Polushkina Olesya Mikhailovna
Lesson summary on the topic “Water Safety”

Program content:

Target:

Forming the Foundations water safety.

Tasks:

Educational: formation in children of ideas about safe behavior on the pond;

Developmental: develop the ability to meaningfully perceive danger on a body of water. Reinforce knowledge of basic life-saving equipment. Develop attention, thinking, speech.

Educational: cultivate a sense of caution, responsible behavior for your life and the lives of others.

Health saving tasks: ensuring emotional well-being in the process classes, timely change of the static position of children, the use of finger gymnastics.

Methods and techniques:

Visual:, multimedia presentation;

Verbal: making assumptions, answering questions, dialogue;

Game: gaming situation: merman helps to remember the rules, word game;

Progress of direct educational activities

Children enter the office.

Guys, I want to ask, what’s your mood? I suggest you lift each other's spirits with a smile. Let's smile at each other, and I'm sure your mood will improve. (Smile). Has your mood improved now? This is very good! Guys, a letter has arrived at our kindergarten.

There is a large bright envelope on the table. The envelope contains cut-out pictures depicting a river, pond, sea, lake, a letter and a flash card. The teacher takes out the contents from the envelope.

Educator: Guys, who is the envelope from, do you want to know? Then stand in pairs, collect the pictures, and I will insert the flash card into the computer and read the letter.

Slide2 image of Vodyanoy. The teacher reads the letter.

Hello guys! I love summer very much, but in summer I have a lot of work. Clean the reservoirs, place buoys in the right places, place prohibiting or permitting signs near the reservoirs.

Do you like to swim in a lake, pond, river or sea in the summer? (children's answers)

I want you to know the rules of behavior on the water. After all, a lot of adults and children drown in bodies of water.

Many people pollute shores and water bodies by throwing garbage near the shores. But, this is very bad. If they knew the rules well, there would be no deaths on water.

Conversation « Water safety»

Educator: What needs to be done to ensure bathing safe. What rules must be followed?

-The most important rule: When we swim, adults should be nearby.

Educator:Both adults and children want say:

You should not dive in an unfamiliar place

The river may turn out to be very shallow...

And it’s dangerous to stick your head into the sand!

Branches, stones, glass hid at the bottom -

It is difficult to notice them in the depths of water...

A teacher and children are doing conclusion: You cannot swim in an unfamiliar place. The river bottom can be fraught with many dangers.

Educator: To avoid losing your life, do not swim behind the buoys!

A teacher and children are doing conclusion: Buoy - float, surround a place with a proven bottom. You can swim in this place, but you cannot swim behind them. The bottom behind the buoys can be dangerous - you can get hurt, there is great depth, and also swimming behind the buoys, you can get hit by a sea or river vessel passing by.

Educator: If you're going to have fun at water,

Make sure that the joke does not lead to trouble...

Don't drown someone else - it may turn out

What happens, a friend swallows water,

And the game is so sad to end...

We don't want you to drown in the river!

A teacher and children are doing conclusion: Under no circumstances should you grab each other while swimming. It is very dangerous. A person can choke and drown.

Educator: I ask you to remember that children and adults are not allowed

swim far on inflatable mattresses.

The circle or mattress may become leaky...

Who will have time to save you from the abyss?

And it’s easy to capsize on the waves...

A teacher and children are doing conclusion: The wind or current may carry you far from the shore, or air may escape from the mattress and it will not be able to support you. water.

Educator: During a thunderstorm, you need to move away from the body of water.

Boat accompanied by an adult

Educator: On the high bank,

Children don't play!

The ground disappears from under your feet

Maybe you should know!

And straight down from the cliff

Fly into the water...

And will remain screaming:

“People, help!

Didactic game "Rules of conduct for water»

Educator: Let's once again state the rules of conduct for water.

Children take cards and say the rules again safe behavior on the water

Didactic game "Find the necessary rescue items".

Educator: What rescue equipment will we use to safe swimming in the water?

The children have cards with objects in front of them; they need to select the ones they need and tell them what they are used for.

Fizminutka

Drop one, drop two, very slowly at first

And then, then, then - all running, running, running (running in a circle holding hands)

The drops began to keep up, the drops began to catch up with the drops (clap hands on each word)

Drip-drip, drip-drip (free movement of fingers)

Let’s quickly open our umbrellas and protect ourselves from the rain. (join hands above head)

Word game "Yes or no".

Educator: And now the merman has prepared a game for you. It's called "Yes or no". If the answer "Yes", clap your hands and nod. If "No", stamp your feet and wag your finger.

1. Can I swim under adult supervision?

2. Is it possible to swim behind the buoys?

3. Can we grab each other’s legs and arms and put each other’s heads into the water?

4. Can I splash water on my face?

5. Can I swim along the shore?

6. Do I need to ask my parents for permission to swim?

7. Is it forbidden to jump into the water and dive?

8. Call for help for no reason?

9. Is it possible to swim far from the shore on an inflatable mattress?

Educator: Guys, what does this sign mean? (swimming is prohibited).

Ponds are good at any time of the year. And in dangerous places in the reservoir there should be such a sign. Today we will make such signs and give them to the waterman.

Children making a prohibition sign "Swimming is prohibited". Stick a floating man onto the blue circles. Glue red stripes crosswise.

Educator: The signs are ready. Guys, the merman and his inhabitants of rivers, ponds and lakes will put these signs near reservoirs!

And you will be attentive and careful on bodies of water. You will follow the rules and teach these rules to adults. And the reminders from the merman, which you will give to your parents, will help you!

The teacher distributes booklets to parents « Water safety» .

The safety of children on the water depends entirely on their parents. The kingdom of Neptune is by no means as welcoming to humans as it might seem at first glance. Even despite the smooth and relatively calm surface, the bottom of reservoirs can be uneven, muddy, and in some places there are strong currents and whirlpools. Therefore, the first rule, which must be followed by all lovers of active recreation on the seashore, for example, a river or lake, without exception, sounds like this: you can swim only in places designated for such purposes. Up to primary school age, children take water procedures only under the supervision of adults, and mothers and fathers (or grandparents, etc.) keep a vigilant eye on them. Older children can already swim on their own, but they must be aware of measures to prevent accidents on the water, know the basics of first aid, be able to provide it, identify a drowning person, etc. You need to start instilling this information in them from a very young age. Explaining and showing with examples, sharing personal experience and not being afraid to talk about the consequences. What should parents know about the safety of their children while swimming in reservoirs and what should they teach the younger generation in order to avoid unpleasant consequences from communicating with the water element?

• Water procedures can be carried out no earlier than an hour and a half after eating.
• It is not recommended to swim in water if its temperature is below 16 degrees, as this may result in loss of consciousness and convulsions.
• If the air has warmed up to 25 degrees, while the water temperature is about 18 degrees, the maximum time spent in the water can be no more than 15 minutes.
• You can only swim in specially designated places (usually they are fenced with buoys). But if you want to swim in a reservoir where there are no such places, you need to take the choice of a swimming area seriously - the depth is no more than 2 meters, the bottom is flat, and the flow speed should not exceed more than half a meter per second, the reservoir is in no case swampy.
• Adults need to carefully check the bottom and constantly monitor the bathing process of children, who should be close to the shore.

If adults are drunk, swimming is strictly prohibited for both the parents and their children. Because complete and vigilant control in this situation is no longer possible.

In order to avoid accidents on the water, parents need to follow simple rules themselves, and be sure to voice these rules to the younger members of the family every time before going to the beach.

