See what “Tsitsin, Nikolai Vasilyevich” is in other dictionaries. Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after

The work on remote hybridization of wheat with wheatgrass, begun by Tsitsin in 1927, was continued in 1932–1938. in Omsk, and then in the Moscow region - in Nemchinovka and Snegiri, where they successfully continued until last days life of a scientist. As a result of hard work, Tsitsin and his colleagues for the first time obtained hybrids between the main types of wheat and three types of wheatgrass (as well as with one of the Siberian varieties of wheatgrass). In subsequent years, the scientist created mid-early (with a shorter growing season) varieties of wheat-wheatgrass hybrids, characterized by high yields and a complex of other economically valuable traits. At the same time, new varieties of wheat were created that had a branched ear structure. Before this, only forms of spring durum wheat existed in nature. The scientist managed to create varieties of winter soft branched wheat, that is, forms that previously did not exist in nature at all. One of Tsitsin's pioneering works was the creation of multigrain forms of wheat with particularly high productivity. In the recent past, all varieties of wheat had ears with one or two grains. In modern wheat varieties, the number of flowers in spikelets is five, and the number of grains does not exceed four. Based on the distant hybridization of cultivated wheat with wild cereal plants, Tsitsin managed, for the first time in world practice, to create hybrid forms of wheat, in the spikelets of which the number of flowers reaches nine and the number of grains reaches six to eight, which leads to a significant increase in yield.

From the varieties created by the scientist in last years life, it should be noted that intermediate constant (stable in offspring) forms of wheat have a high protein content and compete in yield with the best standards of this crop. Knowing about such a property of wheatgrass as perenniality, Tsitsin, for the first time in the history of breeding and genetic science, created a completely new type of wheat plant, which is of great scientific and practical importance - perennial wheat, which he named Triticum agropynotriticum . Tsitsin’s work on the creation of high-yielding lodging-resistant varieties and forms with shortened and filled straw was also of great practical importance. Typically, soft wheat varieties have a hollow straw, but in the hybrids he obtained, it was filled with parenchyma throughout the entire stem, which gave the plants greater resistance to lodging.

The scientist and his collaborators successfully used polyploid forms of plants (containing several sets of chromosomes in cells) in breeding. In particular, a tetraploid (with four sets of chromosomes in somatic cells) winter rye variety “Start” was created, which had high winter hardiness and productivity. Particularly interesting is the work of Tsitsin and his students on the hybridization of wheat, rye and barley with elymus (giant, sandy and soft). Based on 29 combinations of crossing soft and durum wheat with three types of elimus, seven generations of wheat-elimus hybrids were obtained. In 1968–1969 In the process of hybridization of wheat with soft elymus, highly productive constant 42-chromosomal hybrids were isolated for the first time. They were distinguished by their large ears and grains, containing over 20% protein and more than 40% gluten.

Country - named after N.V. Tsitsin is considered the largest in our country and Europe. Last summer he celebrated his 70th birthday.

Story

The historical past of the botanical garden is complex and rich. The date of creation recorded in the documents is 1945. This year, on the lands located on the territory of Ostankino Park, it was decided to organize a new Botanical Garden.

For 400 years, on the territory of the Ostankino estate there were impenetrable forests in which scattered villages were located. These same places were intended for hunting moose and bears by the royal rangers. Since 1558, this land, which was granted to Satin Alexei by Ivan the Terrible, has had many owners.

Since 1743, Ostankino passed into the hands of the Sheremetyevs through the marriage of Pyotr Borisovich to Princess Varvara Cherkasskaya. After all, the future wife received a lot of land as a dowry, including this estate. After a while, their son Nikolai Sheremetyev will take care of the protection of this unique place. He introduces a ban on grazing livestock, hunting, picking berries and mushrooms, and will require the manager not to allow “revelers” into the oak grove.

The end of the 19th century was marked by deforestation, unregulated grazing, and uncontrolled destruction of wild animals and birds.

After the revolution, laws were passed banning the cutting down of indigenous forest parks, which were strictly followed even in difficult war times, which saved the Ostankino estate.

Garden plants

The Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, especially its central part, is a unique protected area of ​​the forest zone. There is no free access to the oak forest; its oak trees are on average about 160 years old, although there are also unique specimens that are up to 300 years old. There are birches, maples, spruce, aspen, rowan, etc. The crowns of the trees are hidden by huge bushes: hazel, buckthorn, honeysuckle, euonymus. Under them is a grass carpet of tender anemone, lungwort, fragrant lily of the valley, hairy sedge, chickweed, etc. They grow only in oak groves, which are recognized as the standard of the Central Russian broad-leaved forest.

All collections and displays of the garden are both natural and aesthetically suitable for the oak and birch trees growing here.

