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Analysis of the poem "I go out alone on the road." Poems “I go out alone on the road” by M. Yu

This poem, written in the form of a monologue, reveals the poet’s feelings that overwhelm him while walking. Describing the surrounding nature, the author speaks of its captivating beauty and perfection. She awakens in him the image of something unshakable that does not tolerate fuss. But he himself, located among all this splendor, feels out of place here and his thoughts are colored with sadness and sadness.

The poet begins to look for the reason in himself, asks questions and answers them honestly. This is the story of a deeply feeling, lonely person who no longer expects anything from life, and wants, like this majestic nature, to become free and observe everything from the outside.

Lermontov believed in the predetermination of fate, and, as many write, unconsciously sought death. Maybe that's true. But as a result of everything that happened to him, he wrote and presented his descendants with wonderful examples of poetic lyricism, which still touches readers with its penetration.

Written shortly before his death, the poem accurately conveys the poet’s state of mind at that time. By the age of thirty-six, he realized the futility of his efforts. It seemed to him that the time of great victories had passed, he was born too late and was not needed by his time. It so happened that this work became, as it were, his testament, written in verse. Mikhail Yuryevich was buried in his homeland in the village of Tarkhany, and as he wrote in the last lines, next to his grave stands a huge, old oak tree.

Lermontov - I go out alone on the road, analysis of the poem

This poem can be attributed to the mature work of M.Yu. Lermontov, it was written several months before the duel. His contemporaries recalled that he seemed to have a presentiment of death and was in a depressed and thoughtful state.

However, it is in this work that there is no sound of despondency or despair; it is imbued with light sadness and reflection.

The poem begins with the fact that the poet finds himself alone with the universe: the “flint path” stretches out in front of him, above him is the quiet night sky, strewn with stars. The world seemed to stand still, and the lyrical hero was fascinated by the picture that opened before him. The epithets are very expressive: “the flint path”, “blue radiance”.

The night landscape described in the poem is imbued with calm and tranquility. The more acutely the reader perceives the poet’s state of mind, who is tormented by questions about his life, past and future. Lermontov is having a conversation with himself or with God himself, who is invisibly present in the “desert” through which his path lies.

Contrast is one of the poet’s favorite techniques, which helps him more clearly show the problem of his creation.

He is very lonely, and the landscape around him only emphasizes this. The conclusions that the poet comes to by asking himself questions do not please him. Because he believes that he is unlikely to be able to become happy and therefore does not expect “anything from life.” Emotionality is achieved due to the fact that the poem is written in the first person, and in addition contains an abundance of rhetorical questions and exclamations.

He has one wish left:

I'm looking for freedom and peace!
I would like to forget myself and fall asleep!

But this is not the peace and sleep that gives oblivion that death brings with it.

“I would like to sleep like this forever,” the theme of memory begins with these lines. It is important for Lermontov that he is remembered by his descendants, who could appreciate his work. That is why the image of a green oak appears in the poem, as a symbol of a monument to the poet and his work.

For me, this is one of Lermontov’s best philosophical works, when a very large meaning is hidden in a small volume and serious questions are asked that almost every person asks himself. The rhythmic pattern of the poem is created using pentameter trochee with pyrrhic, as well as alternating female and male rhymes.

Analysis of Lermontov's verse I go out alone onto the road

Lermontov is a person who is very principled. This man always believed that you need to die with dignity and beauty. For him it was to die on the battlefield. It was the last years of his life that were associated with the fact that he constantly tried to rethink everything he lived and enjoyed and hated. His state of recent years was as follows - he did not want to argue with his fate. To some extent, as critics of our time think, he had a presentiment of his death. Maybe that's why he didn't want to think that fate could be changed. He was very pessimistic.

Literally a few months before the duel, which was a fatal harbinger of Lermontov’s death, the poet himself wrote a poem entitled “I go out alone on the road...”. This work, unlike many others written at that time, turned out to be not so pessimistic. It shows how lonely the author of the work is. His soul simply cries out for someone who could understand him, make him happier, and not so lonely. But does such a person exist, be it a woman or a man? Lermontov almost never met anyone like him throughout his life. In the poem, the poet describes all the beauties of nature, and not just nature - but night nature. After all, the night is full of hidden sadness and beauty. Not everyone will be able to see something beautiful and mysterious in the night. But, if he can, he just saw happiness with his own eyes.