Basic Rules

1. You cannot swim beyond the buoys, and if there are none, swim far from the shores.
2. It is prohibited to swim near ships, boats, cutters, steamers, etc.
3. It is prohibited to jump into water in places where the place is unfamiliar or the depth is shallow.
4. You can jump into the water only from specially equipped areas.
5. After a long and intense heat exposure, you should not take a running jump into cold water, as this can lead to cardiac arrest or loss of consciousness. To prevent such consequences, you should rinse before swimming.
6. It is prohibited to swim during strong waves or storms.
7. You cannot swim in bodies of water on the banks of which there are large quantities of large stones or reinforced concrete slabs; over time, they become overgrown with moss, and entering or exiting the water along them can be quite difficult and unsafe.
8. Special inflatable rings and mattresses are not intended for swimming far from the shore.
9. Under no circumstances should you play games where you need to capture or hold an opponent in the water - this is life-threatening.
10. The time spent in water should be limited depending on the temperature of both elements - water and air.

Video “Child safety rules on water”

Memos in verses and pictures

It is clear that if you give your child a mournful lecture about what is forbidden to do and where to swim, the child is unlikely to remember all these wisdom so easily. But there are a lot of different materials on water safety for children. These include poems, reminders in pictures, and methodological developments, including games and visual aids on this topic.

Information offered to a child in a playful form will remain in his memory for a long time. Take, for example, the reminders offered below. Clear, visual, interesting. Yes, and rhymes and sayings are quite easy to remember.

Behavior in critical situations

Often, accidents occur due to the fault of the swimmers themselves, who begin to panic and lose control of the situation. You need to learn to relax by floating passively on the surface of the water. To do this, roll over onto your back and spread your limbs slightly to the sides, and if the body begins to sink lower, then it must be kept afloat with the help of light movements.

Don't panic

• If while swimming in a pond you accidentally become entangled in algae, remain calm. To get rid of them, you should make soft and smooth movements directly near the surface of the water.
• If you find yourself in a whirlpool, you should take in the maximum possible amount of air into your lungs and dive into the water, first vertically, and then sharply turn away from the whirlpool.
• There is no point in swimming against a strong current if you accidentally fall into it. You should swim along it, and row at an angle, gradually approaching land. Along the shore you can return to your vacation spot.
• If you swim in the sea or ocean, you may encounter an effect called “backdraft channel.” This is the area where the wave's current is reversed. If you get into such a place, you will be carried further and further from the shore. In such circumstances, you need to swim along the coastline and only return to land as this phenomenon fades. To return faster, you can use the force of the waves that will push you towards the shore.

How to get rid of cramps?

As soon as you begin to feel that a particular muscle is cramping, you need to urgently leave the pond. In a situation where you find yourself far from the shore and there is no way to quickly swim to it, several self-help methods will greatly help you. You will have to work them out in advance, even before going to the beach.

• Cramps always go away when the muscle is pierced with a sharp object, such as a needle or pin. For this reason, swimmers planning to swim long distances always put a safety pin on their swimming suit. But the best way to avoid this phenomenon is not to swim far.
• If weak short-term cramps and a feeling of weakness appear, you should roll over onto your back, relaxing your legs and arms, and swim in this position to the shore.
• If you feel that a cramp has cramped your fingers, then the following will help - squeeze them, and then sharply move your hands forward, unclenching your hands.
• When a cramp cramps your calves, you need to take a bent position, and take the affected leg by the heel and pull it towards you, closer to your stomach and chest.
• When you feel a cramp in your thigh muscle, grab the outside of your ankle (closer to the heel) and forcefully pull it back toward your back.

Be sure to practice doing exercises to quickly get rid of cramps at home or before swimming with your children. This will help ensure that they are doing everything correctly.

You should always remember that the best prevention of such an unpleasant phenomenon as a cramp is to follow basic safety measures - you should not swim far or stay in cold water for too long.

First aid for drowning

You need to know that a drowning person almost never makes any sounds, much less screams, as is usually shown in the movies. The fact is that when water gets into the respiratory tract, a person strives to inhale at least a little air, and as soon as possible, but he cannot scream.

The following may indicate that a swimmer is drowning:

• wide eyes;
• alternate immersion and resurfacing;
• erratic body movements;
• the man flounders and strives to swim to the shore.

How to help a drowning person?

1. You should swim to it along the shortest route if you are on the shore. Remember the place where you saw the person and the most characteristic nearby object of the territory - this is necessary in order to know approximately where to look for the drowning person if he goes under water.
2. You need to prepare in advance a lifebuoy or any other swimming equipment that will greatly facilitate the transportation of a drowning person and will save your energy.
3. Remember that you can save the life of a drowned person within seven minutes after he loses consciousness.
4. If the victim reacts normally to you, you need to calm him down and force him to hold his shoulders from the back, and swim breaststroke towards the shore. When a person behaves inappropriately, you need to grab him from behind (you can also grab him by the hair, but so that his head is on the surface).
5. If the victim is unconscious, they take him by the chin and swim with him to the shore, the main thing is that his face is above the water.

Compliance with safety measures is not cowardice, but rational caution. If someone ignores them, this is not a reason to commit the same stupidity. Be wise and teach this wisdom to your children. Then you will only get pleasure from family holidays near bodies of water, without worrying about the consequences.

MUNICIPAL PRESCHOOL

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION KINDERGARTEN OF GENERAL DEVELOPMENTAL TYPE No. 9 “COSMOS”

MUNICIPALITY

CITY DISTRICT of Lyubertsy MOSCOW REGION

Abstract

Direct educational activities

"Water Safety"

Educator: Vardanyan Hasmik Anushavanovna

Lyubertsy, 2017/2018

Target: formation in the younger generation of a conscious, responsible attitude towards personal safety and those around them (preparatory group)

Program content:

Tasks:

Educational:

Instilling in children the skills of safe behavior on water and near water, on ice.

Strengthen knowledge of basic life-saving equipment

Educational:

Development of children's creative abilities, fine motor skills;

Strengthen the ability to work with scissors, glue and waste material

Educational:

Cultivate restraint, perseverance and accuracy.

Materials: blue Whatman paper, scissors, glue, pencil, sponges, fleece.

Progress of the lesson

Educator:

Music from the program WHAT? WHERE? WHEN?

Educator: On November 16 at 10-30 I invite you to the club of experts on WHAT? WHERE? WHEN? Today the preparatory group “BEAR” of kindergarten No. 96 is taking part in the game. (Children sit at the game table)

The know-it-all found out that you will soon go to school and decided to gather a “club of experts.” He sent us questions that you will have to answer. And our topic will be “safe behavior on bodies of water.” Look, envelopes with questions are laid out on the gaming table. Using a top, you need to determine which question should be answered.

Water is a good friend and helper of man. Let's listen to N. Ryzhova's poem "Magic Water", which will be read by Rita Kaplun

Rita: Have you heard about water?

They say she is everywhere!

You will find her in the pond

and in a damp forest swamp.

In a puddle, in the sea, in the ocean

and water tap.

Like an icicle freezes

Fog creeps into the forest

It's boiling on your stove,

The kettle steam hisses.

We can't wash ourselves without it

Don't eat, don't get drunk!

I dare to report to you:

We can't live without her.

Educator: Where can we find water in nature? (children's answers)

Educator: That's right. In a pond, in a reservoir, lake, ocean, river, rain, etc.

Today we will talk to you about safe behavior near bodies of water in winter and summer.

So our game begins. Experts, are you ready? (children's answer)

First round (the top spins, where the teacher stops, takes the envelope and reads the task).

Imagine you come to the shore of a river or lake in the summer. Agree, it’s hot, sunny, you want to swim. Splash, swim. Can you swim? (children's answers.) The ability to float on water is necessary for any person. It was not for nothing that the ancient Greeks considered those people who could not read and swim to be illiterate.

So the question is? Remember and use the cards to tell us the rules of behavior on the water? (there are pictures on the table, children must take and tell the rules)

(The teacher comments and adds or asks leading questions as the children answer))

There is no need to swim in an unfamiliar place, especially where there are no other swimmers.

You can't run into the water without knowing its bottom. After all, the bottom of a river or lake can be fraught with many dangers: submerged snags, broken glass, sharp tins, deep holes.

