000 years ago? Legacies of the distant past in Australian lore", " Eleven glaciations of the Quaternary period - wars for world domination between the Pandavas and Kauravas",
" Oil and coals with a high content of uranium, vanadium, nickel, iridium and other metals are deposits from the eras of “nuclear wars”"
Read also my work"The most important catastrophe in the history of the Earth, during which humanity appeared. When did it happen"