Lermontov’s work not only describes beautiful nature, but also hides its own specific meaning. The writer meant that even the bright stars, which seem so proud and unapproachable, communicate and are friends with each other in the sky. And a writer - a person who is endowed with all abilities and talents - cannot find something that will become his meaning in life. People are given more than other creatures, but sometimes it is people who endure more pain and loneliness, as if in compensation for their abilities and capabilities. Lermontov emphasizes well that his ability to enjoy life just like that - without reason, simply almost no longer exists. After all, many circumstances contributed to this. Individuality is what especially emanates from Lermontov’s works.

The poet’s entire poem seems to be built on contrast - the contrast between nature and himself. After all, how different they are - sky, nature and night - and a person who, being among millions of people, is still alone. Lermontov is in fact a person who is not so pessimistic, but it is precisely this state in the last days of his life that indicates that he nevertheless had a presentiment of his imminent end of life.

The image that is the Black Man in Yesenin’s poem of the same name in many ways resembles something like conscience. Only as befits a hooligan and an alcoholic and Yesenin’s black conscience

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  • Lermontov's late lyrics are filled with the deepest feeling of loneliness. Almost every line sounds the lyrical hero’s desire to finally find a kindred soul, to know him. The poem “I go out alone on the road” is one of the most recent. Its author wrote it already in 1841, on the eve of his death.

    An analysis of the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road” should be carried out in the context of Lermontov’s entire work, because, in essence, his lyrics are an expanded poetic diary.

    Plan

    To analyze any poetic text, you need to follow a plan. First, you should determine the theme and idea of ​​the work. Secondly, you need to pay attention to the history of the creation of the text, a dedication to someone. You also need to determine the genre and other formal features, such as meter, rhyme, and rhythm. The penultimate stage is the search and characterization of the style and language of the work. And in the final part of the analysis, you should express your attitude to the text, describe what feelings and emotions it evokes. The poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road” should be written in the form of a composition or an essay, and not simply list the characteristic features of the text point by point.

    Theme and idea of ​​the work

    The poem belongs to the category. Its theme is human life, its meaning. In the center of the image are the emotional experiences of the lyrical hero. He asks himself questions about the life he has lived, about what was bad and good, what still awaits him. The idea of ​​the poem is that a lonely person, such as the lyrical hero, finds peace only when he connects with nature. His cherished dream is to find peace, in which life would be hidden in all its colors and manifestations.

    Genre features and other characteristics of the text

    An analysis of the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road” confirms that it belongs to the poem. Its meditative character brings it somewhat closer to elegy. The lines of the work sound smooth and melodic. The poetic meter chosen by Lermontov is trochee pentameter. Long lines give the text a special sound. In each stanza the author uses alternating masculine and feminine.

    Semantic analysis of the poem “I go out alone on the road” (briefly). Means of artistic expression

    Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov provides extensive fields for analysis, because it is full of meanings and symbols, the language of the work is very original, rich and rich in means of poetic expressiveness.

    First stanza

    In the first stanza of the text, the motif of loneliness immediately begins to sound clearly. The numeral “one” is found in many of the poet’s poems, and it is intended to show that on Earth, besides himself, there is no one else, no kindred spirit. The last two lines of this stanza sound very beautiful, showing that, unlike the soul of the lyrical hero, beauty and harmony reign in the world. If in the poet’s early lyrics there was no harmony even in nature, now the world appears before him (and the reader) as a single whole. The moon illuminates his path, the earth sleeps in the radiance of the heavens, and the stars communicate with each other. In order to enhance the effect of what has been said, the author uses a vivid personification: “The desert listens to God / And star speaks to star.” The image of the desert that appears at the beginning of the work is significant. The world is huge, and it is open to the hero.