Before you go into the water, look at what it looks like. If the color and smell are not the same as usual, you should not swim in it.

You can only swim if accompanied by an adult.

You cannot dive or swim far in unfamiliar places.

Rules of behavior on the water (cards)

1. Swim only under adult supervision.

2. do not swim in unfamiliar places

3. You can only swim in specially equipped places.

4. When swimming, do not grab each other's arms and legs.

Educator: Well done! Remember the rules of conduct on a pond. Let's continue playing.

Second round (the top spins, where the teacher stops, takes the envelope and reads the task). But imagine, you and I came to a pond or lake in the summer and wanted to swim... question? What life-saving equipment will we use to swim safely on the water? (the children have cards with objects in front of them; they need to select the ones they need and tell them what they are used for)

Educator: Well done! Now we will follow the rules of swimming in the pond.

And we have the Third Round. (the top spins, where the teacher stops, takes the envelope and reads the assignment).

This is a tricky question. Connoisseurs should know everything about water. Guess the riddles.

1. She runs, flows

Silver in the sun

Bowed silently

There are thick willows above it. (river)

2.It is slightly covered with duckweed

The trickles don't flow

Enchanted as if in a fairy tale

Old, quiet... (pond)

3. A warm wave splashes

On shores made of cast iron

Guess, remember:

What kind of sea is in the room? (bath)

4. In a blue shirt

Runs along the bottom of the ravine.

(Stream)

5. There is water all around, but drinking is a problem.

(Sea).

6. It pours into it, pours out of it, and weaves itself along the ground.

(River).

7. Not the sea, not the land,

Ships don't float

But you can’t walk.

(Swamp)

8. She ran and made noise,

She fell asleep and began to sparkle.

(River under ice)

9. In the middle of the field lies a mirror,

The glass is blue, the frame is green.

(Lake, pond)

Educator: Good guys! We solved all the riddles.

But we continue. Fourth round (the top spins, where the teacher stops, takes the envelope and reads the task).

Game "Droplets"

Educator: Guys, imagine that you and I are droplets. All droplets are independent.

Children walk chaotically in circles.

Educator: But the droplets meet each other, and it turns out to be a trickle.

Children break into pairs and join hands. Couples move one after another

Educator: And now the stream flows and flows into the sea.

Children join hands and form a large circle.

Educator: Our circle can change shape, just like water

The circle of children stretches into an oval.

Educator: So, each of you is a drop of water. Your palms are so hot that it is no longer possible for you to hold each other’s hands. Your arms drop, the heat forces you to move more actively. Each of you has become a piece of steam.

Children run around the group.

Educator: And now they are freezing you, you are getting cold. We need to stand closer to each other and hug to make it warmer.

Children hug each other.

Educator: Well done. This is how water turns into ice. Let's take our seats.

Educator: The game continues.

And here we have the fifth round. (the top spins, where the teacher stops, takes the envelope and reads the assignment) Imagine a careless person walking on ice that is not yet strong. And suddenly he hears that the ice began to crack. What do you think he should do? (children’s answer)

In the spring, when the sun begins to warm up, the ice becomes loose, water seeps through it, flooding the tracks made on it.

So the question is? Explain the safety rules on the ice of a reservoir in winter

(there are pictures on the table, children must take and tell the rules)

(The teacher comments and adds or asks leading questions as the children answer)

1. Do not go out on thin ice at the beginning of winter and early spring.

2. Ice breaks silently in the spring, but with a crash and crunch at the beginning of winter.

3. Move on ice only along well-trodden paths.

4. You need to take a stick with you and test the path in front of you.

5. At the beginning of winter, the middle of the reservoir is most dangerous, and at the end, areas near the shore.

6. Ice is less durable where:

There are snowdrifts

Bushes are growing

The grass is frozen into the ice

The keys are beating

Fast current

A stream flows into a river

Waste water from a farm or factory flows into the reservoir.

Educator: “Experts” indeed. Everything was said correctly. Now in winter you and I will not find ourselves in trouble on the ice. Right?

Educator: But we continue. The top is spinning and we have

Sixth round. (the top spins, where the teacher stops, takes the envelope and reads the assignment).

Educator: We remembered the rules of conduct on a pond. But imagine that we saw a man drowning in a pond. What are we going to do with you? (children's answer). Right! Use life-saving equipment

We will use basic life-saving equipment.

(On the table in front of the children there are pictures depicting objects. It is necessary to choose the main life-saving equipment. And tell them how to use them.)

Well done. And they completed this task.

We have answered all your questions. Now I suggest you make a painting for our stand with your own hands. I invite you to come to the table where the materials and equipment for productive activities are located.

Now, you are definitely experts! And I can safely write to the Know-It-All that he can safely take the “Solnyshko” group into his “club of experts.”

Young children usually have no natural fear of water and therefore they boldly climb into it, completely unaware of the dangers that threaten them. Preschoolers are often unable to adequately assess the level of threat, which means that the main task of ensuring their safety on the water falls on their parents. Although, of course, children need to be familiarized with the rules of behavior in the summer. When conducting classes in a preschool educational institution or at home, it is always necessary to focus on the level of a preschooler. Children at this age really do not like a stereotyped approach, and even those the same age can vary greatly in development and mental acuity. Therefore, always take this fact into account, make maximum use of visual and gaming material, and also try to actively involve the preschoolers themselves in the lesson.

The site “Defender Bagheera” also recommends that parents read advice on protecting and raising children in the review “Psychological Safety of Children,” and teachers may be interested in the material “Kindergarten Conversations with Parents on Safety.”

– these are not only lessons for the youngest swimmers, but also for their parents. After all, the level of safety of the baby almost completely depends on the latter. Therefore, if classes are held with preschoolers in kindergarten, then it is advisable to add communication with parents to remind them of the basic rules of water safety in the summer. This will significantly reduce the number of tragic accidents, which very often occur due to the carelessness and negligence of adults.

Water safety rules for preschoolers - fun lessons

In our lessons we actively use simple, understandable safety rules, as well as poems, pictures and stories that explain them. For example, the verse:

We will splash in the water,

By the shore where mom put us,

We are not afraid of the depths at all,

We just aquatic people know the rules!

So, preschoolers need to clearly understand the following water safety rules:

• Do not go or swim deep into the water.
• You should not swim in the water without adult supervision.
• You cannot dive into water where it is shallow, where there is a hard or sharp bottom.
• Don't dive into the small inflatable pool.
• You cannot dive into the water from boats.
• You can dive into the water only where there is a good bottom, sufficient depth, and where you are allowed by adults who should be nearby.
• You should not walk along the edges of piers, piers, breakwaters or other places where you could fall into the water.
• You don't need to stay in the water for long, you can get very cold.
• When playing with children, it is forbidden to push them into the water or hold them under water, as they may choke.
• You cannot swim during bad weather.
• Rules for those who cannot swim or are poor swimmers - when swimming, use an inflatable ring, a vest, and arm pads.
• Do not swim far from the shore, even on an inflatable ring or a vest - it is dangerous. They may burst and you will begin to drown.
• If you see someone drowning or someone feeling bad, tell an adult about it.
• If you swallowed water, are cold, have a cramp, or just feel unwell, get out of the water!
• Be careful on the banks of a river, lake or sea, there may be holes even close to the shore.

We follow all the rules of swimming on the water,

Therefore we know that there will never be trouble.

We are obedient children, we love our parents,

And that’s why we know the rules, and we will never forget them!

Water safety rules for preschoolers - material for parents

Now is the time to talk to parents about water safety for preschoolers. Because kids are kids, and an adult must vigilantly control the process of bathing children, especially preschool age, when the child is still quite weak and disorganized and when he can drown in a matter of minutes.

