Analysis of the poem “In Memory of Dobrolyubov” by Nekrasov. Nikolai Nekrasov - In Memory of Dobrolyubov: Poem That heart will not learn to love

The work of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is permeated with the suffering of ordinary working people, but there is also a place in it for works dedicated to talented people. Among them, the poem “In Memory of Dobrolyubov”, dedicated to the famous literary critic, stands out. We offer brief analysis“In Memory of Dobrolyubov” according to a plan with which you can prepare for a literature lesson in 10th grade.

Brief Analysis

History of creation– The verse was written in 1864 and dedicated to Nikolai Dobrolyubov.

Theme of the poem– The significance of Dobrolyubov’s creativity and his personality in Russian literature.

Composition- The composition is based on the antithesis “life - death”.

Genre- Epitaph.

Poetic size– Iambic pentameter with cross rhyme.

Metaphors- « lamp of reason", "prophetic pen".

Epithets – « harsh”, “light”, “prophetic”.

Comparisons – « like a woman you loved his homeland».

History of creation

Nekrasov, being one of the owners of the Sovremennik magazine, met the literary critic and publicist Nikolai Dobrolyubov when he got a job in a popular magazine.

The young writer, despite his young age, had an amazing gift for recognizing real literary diamonds among the host of servants of art.

Unfortunately, Dobrolyubov’s multifaceted talent was not able to fully develop - the writer died of consumption at the age of 25. With his departure, readers lost a man who knew how to explain in an accessible and very entertaining way why certain works are worthy of attention.

In 1864, Nikolai Alekseevich wrote a poem that became a dedication to Nikolai Dobrolyubov.

Subject

The central theme is admiration for the personality of Nikolai Dobrolyubov, the significance of his work for the formation of bright ideals among the younger generation. In his work, the author shows a vivid image of a revolutionary who laid down his own life to serve his homeland.

Dobrolyubov appears as a selfless person who had a rare literary gift and the ability to rally talented people around him. Nekrasov admires the spiritual purity of the deceased writer, his exceptionally high moral qualities, and revolutionary spirit.

The poet sincerely mourns his friend who has passed on to another world, and laments that it is not so often that one can meet such talented and selfless people on one’s life path.

Composition

The poem consists of six stanzas of different lengths: four quatrains, one quintuple and one final seven-line, ending at takeoff. Such an ending creates the effect of understatement.

The composition of the work is built on the opposition of life and death, and consists of two conventional parts. In the first part, the author shares all the virtues and positive qualities Dobrolyubova.

Genre

The genre of the poem is an epitaph. Written in iambic pentameter with cross rhyme.

Means of expression

Nekrasov had a lot in his arsenal artistic means, with the help of which he managed to convey expressiveness and emotional coloring to his work. Among them metaphors(“lamp of reason”, “prophetic feather”), epithets(“severe”, “light”, “prophetic”) and comparisons(“like a woman, you loved your homeland”).

Poem test

Rating Analysis

Average rating: 4.7. Total ratings received: 20.

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov

You were harsh, you were in your younger years
He knew how to subordinate passion to reason.
You taught me to live for glory, for freedom,
But you taught me more to die.

Consciously worldly pleasures
You rejected, you kept purity,
You did not quench the thirst of your heart;
Like a woman, you loved your homeland,
Your works, hopes, thoughts

You gave it to her; you are honest hearts
He conquered her. Calling to new life,
And a bright paradise, and pearls for a crown
You cooked for your harsh mistress,

But your hour struck too early
And the prophetic pen fell from his hands.
What a lamp of reason has gone out!
What heart has stopped beating!

Years have passed, passions have subsided,
And you rose high above us...
Cry, Russian land! but also be proud -
Since you've been standing under the skies

You never gave birth to such a son
And she didn’t take hers back into the depths:
Treasures of spiritual beauty
They were graciously combined...
Mother Nature! when would such people
Sometimes you didn't send to the world,
The field of life would die out...

Nikolay Dobrolyubov

Fate brought Nekrasov together with the literary critic, satirist poet and publicist Nikolai Dobrolyubov in 1858. A young man, distinguished by his extraordinary literary abilities and advanced judgments, came to work for the Sovremennik magazine, one of the co-owners of which was Nikolai Nekrasov.

According to the recollections of eyewitnesses, there was no close friendship between the writers due to the huge difference in age, but Nekrasov always read Dobrolyubov’s articles with pleasure, admiring his courage, categoricalness and harshness, with which the author often attacked careless writers. At the same time, Nikolai Dobrolyubov had an undoubted gift for truly talented poets and writers. He analyzed their works with particular care, and in his reviews he tried to explain to readers why, for example, Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm” should be considered as an example of revolutionary drama, and Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is a symbol of the era of the lazy, illiterate and useless non-aspiring people.

Nikolai Dobrolyubov died in 1861 from consumption. He was only 25 years old. However, after his death, Nikolai Nekrasov fully realized what a loss Russian literature had suffered, having lost a person who knew how to explain to readers in simple and accessible language which works really deserve their attention and which do not.

In 1864, Nikolai Nekrasov wrote his famous dedication poem “To the Memory of Dobrolyubov,” in which he not only assessed the work of this outstanding literary critic, but also revealed his spiritual qualities. “You were stern, in your youth you knew how to subordinate passion to reason,” the poem begins with these lines and immediately paints before the readers the image of a mature and wise man. For those who know nothing about Dobrolyubov, it is very difficult to imagine that as a literary critic he became famous at the age of 22, becoming a thunderstorm for poets and writers, whose work he was unbiased and quite objective. Therefore, Nekrasov notes that Dobrolyubov taught people to live not for glory, but for freedom, but “you taught more to die.” This phrase contains a truly philosophical meaning that sheds light on Dobrolyubov’s work. The theme of death in his works was as natural as the theme of the miserable existence of peasants. And the young literary critic urged people not to waste their lives in vain, believing that it was better to die defending their interests than to die of old age and illness, knowing that the next generation would have to go the same way, devoid of joy and hope.