    Second stanza

    In the second stanza, the lyrical hero draws a parallel between his feelings and what is happening in the world. Again the personification of nature: “The earth is sleeping.” The harmony of nature, its balance are opposed to what is in the poet’s soul. No, there is no storm there, as there was in the early lyrics. Now it is as calm there as in the natural world around him, but it is “painful and difficult” for him. Rhetorical questions addressed to oneself enhance the psychological component of the poem. An analysis of the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road” by Lermontov confirms that the later lyrics are much more tragic than the youthful ones. After all, the hero does not challenge society and the world, he simply begins to realize that he does not expect anything more from life. It is the image of the road that prompts thoughts about his past and future for the lyrical hero.

    Third stanza

    Here the poet is completely immersed in his “I”. It is very important to follow the composition of the work, changes in mood, and the movement of the poet’s thoughts. Therefore, it is better to carry out a verse-by-strophe analysis of the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road.” Lermontov in the third stanza of his work again turns to himself; many parallels can be drawn with the poet’s earlier poems. Expecting nothing, not regretting the past, he finally wants peace. But in his early work, the lyrical hero desired a “storm”, trying to find calm in it. What has changed now? Almost nothing, but we learn about this only in the fourth stanza. In the meantime, the poet’s freedom appears only as oblivion and sleep.

    Fourth stanza

    Here the author gives an idea of ​​what an ideal existence is for him. Lermontov skillfully focuses on his requirements for “sleep” by using anaphora in the last lines. Analysis of the poem “I go out alone on the road” (namely the fourth stanza) proves that only minor changes have occurred in the poet.

    Fifth stanza

    The finale of the work completes the picture of an ideal existence for the poet. All around him is peaceful nature, and he hears a pleasant voice singing to him about love. This is what Lermontov lacked throughout his life. Peace, in which there would be both movement and life itself in its main manifestation - love. With these words we can complete the analysis of the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road.” Lermontov was able to fit into a few stanzas the results of his entire poetic creativity and express his ideas about an ideal life. Nature, love, poetry - all of this for the author was a necessary component of life (this is what makes him in common with Pushkin).

    Analysis of the poem “I go out alone on the road” by M.Yu. Lermontov’s work would not be complete without mentioning that the work contained stunning pictures of nature, deep philosophical thoughts, and a stylistically precise poetic language.

    “I go out alone on the road” is one of the last poems by Lermontov, who, as if anticipating his death, expressed everything that was in his soul. The proposed brief analysis of “I Go Out Alone on the Road” according to plan will help you understand the depth and significance of this work. It can be used in a literature lesson in 6th grade as the main material.

    Brief Analysis

    History of creation- the poem was written shortly before Lermontov’s death in a duel, in 1841, and published posthumously, in 1843 (the magazine “Domestic Notes”).

    Composition– simple, the thought develops sequentially from the first stanza to the fifth.

    Genre- philosophical lyrics.

    Poetic size– pentameter trochee with anapestic moves.

    Epithets– “siliceous path”, “cold dream”, “quiet voice”.

    Inversion- “blue radiance”.

    Personification- “the desert listens to God,” “star speaks to star.”

    Oxymoron- “light sadness.”

    History of creation

    Lermontov’s poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road” was written in the late spring - early summer of 1841, that is, shortly before he died in a duel like his idol, Pushkin. In it, as in other works of the late period, all the typical features of Lermontov’s poetry are clearly visible. The history of its creation is closely connected with the inner quest of the poet, who wanted to find true freedom. At the same time, he emphasizes that he would not want to fall asleep in the “cold sleep of the grave” - Lermontov seemed to have a presentiment that such a sad fate awaited him.

    Like many of the poet’s last poems, this was published after his death, in 1843, in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski.

    Composition

    Lermontov uses the most simple sequential composition, which helps to follow the thought and see what experiences are overwhelming him. Thus, in the first stanza, the lyrical hero raises the motive of loneliness, which is all the more bitter because even the stars can talk to each other - this idea is directly expressed and emphasized in the second stanza. The third stanza demonstrates the dreams of the lyrical hero, who is looking for freedom and at the same time peace, and the fourth and fifth decipher what is meant - a person wants to connect with nature and sleep in a wonderful, peaceful sleep under its auspices.

    Subject

    The central theme is loneliness, which runs through all the work of Lermontov, who acutely felt that no one understood him. At the same time, the poet raises the topic of life and death, emphasizing the idea that, despite being tired of people, he would still like to feel the fullness of life, but not like other people, but in unity with nature. He also seems to be summing up his life, asking himself whether he is waiting for something or, perhaps, regretting what happened in the past.