Important water safety rules - swimming in large pools

• If your preschooler is already a good swimmer and diver, then do not allow him to dive in places where the depth is less than 2.5 meters.
• Do not allow preschoolers to swim alone, always stay at a distance of up to a meter from them and secure the kids with your hand, even if the child is swimming with an inflatable ring or vest.
• When swimming, try to always have a lifeguard or instructor on duty, but never rely only on them, remember that you are primarily responsible for the safety of your own child on the water.
• Make sure that the swimming routes of young children do not intersect with older ones, this can lead to injury.

Water safety rules for swimming - swimming in open water

• For swimming, use only circles and vests intended for use in open waters; they should have thicker walls and, preferably, several autonomous chambers. So that the child does not drown if one of them is punctured.
• Always be near a child who is in the water. Don't take your eyes off him. A preschooler can go underwater in a second and choke.
• Try not to take preschoolers on boats, pedal boats or other watercraft, as this can be dangerous. But even if you take your baby, always put a life jacket on him while still on the shore.
• Swim in specially designated areas with a clean, inspected bottom, and where there is a lifeguard and a medical center.
• But if you are swimming with children in nature, then choose a clean, shallow place with a current of less than 0.5 meters/second. First check the bottom yourself; it should not be squishy and without sharp objects. Always be near the kids.
• Do not allow preschoolers to swim far from the shore and dive in shallow places or where the bottom is unfamiliar.

Swimming water safety rules - swimming in inflatable pools

• Never allow children to dive into inflatable pools.
• Do not leave preschoolers unattended, even in a small basin. The baby can fall face first into the water and drown; his arms are still too weak for his body weight and therefore it is difficult for him to rise.
• Protect children from unauthorized access to the pool as much as possible so that they do not go swimming without permission. To do this, remove the ladder, install a barrier, leave no chairs on which you can climb inside, put a thick protective cover on the top (that will not fall under the weight of a child or two), or drain the water from the pool.
• A reliable barrier against children can be considered a barrier with a height of one and a half meters, in which either there are no horizontal crossbars, or they are too small to climb comfortably.
• If you have a large inflatable pool with a powerful drain and fill system, then make sure that the exhaust system does not create powerful pressure that could suck a child.

General safety rules for parents when bathing preschoolers

• Never swim in bad weather.
• Always explain to your children the rules of behavior on the water and do not set a bad example for them.
• Never take children swimming while intoxicated.
• Watch children swimming.
• Monitor your preschooler’s emotional state so that when he plays, he doesn’t drink too much water.

Water safety rules for preschoolers - summary

Parents also need to know the rules for rescuing drowning people, providing first aid: removing water from the lungs, artificial respiration and chest compressions. Please note that in the case of small children they are done slightly differently than with adults. And most importantly, keep in mind that most accidents happen precisely at the moment when adults are distracted for a “second”.

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MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION OF THE RF

GOU VPO "KRASNOYARSK STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER V.P. ASTAFIEV"

Graduate work

according to the profile "Life safety"

on the topic: Methodology for conducting classes on the topic: “Safe behavior on the water.”

Completed by: 5th year student

Shendarev Alexander Vladimirovich

Checked by: Senior Lecturer

Department of TIM Physical Culture and Lifestyle

Morozova Elena Fedorovna

Krasnoyarsk 2011

Content

• Introduction
• Water safety
• Subject "Winter river and geography of safety"
• Organization of educational work with students 5-11 grades of secondary school
• Approximate topics for events with students on safe behavior on the water
• Dangerous situations on the water
• Dangerous body of water
• Ice is dangerous!
• Water all around
• Organization of educational work with students of vocational education institutions
• First aid for drowning
• Information for teachers and students of high school and vocational education institutions
• Sequence of assistance in case of true drowning
• First aid for maintaining the gag and cough reflex
• First aid for a victim without signs of life
• The victim is in a state of dry (pale) drowning
• Resuscitation measures: artificial ventilation and chest compressions
• Mouth-to-nose method
• Used Books

Introduction

Every year, from 150 to 200 thousand people die on water in the world, mostly children. This is often the result of carelessness and non-compliance with the rules of behavior on the water. The life safety of children studying in educational institutions largely depends on the preventive work carried out by the institution’s staff.

The main causes of death: swimming while intoxicated and swimming in unequipped places. Children who do not know the dangers of water drown due to lack of parental control. Since the beginning of 2010, there have been 25 water accidents, killing 48 people. 19 victims were rescued, 18 people, including two children, died, 11 are considered missing." But, despite the fact that a month of water safety was declared in the region and the necessary measures were taken in 2010, more than 30 people, most of whom died in the cities of Koryazhma, Onega and Velsk.

The main causes of death on water are swimming in a prohibited or untested area, drinking alcohol and inability to swim, inability to control a watercraft and leaving children unattended. However, often a tragedy can be prevented if you follow simple water safety rules, which need to be learned and constantly repeated to both children and adults.

The problem of safe behavior on water is very acute and teachers can make a significant contribution in this direction through the organization of appropriate educational work with children and adolescents.

Water safety

Every citizen is obliged to provide all possible assistance to people in distress on the water.

What's a summer vacation without swimming? Melancholy, and that’s all. Especially when the sun is hot, the cool water of a pond or river, lake or quarry beckons and invites you to take a plunge.

Taking a dip and swimming is good, even healthy. But little things that both children and adults often forget can ruin all the fun.

Every year, from 10 to 15 thousand people die in Russian reservoirs!

Moreover, for reasons beyond their control, perhaps hundreds drown. The rest are due to their own stupidity, violating basic safety rules.

The main one is: if you don’t know the ford, don’t stick your nose into the water!

Well, why did you start swimming here? Hot? Well, yes, it will be cooler in the morgue, where you are so eager.

An increased danger for a person, unless, of course, he lives in the center of a waterless sandy desert, are bodies of water: sea coasts, rivers, lakes, ponds, quarries, etc. And even construction pits and trenches filled with water. Most often, accidents on the water are associated with swimming in random, unsuitable places, when crossing frozen bodies of water on ice, boating and other watercraft, etc. Who can guarantee that the body of water you chose for swimming is not used by unscrupulous drivers who are too lazy to take garbage to distant landfills, as a cesspool, at the bottom of which there can be anything. Jumping from above into such water is like diving into a trash can: you can easily run into a pile of broken bricks, a vertically protruding rod of metal reinforcement, or get tangled in a tangle of barbed wire that was not there yesterday.

What are you saying? That two days ago you swam here and nothing?

So that was two days ago!

There is no constant bottom topography in random bodies of water. Yesterday's lived-in beach can pose a mortal danger today. When planning to swim, especially if there are small children among you, do not be too lazy to check the condition of the bottom once again. This will save you from many troubles.

If you do not know how to swim, you should not overly trust yourself to inflatable mattresses, inner tubes and other available floating devices. Firstly, at the most inopportune moment they can burst. Secondly, the current and wind can carry you far from the shore. And it’s so very far out to sea!

There is a known case when a woman who had fallen asleep on an air mattress was carried away almost to the center of the Black Sea. She managed to cross the state border and drifted on her fragile boat without water or food for more than a week (!) until the border guards picked her up.

Here's your mattress!

Open bodies of water are certainly a source of danger, and therefore caution when bathing and swimming is fully justified. Swimming is only beneficial for healthy people, so check with your doctor to see if you can swim. The best time of day for swimming is 8-10 am and 17-19 pm. You should not swim earlier than an hour and a half after eating.

Adults should familiarize children with safety rules at water bodies before children go on camps, hikes, or picnics.

The ability to swim well is one of the most important guarantees of safe recreation on the water, but remember that even a good swimmer must exercise constant caution, discipline and strictly adhere to the rules of behavior on the water. You should rest before swimming. It is not recommended to enter the water when hot. Do not swim far from the shore, do not swim beyond warning signs. Swim in specially designated and equipped areas. Before swimming in unfamiliar places, inspect the bottom. Enter the water carefully, slowly, when the water reaches your waist, stop and quickly plunge into the water. Never swim alone, especially if you are not confident in your abilities. Do not give false distress signals.