Addressing Dobrolyubov, Nekrasov notes that “as a woman, you loved your homeland,” giving her the best years of your life, conquering her with your works and “calling for a new life.” The author considers Russia in relation to Dobrolyubov to be a “severe mistress” who appreciated too late all the gifts that the young publicist presented her. Perhaps, if not for a fatal illness, Dobrolyubov would have been able to change public opinion with his works and lay a powerful foundation for a new social system. However, this did not happen, although Nekrasov himself does not deny that in many respects Russia owes the abolition of serfdom to Dobrolyubov’s creativity.

“The years have passed, the passions have subsided, and you have risen high above us...”, the poet notes, emphasizing that since the time of its existence the Russian land “has not given birth to such a son.” At the same time, Nekrasov is convinced that “treasures of spiritual beauty were combined in him with grace,” focusing readers’ attention on the fact that Dobrolyubov lived and worked not for fame and money, but in the name of Russia, which he wanted to change. And if such selfless and patriotic people were not born on Russian soil at least occasionally, then, in the author’s opinion, “the field of life would die out.”

He knew how to subordinate passion to reason,

You taught me to live for glory, for freedom,

But you taught me more to die.

Consciously worldly pleasures

You rejected, you kept purity,

You did not quench the thirst of your heart,

Like a woman you loved your homeland,

Your works, hopes, thoughts

You gave it to her; you are honest hearts

He conquered her. Calling for new life,

And a bright paradise, and pearls for a crown

You cooked for your stern mistress...

Nekrasov finds simple but strong, sharp words, concise but precise expressions to characterize his deceased friend. With bitterness and a feeling of deep admiration and admiration for his memory, he exclaims:

What a lamp of reason has gone out!

What heart has stopped beating!

The last stanza is cut off mid-line:

Mother nature! If only such people

Sometimes you didn't send to the world,

The field of life would die out...

However, this incompleteness only enhances the impression, like a pause in the heated speech of a speaker who breaks it off under the pressure of surging feelings.

The poem does not so much give a specific image of the deceased critic as draw those of his features that are characteristic of all outstanding Russian patriotic fighters, including Nekrasov himself.

So, what does Nekrasov’s poetry convey? to the modern reader? What is its content? Try now to clarify the diagram that you drew up at the beginning of our conversation about the motives of Nekrasov’s lyrics?

The content of Nekrasov's poetry is very diverse: the fate of the people and the fate of people from the people, the duty of a citizen, love, poet and poetry, a woman-mother, St. Petersburg corners, people's defenders and people's enemies, spiritual dramas. And this content was embodied both in genres already known, but rethought by Nekrasov, and in genres that Russian poetry had not yet known. Nekrasov’s poetry miraculously combines seemingly incompatible traditions, styles, and genres. It contains the intonations of an accusatory ode with its pathos, oratorical techniques, turns of high style, and the intonations of living folk speech, with its stylistic and lexical features, the melodiousness of a Russian song and the instructiveness of a fairy tale, the wisdom of proverbs and sayings, and “the melancholy of endless plains.”

He does not disdain either poetic or newspaper cliches, or colloquialisms, or high civil vocabulary. And at the same time, each of his poems is a single poetic whole. The emotional pillars of his poetry are “will”, “anger” and love. All his poems are permeated with these feelings. He is convinced that

That heart will not learn to love,

Which is tired of hating.

No matter what Nekrasov writes about, he stigmatizes, is touched, suffers, or complains.

You were harsh, you were in your younger years
He knew how to subordinate passion to reason.
You taught me to live for glory, for freedom,
But you taught me more to die.

Consciously worldly pleasures
You rejected, you kept purity,
You did not quench the thirst of your heart;
Like a woman, you loved your homeland,
Your works, hopes, thoughts

You gave it to her; you are honest hearts
He conquered her. Calling for new life,
And a bright paradise, and pearls for a crown
You cooked for your harsh mistress,

But your hour struck too early
And the prophetic pen fell from his hands.
What a lamp of reason has gone out!
What heart has stopped beating!

Years have passed, passions have subsided,
And you rose high above us...
Cry, Russian land! but also be proud -
Since you've been standing under the skies

You never gave birth to such a son
And she didn’t take hers back into the depths:
Treasures of spiritual beauty
They were graciously combined...

Mother Nature! when would such people
Sometimes you didn't send to the world,
The field of life would die out...

Analysis of Nekrasov’s poem “In Memory of Dobrolyubov”

In 1864, Nikolai Nekrasov wrote his famous dedication poem “To the Memory of Dobrolyubov,” in which he not only assessed the work of this outstanding literary critic, but also revealed his spiritual qualities. “You were stern, in your youth you knew how to subordinate passion to reason,” - it is with these lines that the poem begins and immediately paints before the readers the image of a mature and wise man. For those who know nothing about Dobrolyubov, it is very difficult to imagine that as a literary critic he became famous at the age of 22, becoming a thunderstorm for poets and writers, whose work he was unbiased and quite objective. Therefore, Nekrasov notes that Dobrolyubov taught people to live not for glory, but for freedom, but “you taught more to die.” This phrase contains a truly philosophical meaning that sheds light on Dobrolyubov’s work. The theme of death in his works was as natural as the theme of the miserable existence of peasants. And the young literary critic urged people not to waste their lives in vain, believing that it was better to die defending their interests than to die of old age and illness, knowing that the next generation would have to go the same way, devoid of joy and hope.