    He wants to change his life, he expects peace and love, he glorifies everything that exists and does not even regret the bad things that happened over the past years. At the same time, the lyrical hero, personifying the poet himself, speaks about death with a calmness that is surprising for a person of his age.

    Genre

    This is a classic example of the genre of philosophical lyrics. Despite the fact that many thoughts are expressed by Lermontov with the help of images of nature, he cannot be classified as landscape lyricism - all descriptions here are necessary in order to convey the feelings of the lyrical hero (not related to nature), to help to better feel them.

    The verse is written in trochee pentameter, in which anapestic moves can be traced, with the help of which the rhythm is slightly confused, helping to imitate a person. The final rhythmic completeness of the work is given by the alternation of male and female rhymes.

    This work reflects the thoughts of the poet, who would like to continue to live in peace and happiness - and in some way this happened, because Lermontov’s soul remained to live in his works.

    Means of expression

    In this complex philosophical poem, Lermontov used a variety of means of expression. They may seem quite simple, but in fact they completely solve the artistic problem, expressing the thoughts that worried the poet at the time of writing. The poem contains:

    • epithets– “siliceous path”, “cold dream”, “quiet voice”, “dark oak”;
    • inversion– “blue radiance”;
    • personification- “the desert listens to God,” “star speaks to star”;
    • oxymoron- “light sadness.”

    Rhetorical questions also serve as auxiliary means: “Are I waiting for what?” Do I regret anything? ” and exclamations - “I am looking for freedom and peace! I would like to forget myself and fall asleep! “. They give the poem expression and emphasize the emotional coloring of certain stanzas.

    “I go out alone on the road” is one of the most famous poems by M. Yu. Lermontov. Its significance in the poet’s work was recognized by the author’s contemporaries, but it’s a pity not during Mikhail Yuryevich’s lifetime. To this day, “I’m Coming Out...” attracts with its imagery, depth, brevity and musicality. The latter is worth mentioning separately, because there are more than two dozen romance interpretations of this poem. This work can rightfully be considered key to understanding the author’s work, because it combines the main themes, literary hobbies, and personal experiences of the creator.

    M. Yu. Lermontov spent the last months of his life in the Caucasus, on the territory of Mineralnye Vody. The poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road” was written during this period, in 1841. The poet took a leave of absence from his service; he wanted to spend as much time as possible in his favorite places. Such data allow us to consider the work to some extent topographical: the image of a road, a “flint path”.

    This work was born shortly before the fatal duel with Martynov, which makes many of Lermontov’s admirers think about the poet’s anticipation of his imminent death. The poem was not published during the author’s lifetime, but was published only in 1843. The great critic of that time, V. Belinsky, considered this poem one of the best works of Mikhail Yuryevich.

    Genre and size

    Lermontov himself did not give a special genre definition to the work “I’m leaving...”, but some motifs of the poem allow it to be classified as specific genres.

    You can see the features of elegy here. The meter of the poem is trochee pentameter, but the author gives it an inimitable melodiousness. The second reason to consider this poem an elegy is the motive of searching for peace, perhaps even eternal.

    The poem belongs to philosophical lyrics, since the author asks a number of rhetorical questions concerning his life and its meaning.

    The sincerity with which the poet expresses his monologue gives the poem “I’m leaving...” a confessional character, as if this is the hero’s farewell to the world to which he is enlightening with his last revelation.

    This polyphony of genres makes the poem unique, complex and multifaceted, which allows it to be read each time with different intonation and different understanding.

    Composition

    The poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road” consists of five stanzas numbered by the author. The composition of the work is three-part.

    1. It begins with a description of the nature surrounding the lyrical hero. The author talks about its extraterrestrial, cosmic essence.
    2. From the middle of the second stanza, the author changes the pictorial mode to a philosophical one: he wonders about his life, his aspirations.
    3. The peak of climactic tension occurs in the central – third – stanza: “I don’t expect anything from life.”
    4. In the last two quatrains there is a denouement, a certain drop in tension. In them, the author indulges in dreams, finds the necessary vector along which his soul wants to move.
    5. Thus, the composition of the work cannot but admire the masterful, incredibly rational and harmonious presentation of thoughts dictated to the poet by inspiration.