Now about marathon swimmers. From this shore to the next world.

It is extremely dangerous to overestimate your strength. It is well known that people who are good swimmers and those who are bad swimmers are least likely to drown. Most of all - swimmers who believe that they are good swimmers. They feel quite confident in the water and because of this confidence, not confirmed by experience, they drown. Never consider yourself an excellent swimmer, and then, I promise, you will swim until you are old!

Swimming a child in open water is considered dangerous. But this does not mean at all that you need to deprive your baby of such pleasure. Risk is directly related to the sanity of adults, and there are two main ways to prevent an accident: timely teaching children to swim and basic discipline. If these conditions are met, bathing will bring not only joy, but also benefits.

In the summer heat, children are ready to sit in the water for hours, despite the fact that adults find it icy. In fact, this is explained by the fact that the child’s metabolism is noticeably more active, and per unit of time the child produces more heat per unit of body weight than his parents. Therefore, the main criterion for whether or not to allow a child to swim should not be the parents’ personal feelings, but the child’s desire. In addition, bathing is definitely a useful procedure that has a beneficial effect on health, stimulates the immune system, strengthens muscles, develops the lungs, heart, and blood vessels.

As for health restrictions, possible hypothermia and water getting into the nose and ears significantly increase the risk of activation of chronic inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx and ears. But for diseases of the bronchi and lungs, bones and joints, bathing is therapeutic. At the same time, if your child has a specific disease, then it would be a good idea to consult with your doctor specifically on the issue of bathing. For example, if intracranial pressure increases, you can swim, but you cannot dive. The same can be said about many inflammatory processes in the ears. But any doctor will tell you with confidence: if your child has chronic inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx or if he often suffers from sore throats, fresh water often has an irritating effect on the inflamed tissues, but salt water (sea water), on the contrary, has a healing effect.

Sea bathing has a stronger effect on the child’s body, since it combines thermal and mechanical effects (pressure from a large mass of water and the impact of waves) and, in addition, sea water has a chemical effect (salinity, etc.)

Never leave young children unattended near open water! They can drown instantly! Even in shallow water, always be close to them!

If you have just started sunbathing, then for the first time you are in the shade for 2-3 days, especially from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. You should also not immediately expose your child to the sun for the first time. For the first few days, wear a long T-shirt and wide pants when playing in the sun; after 2-3 days, wear only a T-shirt; after another 2-3 days, the child can be released to the beach completely naked (of course, we must not forget about a Panama hat or headscarf). Apply sunscreen to your child after every bath. If the child is naked on the beach, periodically lubricate the nipple and genital area with a sunscreen with a stronger degree of protection. For girls this is mandatory, and for boys it is desirable. The time for taking the first sunbathing is no more than 15-20 minutes. And in the future, the tanning procedure should not exceed more than four hours (be sure to take breaks).

When on the beach you must wear beach slippers. When you are in the rain, it is best to run barefoot: beach slippers - "flip-flops" - come off your feet, and are very slippery in themselves, can cause falls and injuries, wet sandals will rub your feet, and in general - it is simply more pleasant to run barefoot in the warm rain - I remember it myself.

AND the most The main thing :

1. do not allow rough games on the water: you cannot dive under a swimming person, “drown” him, give false signals for help, etc.;

2. Bathing children should be supervised by adults who know how to swim well. Don't leave kids alone near water. They may stumble, fall, or choke on water;

3. swimming should only be done in specially equipped places;

4. In nature outside the city, you need to choose a place for swimming where there is clean water, a flat bottom, and no strong current.

Supervise children's play even in shallow water, as they may fall and choke while playing. Do not play games in the water that involve gripping - in the heat of excitement, you can cause your partner to inhale water instead of air and lose consciousness. Children can learn to swim only under adult supervision.

Nowadays there are quite a large number of inflatable watercraft on sale. When purchasing, you should pay attention to the fact that the watercraft consists of several independent inflatable parts - if one of them is damaged, the undamaged part will keep the child afloat.

And more about watercraft. Circles are available for sale - boats with plastic “panties” or holes for the legs. Firstly, plastic “panties” rub the child’s skin between the legs and can injure it, and secondly, in addition, they are prone to tipping over. Moreover, many experts insist that a vertical position in a circle is unnatural for a swimmer; long-term habituation prevents learning to swim according to all the rules, in a horizontal position.

Rules safe behavior on water :

On beaches and in places of public recreation prohibited :

1. swim in places not designated for swimming in accordance with the Rules;

2. swim in places where boards (full houses) with warning and prohibition signs and inscriptions are posted;

3. swim behind the buoys marking the area of ​​the water body designated for swimming;

4. swim up to ships and other floating equipment;

5. jump from structures not adapted for these purposes into the water;

6. drink alcoholic beverages, swim while intoxicated;

7. do not grab each other’s arms and legs while playing on the water;

8. those who cannot swim can swim only in specially equipped places with a depth of no more than 1.2 meters;

9. bring dogs and other animals to the beach and bathe them;

10. swim on boards, logs and other means (objects) not suitable for this;

11. fish on the beaches;

12. pollute and litter the surface and banks of public water bodies and the beach area;

13. play with a ball and sports games in places not designated for these purposes, as well as allow unacceptable actions on water bodies related to diving and grabbing swimmers;

14. jump into a boat and dive from a boat;

15. Swim in cold water for a long time.

Movement undersized ships on area water areas water object, allocated For bathing, prohibited .

If you get into a whirlpool, don’t panic - take in more air into your lungs, dive deeper into the water and, sharply scooping with your arms and legs, swim away from the funnel. However, I believe that the threat of whirlpools is greatly exaggerated. And getting into it is a great success. I mean, it's a big failure.

You should not try to swim across rivers, lakes and oceans on a dare. You can bet.

In this regard, and just swimming in the river, I highly recommend learning how to relax on the water before making long swims.

It's best to lie on your back. Why take in more air (when you inhale completely, you will feel your body floating up), straighten your arms and legs and, lightly raking them, relax. You can stay afloat in this position for hours.

In case of strong excitement, when the water rushes through you and floods your nose and mouth, you can use a less comfortable way of relaxation - “float” swimming. Usually this exercise is used to teach swimming to children in pools.

In this case, you should inhale more air, bend at the waist, clasp your knees with your hands and remain in this position until you have enough air. As long as you have air in your lungs, you cannot drown. Then you need to quickly raise your head and take in a new portion of air. And float up again with your back up.

And so, little by little, alternating between rest and swimming, get to the shore. This method is especially good when you have a cramp in your leg and you need to free your hands to help yourself. To avoid an accident on the water, be sure to take a safety pin with you before you go swimming. It will help you if cramps start in the water

If drowning Human :

1. Immediately call loudly for help: “The man is drowning!”

2. Ask to call rescuers and an ambulance.

3. Throw a lifebuoy to the drowning person, a long rope with a knot at the end.

Now some rules For lovers rowing on recreational boats

DANGEROUS overload the boat beyond the established norm.

Swim or dive from a boat.

Change seats or try to sit on board.

Ride near locks, dams, dredgers, in the middle of the river fairway.

Stop the boat under bridges and near bridges where the fairway becomes very narrow. After all, if your boat capsizes and sinks somewhere in the middle of the river, you will have to swim to the shore! And these are completely different distances than to the buoy!

Measures to ensure the safety of children on the water

The safety of children on the water is ensured by the choice and equipment of a swimming place, systematic explanatory work with children about the rules of behavior on the water and the observance of safety precautions.

Children are not allowed to bathe in unspecified places, swim on equipment (objects) not suitable for this purpose, or otherwise violate water safety rules.

In children's health institutions located near water bodies, areas for children's bathing must be selected with a gently sloping sandy shore.

The bottom of the site should be free of aquatic plants, snags, stones, glass, and other objects and have a gradual slope to a depth of 2 meters, without holes or ledges.

Before the opening of the swimming season in a children's summer health institution, the bottom of the water area must be examined by divers and cleared of dangerous objects.

On the beaches of the children's health institution, areas are equipped for teaching swimming to children of preschool and primary school age with a depth of no more than 0.7 meters, as well as for children of senior school age with depths of no more than 1.2 meters. The areas are fenced off or surrounded by a line of floats attached to cables.

Children over the age of 12 who can swim well are allowed to swim in places with depths of up to 2 meters.

The boundaries of the water area of ​​a water body designated for swimming are indicated by orange buoys located at a distance of 20-30 m from one another and up to 25 m from a place with a depth of 1.3 m towards the water area from the shore. The boundaries of the water area of ​​a water body designated for swimming should not extend into the navigation zones.

The beach of a children's health facility must meet established sanitary requirements, be well-maintained, and clean.

On the beaches of a children's health facility, at a distance of 3 meters from the water's edge, racks (boards) with lifebuoys and Alexandrov ends of the established pattern are installed every 25 meters. It consists of a 30-meter line (in simple terms - a rope), ending in a loop, on the sides of which two foam or wooden floats are attached, and at the end a load weighing 250 - 300 g (light). This is usually a cloth bag filled with sand or small pieces of cork. You, with a good swing, throw the load towards the victim, he puts the noose over his head under his arms. After which all that remains is to tow it to the boat or shore, chest-first or backwards.

Lifebuoys must bear the inscription " Give it updrowning man!".

Blue masts 8-10 m high are installed on the beach to raise signals: a yellow flag measuring 70 x 100 cm (or 50 x 70 cm), indicating: " Bathing allowed " , and a black ball with a diameter of 1 m, indicating: " Bathing forbidden ".

On the territory of the children's health institution, a stand is equipped with extracts from the "Rules", materials on accident prevention, data on water and air temperature, wind strength and direction.

When children are swimming, a medical center is equipped on the beach, fungi and canopies are installed for protection from the sun.

Bathing of children is allowed in groups of no more than 10 people and for no more than 10 minutes.

Children who cannot swim are bathed separately from children who can swim.

Before children start swimming, the beach is prepared:

1. cleaning is not useful even on specially equipped beaches, where a passing cheerful company in five minutes for the sake of pampering can litter the bottom with sharp fragments of broken bottles and cans;

2. the boundaries of the area reserved for swimming of the squad (group) are marked along the coastline with flags;

safe behavior water educational work

3. lifebuoys, “Alexandrov’s ends” and other rescue equipment are hung on the boards;

4. The rescue boat with the rescuer goes to the outer side of the navigation boundary and is kept 2 meters away from it.

After preparation of the beach is completed, children are taken in groups to their swimming areas and are instructed on the rules of behavior on the water.

Children should be bathed under the continuous supervision of swimming instructors, duty teachers and medical workers.

Children are prohibited from diving from railings, bridges, or swimming beyond the swimming limit.

After prolonged exposure to the sun, enter the water slowly. A sudden dive can cause breathing to stop.

Watch your children when swimming, especially if there are a lot of people on the beach.

Be able to distinguish your children from strangers on the shore and in the water - in fact, this cannot be done as quickly as it seems.

For older children, wear bright and visible swimming trunks and swimsuits.

For twin children, do not wear anything of the same color - even if they wear the same style, Panama hats, circles, armbands, beachwear.

Do not allow children to swim in deep water.

In time bathing children on area prohibited :

1. bathing and presence of strangers;

2. boating;

3. holding games and sporting events.

To conduct swimming lessons on the shore, the area adjacent to the water is fenced and appropriately equipped.

The playground must have swimming boards and rubber rings for each child; 2-3 poles used to support non-swimmers, swimming support belts; 3-4 water polo balls; 2-3 electric megaphones; lesson schedule board with educational posters on teaching methods and swimming techniques.

For bathing children during hikes, walks, and excursions, choose a shallow place with a gently sloping bottom that is clear of piles, snags, sharp stones, glass, algae, and silt. Swimming instructors inspect the bathing area and monitor children’s bathing.

The use of camp beaches without swimming instructors, who are responsible for the safety of children and methodological guidance in teaching them to swim, is prohibited.

Be sure to check if your child has been vaccinated against tetanus.

12 rules for swimming children in open water

Swimming children in open water (sea, river, lake) has a beneficial effect on their well-being and mood. But to get the desired result, you must follow some rules. These rules do not depend on where you went to Sochi or Aktau, they are universal on any body of water.

1. A child’s first bath can be done when he turns 2 years old.

2. You need to start swimming at an air temperature of at least 25°C and a water temperature of at least 22°C.

3. Bathing should take place in the morning.

4. Before swimming, it is advisable to rest a little (15 minutes).

5. You need to enter the water with your child gradually, accustoming the body to the new sensation.

6. It is advisable to stay in the water for no more than 2 - 3 minutes at first.

7. It is not advisable for easily excitable and not very well-fed children to bathe for more than 5 - 10 minutes.

8. If you feel chills, you should get out of the water immediately.

9. You cannot plunge a child headlong into water if he is not yet accustomed to swimming.

10. You cannot swim on an empty stomach. After eating, at least an hour should pass.

11. After swimming, it is important to dry yourself thoroughly and rest in the shade.

12. The break between bathing should be at least 3 - 4 hours.

Bathing V open body of water - This beautiful health-improving And hardening procedure. At correct approach child strengthens organism And receives mass positive emotions

Organization of educational work with primary school students

The Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education defines students' compliance with the rules of a healthy and safe lifestyle for themselves and others as one of the leading personal characteristics of primary school graduates.

According to the Second Generation Standards, an important area of ​​educational work in primary schools should be the formation of a culture of life safety for students.

The term “safety culture” is understood as a way of organizing human activity, presented in a system of social norms, beliefs, and values ​​that ensure the preservation of his life, health and the integrity of the surrounding world.

In elementary school, as a rule, one teacher conducts classes in most subjects, so students can master skills related to the culture of safe behavior on water while studying the integrated course “The World Around Us” and other basic subjects of elementary school, during extracurricular hours in elective classes. classes, in practical circles in any other subjects (for example, physical education, technology), in classes in extended day groups, at extracurricular activities.

Characteristics of the types of activities of students during educational work on the topic "Safe behavior on the water"

Basic item	Characteristics of student activities
Russian language	Listening to the answers of classmates, expressing one’s point of view, commenting on the situation, expressing agreement or disagreement with the opinions of classmates and the teacher, the ability to ask different questions: to clarify information, to understand what was heard. An exercise in choosing linguistic means that correspond to the purpose and conditions of communication. Gaining experience in the appropriate use of oral communication in various speech situations, monologue and dialogue. Compose a story on a topic or based on plot pictures individually, in pairs or in a group. Understanding and comparing texts (for example, public alerts) written in different styles. Compiling lists of students in a class, group, and required items. Application of knowledge of the alphabet when using catalogs (reference books, dictionaries) to search for the necessary information on a topic assigned by the teacher.
Literary reading	Choosing a book in the library (according to the list recommended by the teacher); reading and retelling literary works illustrating the safe behavior of people in extreme situations. Creation (orally) of a text (short story-explanation, review) on a topic given by the teacher and taking into account the characteristics of the listeners.
The world	Conducting observations of natural objects (using the example of your locality). A tour of your area or city (the way home). Excursion to one of the units of the rescue service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in order to familiarize yourself with the work of rescuers.
Technology. Information Technology	Using different methods of searching for information: viewing information selected on a topic, searching using file managers, using search tools in electronic publications, using special search engines. Clarification of information search requests.

In this area, it is advisable for the deputy school director for educational work, together with class teachers, to develop a set of preventive measures.