      Direction

      “I Go Out Alone on the Road” is one of the characteristic poems of late romanticism. One might say that here the poet sums up his life's journey; The work reflected both his literary hobbies and the main themes of the Romantic era. The search for peace, the fading of life, also worries such poets as Heine and Pushkin. For example, Lermontov in the poem “I’m leaving...” enters into a dialogue with one of his favorite poets, G. Heine. The last stanza has a direct reference to the poem “Death is a night, a cool dream,” where the author dreams of a bed with a tree growing above it, and the singing of a young nightingale heard through sleep.

      Another romantic feature is the motif of wandering, which Lermontov developed in his poem "". Only the hero is presented differently: he is not a young rebel, but a mature thinker.

      The image of a lyrical hero

      In the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road,” Lermontov creates the image of a romantic hero. He appears to the reader contemplating harmonious, majestic nature. The hero’s surrounding world is serene, but what is his inner world like? The narrator does not find peace in his soul. No, he does not suffer from unfulfilled desires or the impossibility of love. This was all characteristic of youthful experiences and early romanticism. Lermontov’s character is not looking for adventures or new worlds, but for “freedom and peace.” This is already an adult, fully formed personality, behind whom there is a lot of life experience, a lot of disappointments, but he now has enough wisdom not to regret the past. The poem speaks of a new stage in his life: he looks at things in a new way, does not strive for the stars, but admires their greatness, wants to comprehend their secret. He dreams of a dream that would relieve the tension that has accumulated over many years from his once rebellious soul.

      Themes

    • Wandering. The image of the road that appears from the first lines of the poem can be interpreted as an allegory of the path of life. Where will he lead the wanderer? The unknown torments everyone, but the most important thing is to have a goal in life. Wandering is typical for a romantic hero. Here the character is looking for oblivion, a refuge for his lonely, tired soul.
    • Loneliness. A wanderer hero cannot be a happy family man or the “life of the party” - he can only be lonely. But he feels the need for love. Does he believe in her? Do you hope to meet again? Yes, but now this feeling is associated not with passion and excitement, but with affection and peace.
    • Nature. The poet uses the epithets “solemn” and “wonderful” for objects associated with nature. He realizes its dignity and greatness, wants to learn from nature so that the same internal balance will be in his soul.
    • Idea

      Lermontov was inspired by the popular thought of the era of romanticism - the closeness of man and nature. Sometimes storms and hurricanes happen, and a person becomes worried and scared. But often in the evening hour there comes an unshakable silence, cloudlessness, when the whole cosmos opens up to the human gaze. Evening: the end of the day - the end of life. The tree in the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road” is an oak - life, its development and continuation. This combination of symbolism makes the reader understand that the hero is aware of the finitude of his path, feels the inevitability of, perhaps, imminent death, but desperately does not want such an outcome: the character dreams of a different kind of peace, but fate is inevitable.

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    In many of Lermontov’s poems - “The Cliff”, “It Stands Lonely in the Wild North”, “Sail”, “It’s Boring, and Sad, and There’s No One to Give a Hand...” - there are motifs of sadness and loneliness. But this motif is especially noticeable in the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road.”

    Before the poet left for Pyatigorsk, V.F. Odoevsky gave him a notebook with the wish to write it all down. After Lermontov’s death, this book was discovered, among other poems there was “I Go Out Alone on the Road.”

    From the very beginning, the poet’s tone amazes with its sublimity, even some kind of solemnity. A night landscape opens to our eyes, simple - and at the same time majestic.

    I go out alone on the road;
    Through the fog the flinty path shines;
    The night is quiet. The desert listens to God,
    And star speaks to star.

    This sublime intonation of the poet hints at the deep meaning of this landscape. The road here is also the hero’s life path, the path that is predetermined from above and on which each of us is alone. Everyone has their own destiny, and only the person himself can fulfill what is destined for him. And already in the first quatrain, a still barely noticeable alarming, disturbing motif of the unknown, uncertainty arises: the hero sees his “path” “through the fog”, his life’s road is difficult (“the flinty path”).