Sample plan of activities with primary school students on the topic “Safe behavior on water and water bodies”

	“Personal safety is the basis of life” - introductory conversation	"Rules of behavior in nature during the freeze-up period" - instructions	"Types of reservoirs. Reservoirs - an intellectual game	"Winter River. Geography of Safety" - extracurricular event
	"Rules of behavior on reservoirs in winter" - an exhibition of children's works, design of a cool information stand	"Geography of winter safety on the river" - family educational game	Collective poster competition "Dangerous Ice!"	Poetry competition "Dangerous Ice!"
	Excursion to the Ministry of Emergency Situations	"Rules of behavior in nature during spring floods" - instructions	"Emergencies on the water. What is it? Rules of conduct in emergency situations on the water" - excursion to the Ministry of Emergency Situations	"The dangers of spring ice" conversation with presentation
	"Rules of behavior on the water during summer holidays" - instructions	"Summer water safety rules" - extracurricular activity	Poetry competition "Let us all say together that swimming is not a trifle!"	Design of a cool stand "Rules of behavior on the water during summer holidays"

Planned results of educational activities in this area of ​​educational work:

Graduate primary schools will (must) know:

rules of safe behavior when traveling by water, duties of a passenger;

characteristics of reservoirs in their places of residence, their condition at different times of the year;

methods and means of rescuing drowning people, basic life-saving equipment;

rules for safe behavior near a body of water;

the most typical emergency situations for the region of residence, their causes and consequences;

system for ensuring the life safety of the population in places of residence;

procedure and rules for calling the police, ambulance, fire department; rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations

have skills:

organizing a safe crossing over a small water barrier (stream, ravine, ditch);

actions in adverse weather conditions, including in the forest, field, near a reservoir;

actions in the event of an emergency in the region of residence.

To prepare and conduct activities on safe behavior on water, specialists from rescue services, a medical worker, a life safety teacher and a psychologist can be involved, who will provide methodological and organizational assistance, point out errors and inaccuracies made during the conduct of a particular event.

The system of measures for safe behavior on water, in addition to lessons within the integrated course “The World Around You” in the sections “Health”, “Ensuring Life Safety” and lessons in basic disciplines, may include the following forms of educational work:

briefings By rules behavior on water in summer, winter, spring. Water safety instructions are given by the class teacher or teacher threetimes per year (using an educational film or multimedia presentation).

excursions to specialized aquatic centers with conversations with specialists from rescue services, a swimming instructor;

creative competitions for the best poem, drawing, poster;

manufacturing visual agitation, including together with students (stands, memos, leaflets, wall newspapers). In classroom corners there should be information boards on water safety in winter and summer. To complete them, it is necessary to involve students, parents, as well as the deputy director of occupational safety, deputy director for educational work, life safety teacher, head of physical education, and medical worker.

carrying out quizzes, sports and tourism games, the content of which is aimed at identifying the level of knowledge, skills and abilities on this topic.

Topic "Water Safety Rules"

I. Visibility:

physical map of the Earth's hemispheres, cards with texts of poems and rules of safe behavior on the water, the book "What is it? Who is it?" (M.: Pedagogika, 1990)

II. Content:

An idea of ​​the rules of safe behavior on water in the warm season; causes of accidents on water; idea of ​​​​actions in case of danger; caution and accuracy in behavior on the water.

III. Rules security on water

when we swim, adults should be nearby;

you cannot dive in unfamiliar places;

you cannot swim behind the buoys;

when playing in the water, you should not “drown” your friends even as a joke;

boating is only permitted under adult supervision;

before getting into the boat, you need to check whether it is in good working order, whether there are any leaks, whether the oars are in order;

there must be life-saving equipment and a container for bailing out water on board the boat;

To prevent the boat from capsizing, there is no need to rock it;

you cannot stand up in the boat, change places, sit on board or lean over it;

You cannot swim close to passing ships and boats - the boat can be overturned by a wave;

You cannot go by boat to public swimming areas.

What should you do first?

You must immediately shout: “The man is drowning!” - to attract attention. Throw a drowning person an object that will reach him and help him stay on the surface of the water.

If possible, then we need to help the person. But if you are a poor swimmer and are not confident in your abilities, then do not get into the water. Otherwise, two people will have to be saved.

The most important thing is not to panic. In this case, it becomes possible to save energy, save your breath, call for help and stay on the water for some time.

IV. Information For students:

Rescuers:

In summer we often see them near the river. They observe people's behavior and provide assistance if someone suddenly feels ill or begins to drown.

This is a very difficult and responsible job, so try to behave in such a way that the rescuers do not have to help you out of trouble. And remember that you can’t shout: “I’m drowning!” - if nothing serious happens. Rescuers will rush to you in response to this cry, and at this time there may be a person in the water who really needs help. Finding out that you were joking, the rescuers will lose energy and time.

Diver:

Everyone is at least for a few seconds a diver when diving. Skilled divers 4 thousand years ago were able to extract sea pearls, coral branches, and precious shells from the bottom. This is a difficult and dangerous business. Rarely a diver can stay underwater for more than two minutes: dive - and quickly rise to breathe air.

The diver is supplied with air through a rubber tube - a hose. Now a person can work underwater for several hours. To avoid the cold, he puts on woolen underwear, and on top - a “shirt” - a rubber suit, to which is screwed a metal helmet with glass windows.

To keep a person under water and not surface, lead weights are hung on the diver’s back and chest, and metal boots with lead soles are put on his feet. They lower it to depth on a strong rope.

Divers are used for construction work, for the repair of sea vessels, and for lifting sunken objects.

With the development of science, people came up with a lightweight suit for divers. It does not have an air hose. A person takes air with him in cylinders suspended over his shoulders. This device is called a scuba tank. With the help of rubber fins on his feet, the scuba diver swims wherever he wants.

Topic: "Winter River and Geography of Safety"

I. Content:

Rules for safe behavior on water and ice in winter; dangers that await humans near bodies of water; causes of accidents; careful attitude towards life and health.

II. Equipment: illustrations on the topic, cards with text from the story "The Gray Neck".

III. Questions For conversations:

What does "security geography" mean?

What danger can await us on the river in winter?

Why can you fall through the ice? What properties does it have?

Why can't you walk alone on the ice?

What remains on the ice after the fishermen leave?

What is "pick"? What is it for?

How should you move on ice?

What happens to a person who falls into cold water?

IV. Poetry

Don't walk on ice in winter:

Can you get into trouble -

In a hole or in a wormwood -

And you will waste your life.

In those places where springs flow

And streams run to the river

Or where the factory is located -

Know that the ice there is fragile.

V. Rules behavior person, caught under ice

Try not to panic.

We need to call for help.

We need to get out in the direction from which we came.

You need to crawl onto the ice with your arms spread wide.

It is advisable to lean on a long, wide thing.

Keep your head above water.

Having got out on the ice, roll away from the ice hole and crawl to the shore.

Once out, change clothes and warm up.

VI. Information For students

It is especially dangerous to be in icy water. Our body loses heat if the water temperature is below 33 degrees.

A person in icy water loses his breath, his head feels as if an iron hoop is squeezing him, his heart is pounding wildly. To protect itself from the deadly cold, the body turns on the reserve heat production system - severe trembling begins. Due to muscle contraction, the body warms up, but after a while this heat becomes insufficient. When the skin temperature drops to 30 degrees, the shivering stops and the body rapidly cools down. Breathing becomes less frequent, pulse slows, blood pressure drops.

The death of a person who suddenly finds himself in cold water most often occurs due to shock that develops during the first 5-15 minutes after immersion in water or respiratory failure.

While afloat, you must keep your head above the water. You need to expend minimal physical effort. It is necessary to actively swim to the shore or to a floating craft only if it is not very far away, otherwise you may not have enough strength. If you have a life jacket or ring, as well as any floating object that you can hold on to, do not under any circumstances throw off your shoes, clothing, or hat. Wet clothing will protect you from rapid cooling. If there are several people in the water, you need to break up into groups of three and hug each other as closely as possible, pulling your knees to your chin.

After getting out of the water, you need to change clothes. If you don’t have dry clothes on hand, you need to wring out the wet ones and put them on again. To keep warm, do any physical exercise. You can rub yourself with a dry woolen cloth, then you need to take cover in a place protected from the wind, wrap yourself well, and if possible, drink something hot.

VII. Crossword

By horizontal:

5 . The edge of the earth at the water surface.

6.9. Life-saving device.

8. An unfrozen place on the surface of a reservoir in winter.

By verticals:

Natural water flow.

A pile of snow blown by the wind.

Long stick for testing ice.

A crust that appears on the surface of a reservoir in winter.

7. A man who can be seen sitting by the hole in winter.

Answers

By horizontal: 5. Shore.6. Circle.8. Polynya.9. Vest.

By verticals:

1. River.2. Snowdrift.3. Ice pick.4. Ice.7; Fisherman.

VIII. Test.

1. You need to move on ice:

A) running;

b) sliding on the soles;

V) at a calm pace.

2. When moving several people on ice, you need to go:

A) one after another at a distance;

b) holding hands;

V) next to each other.

3. Ice pick is needed for:

a) measuring the depth of snowdrifts;

b) checking ice strength;

c) providing assistance to a drowning person.

4. Once on the ice, you must

a) run to the shore;

b) take a break, then crawl to the shore;

c) roll away, then roll towards the shore.

(Answers: 1 - b; 2 - A; 3 - b; 4 - V.)

Children perform exercise on one's own.

Organization of educational work with students in grades 5-11 of a comprehensive school

When choosing forms of educational work with children, it is necessary to take into account their age characteristics.

L.S. Vygotsky called interest “the key to the entire problem of the psychological development of an adolescent.”

A teenager's interest in any activity depends on several conditions. The first of them is the awareness of the usefulness and vital significance of the issues being studied personally for him, the teenager. Studying the rules of safe behavior on water is purely practical in nature, therefore, with proper organization of work on this topic, children’s learning of the material will be effective.

Another important condition for the successful organization of educational work with students is the provision of reasonable independence in performing certain activities that require initiative and creativity, and even in an atmosphere of competition, competition, competition. Many students in grades 5-11 will be happy to take part in the “Save a Friend!” quiz, but will find it difficult to sit through the end of a lecture-style lesson.

When preparing events with high school students, you need to pay attention to those forms of work where a boy or girl can acquire any skills for a future profession and life, and participate in socially useful activities. For example, participation in the “Young Rescuer” club contributes to the development of first aid skills on the water.

Thus, in the process of organizing educational work on safe behavior on water, the teacher is recommended to take a creative approach to choosing the content of forms of activity.

We bring to the attention of teachers materials that will help them in organizing educational work with students on the topic “Safe behavior of children on the water.”

Water Safety Month

A water safety month can be organized at the initiative of the school administration in order to prevent accidents on the water. It is recommended for use during the organization of summer health camps and school playgrounds.

Rough plan

	Events	carrying out	Responsible
	Discussion of tasks for preparing and conducting the month with the head of the educational institution; head of a children's health camp and other interested parties		Head of educational institution
	Conducting practical classes with the involvement of specialists from relevant services and medical institutions to explain to schoolchildren the rules of behavior on the water and the rules of first aid		Head of the working group
	Organization of competitions, quizzes, games, competitions on the topic of human safety on water bodies in children's health camps		Teachers
	Designing corners in school health camps “Precautionary measures and rules of conduct for children and adolescents on bodies of water”		Deputy Director for Educational Work
	Conducting classes on safety and injury prevention at water bodies		Head of the educational institution; class teachers
	Preparation and distribution of leaflets (leaflets) among schoolchildren on the rules of behavior on the water		Head of the working group

Approximate topics for activities with students on safe behavior on water

1. Quiz on the topic: “Have you learned the rules of safe behavior on water and ice?”

2. Conversation “Don’t joke with water!”

3. Class hour "Water is our friend!"

4. Game "Young Rescuer"

5. Discussion club "Security - who is responsible for us?"

6. Class hour "Our river, our pond..."

7. Conversation “Water for life”

8. Game "Dangerous Pond"

9. Educational game "Ice is dangerous"

10. Lesson "Dangerous situations on the water"

11. Class hour "Spring is thin ice"

12. Literary evening "Water in our lives"

Dangerous situations on the water

MethodicalmaterialsTolessonV5-6 class

The proposed teaching material is intended for teaching in grades 5-6, but can be used during class hours and in summer health camps before the start of the swimming season. The course of a particular event can be structured by the teacher independently.

Goalslesson:

Prevention of dangerous situations on the water.

Training in water safety skills.

Taskslesson:

Organization of students’ assimilation of rules of behavior and safety measures on water, as well as algorithms for actions in dangerous situations in these conditions.

Development of students' communication skills - telling, explaining, listening, asking questions.

Training in cooperation skills and joint creative activities.

Pedagogicaltechnologies: collective method of learning, work in pairs of shifts.

Educational and methodologicalsecurity: instructions for students working in rotating pairs (for each desk); individual cards depending on the number of planned small groups; album sheets, markers.

Contentlesson:

Actualization of the problem: introductory speech by the teacher, use of an excerpt from the poem:

Looks like they're wearing lace

Trees, bushes, wires,

And it seems like a fairy tale,

But in essence - only water.

The vast expanse of the ocean

And the quiet backwater of the pond,

Cascade of a waterfall and splashes of a fountain.

And all this is just water.

Rising high ridges,

Sea water is raging

And drowns, as if playing,

Large sea vessels.

2. Organization of work in pairs of shifts in the role of student and teacher, there are cards of five colors on the tables, the task of the students is to remember the contents of the card and tell it to the partner who has a card of a different color.

3. Work in small groups. The group is given the task to depict the contents of the card schematically or in the form of drawings and present it to other groups.

4. Control and mutual control. Students are asked to answer test questions.

5. Summing up

DidacticmaterialTolesson:

Card№ 1 . Rulessafebehavioron water

1. Be sure to learn to swim and relax on the water.

The desired water temperature is not lower than +18° C. The depth of the reservoir for non-swimmers is no more than 1.2 m.

Before entering the water after sunbathing or outdoor games, you need to cool down by resting for 15 minutes in the shade.

It is not recommended to enter the water immediately after eating. After this you must wait at least 1 hour.

The bottom of the reservoir in the swimming area should be smooth, dense, preferably sandy.

Card№ 2 . Rulesbehavioronwaterprohibited:

Swim alone.

Diving and jumping into water in unfamiliar places.

Swim behind the buoys.

Swim in areas where ships pass and approach ships.

Organize games in the water involving grabs.

Swim far on air mattresses or inner tubes.

Swimming in places where it is prohibited.

Card№ 3 . IfYouturned out to beVwater,Notknowing howswim:

You need to stay on the water until help comes.

Try lying on the water with your stomach down, arms spread wide and breathing as deeply and rarely as possible.

The second way is to move your legs as if you were pedaling and at the same time splash the water with your hands.

The third way is to be in a vertical position, bend both legs at the same time, spreading your knees to the sides, A then sharply straighten them.

Card№ 4 . Iflegreducedcramp:

As soon as you feel a cramp, turn on your back and lie down on the water.

If the anterior thigh muscle cramps, straighten your leg and pull your toes forward.

If there is a cramp in the calf muscle or on the back of the thigh, straighten your leg and pull the toe towards you.

If the cramps are very strong and the leg does not straighten itself, try doing it with your hands.

When the cramps pass, rest a little and swim to shore, preferably in a different style than the one in which the cramp occurred.

Card№ 5 . IfYoufellVwater:

Hold your breath and pinch your nose with your fingers to prevent swallowing water.

Try to feel the bottom with your feet if you are close to the shore.

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