    Then this motive in the poem grows, begins to sound clearer and more definite: silence and peace reign in nature, but in the soul of the lyrical hero there is chaos, vague, unclear melancholy. He is “hurt” and “difficult,” but in his feelings and thoughts there is still the same uncertainty, “fog,” the hero cannot understand the reasons for his condition:

    It’s solemn and wonderful in heaven!
    The earth sleeps in a blue glow...
    Why is it so painful and so difficult for me?
    Am I waiting for what? Do I regret anything?

    He associates his feelings with regrets about the past (“Do I regret anything?”) and an anxious premonition of the future (“Am I waiting for what?”). The life of the lyrical hero, as it were, focuses this living connection of times in the form of his feelings. The hero’s mind breaks this temporary connection:

    I don't expect anything from life,

    And I don’t regret the past at all;

    I'm looking for freedom and peace!

    I would like to forget myself and fall asleep!

    The lyrical hero wants to escape reality into the world of “freedom and peace.” He would like to “forget himself and fall asleep.” Here the motif of oblivion, which runs through all of Lermontov’s work, seems very important. As D. P. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky notes, like Pechorin, who “does not forget anything and is always under the yoke of his past,” the poet also “remembers everything,” and everything he experienced resonates so painfully in his soul that he sees no other peace , as soon as in death."

    However, in the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road,” this motif does not merge with the motif of death. The dream here does not cause us associations with death, it is not the “cold sleep of the grave.” On the contrary, life in him seems stronger, more powerful and joyful than in the hero’s real life:

    But not that cold sleep of the grave...

    I would like to sleep like this forever,

    So that the strength of life slumbers in the chest,

    So that, breathing, your chest rises quietly;

    So that all night, all day, cherishing my hearing,

    Above me so that, forever green,

    The dark oak bowed and made noise.

    This image of the ever-greening mighty oak tree is especially significant here. Oak is a symbol of the strength of life, its eternity and inviolability. Everything in this dream speaks of life, and not of death: the “sweet voice” singing about love, and the quiet breathing of the hero, and his sensitive hearing. Here the hero is full of strength, energy, inspiration, there is no longer a tragic discord of feelings in his soul. At the beginning of the poem, he strives to “get away from life”; at the end, “life catches up with him”, and he trusts it.

    Compositionally, the poem, written in trochee pentameter, is divided into two parts. The first part is a landscape, the second part is a description of the feelings of the lyrical hero. These parts are opposed. However, the ending of the poem corresponds to its beginning - there a harmonious, peaceful picture of nature again appears, and the sharpness of the contrast softens. The ending thus completes the circle here.

    The beauty and grace that reign in nature in the first part are emphasized by epithets and metaphors (“the night is silent”, “the earth sleeps in a blue radiance”), and “lofty” vocabulary (“the desert listens to God”). At the same time, another epithet already here sets the motive for the hero’s spiritual disharmony - “the flint path” recalls the difficulties of life’s path. In the second part, the hero’s feelings are emphasized by an epithet (“the cold sleep of the grave”), rhetorical questions (“Why is it so painful and so difficult for me? Am I waiting for something? Do I regret anything?”), inversion (“I don’t expect anything from life anymore.” "), anaphora ("I am looking for freedom and peace! I would like to forget myself and fall asleep!", "So that the strength of life slumbers in my chest, So that, breathing, my chest heaves quietly"), exclamatory sentences ("I am looking for freedom and peace!" ).

    The melodiousness of the poem is facilitated by alliteration (“So that all night, all day, cherishing my ears, A sweet voice would sing to me about love”) and assonance (“But not that cold sleep of the grave”). The melody and rhythm of the poem are also determined by its caesura (the presence of pauses), which divide the poetic line into two halves (“The night is quiet. // The desert listens to God”). The poem was set to music and became a famous romance.

    Thus, the lyrical hero finds the desired oblivion in the natural world. And this is a feature characteristic of many of the poet’s works. Lermontov “turned to nature in the same way as to the living principle, seeking in it an answer to the troubling questions of his spirit or sympathy for himself in moments of acute sensation and heartfelt anguish.”