Today, the Tsitsin Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences is 331 hectares of unique collection funds. These are more than 18,000 types and varieties of plants from different parts of our planet. In 1991, in a solemn ceremony, the main Russian botanical garden was named after the great academician and famous botanist, breeder and geneticist Nikolai Vasilyevich Tsitsin, who led it for more than 35 years, from the first day of its foundation.

Territorial division

When creating the garden, the main task was to arrange indoor and outdoor exhibitions that could convey this or that natural area as fully as possible. For example, to demonstrate the flora of the USSR, departments were made:

European part of the union;

North Caucasus;

Region Siberia;

Middle Asia;

Far East.

At each of these sites, special conditions were created that were close to reality. Something like: adding special sand and stones, creating ponds or streams to increase humidity, or building special slides. All plants were planted in combinations found in real nature.

The Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences became the site for the creation of an introduction nursery to test new plant species.

The exhibitions that exist today have received different names. They display plant exhibits Far East, Siberia, Caucasus and Eastern Europe.

On a huge area today you can see tundra plants, coniferous-deciduous, light-coniferous, dark-coniferous forests, deserts, steppes and meadows.

Assembling a garden collection required careful removal of plants from nature. To do this, starting in 1946, expeditions were sent to various natural areas Soviet Union. Special attention participants focused on rare or endangered species.

The floristic diversity of the garden is constantly changing. It was especially diverse in 1990. Today, the RAS Garden is a place of recreation for citizens and guests of the city.

Guests of the city, visiting various attractions of the capital, always come to the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow, representing the main garden of the country, offers to view various plant exhibitions.

Expositions of the flora of Eastern Europe and vegetation of Central Asia

Almost 6 hectares are occupied by an exposition of the flora of Eastern Europe. There are more than 300 types and species of plants: about 20 species of tree crops, approximately 30 species of shrubs and more than 200 species of herbaceous plants, most of which came from the Carpathians.

The Main Botanical Garden named after Tsitsin RAS has the oldest exposition of vegetation Central Asia. It was founded shortly before the war on the Sparrow Hills on the territory of the Moscow Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences. After the war, it was carefully transferred to the flora section (located in Ostankino). But it became available to visitors only in 1953. Natural botanical and geographical conditions were recreated here. Areas of mountainous terrain and deserts were created from tertiary clay. This zone contains conifers and alpine and subalpine meadows, steppes and rocky hills, and many species of endangered plants. You can view most of the exhibition from the top of the artificial slide.

Expositions of plants of the Caucasus, Siberia and the Far East

An exhibition of plants from the Caucasus occupies an area of ​​almost 2.5 hectares. These are more than 300 species of tree plantations, including 23 rare and endangered species. They are located on artificial mountainous terrain and forest plains.

More than 200 plant species are collected in the exposition of the vegetation of Siberia. Of the exhibits presented here, more than 50 species are considered endangered or rare.

One of the most impressive collections is the exposition of the flora of the Far East. Almost 400 species of plants in this zone are located on an area of ​​8.5 hectares.

Thematic zones of the GBS (Main Botanical Garden)

In 1950, the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences completed the creation of an exhibition of useful wild plants. All perennial herbs are planted in ridges, in a neighborhood taken from nature. There are several types of shrubs and trees in this exhibition. The organizers, while developing and planting plant ensembles, compiled their classification based on their area of ​​application.

The first part is essential oil, medicinal and insecticidal plants. They have an effect on various functions in the human or animal body and have toxic properties.

The second part is technical plants. These are fibrous, dyeing and tanning. Such plants have been and are now used in industry.

The third part is forage and melliferous. Plants that provide food for domestic animals (hay, silage, pasture).

The fourth part is food plant species. They are designed to maintain the vital functions of the human body. These are vitamin, flavoring, spicy, tea and infusion.

Arboretum

The Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin RAS preserves about 1,700 tree and shrub plant species. They were collected on the territory of the arboretum (more than 75 hectares). The Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences is built like a landscape park, that is, the plants are systematized. This area is especially beautiful with early spring until autumn leaves fall. But in winter it is no less interesting to walk among the coniferous beauties covered with snow caps.

"Heather and Japanese Garden"

The arboretum has a special exhibition - “Heather Garden”. Special types of Erica and almost 20 varieties of heather were brought to it from Germany. It is located near the Laboratory building and is surrounded by conifers, barberries, spirea and rhododendrons.

An equally bright and unique exposition of the GBS is the “Japanese Garden”. It was created with the help of the Japanese Embassy in the capital. Rare species of sakura, ornamental tree species and herbs of the region were brought from the islands. They were picturesquely placed around artificial reservoirs with many bridges, pagodas and stone compositions.

A very mesmerizing collection of roses occupies almost 2.5 hectares.

Greenhouse specimens are considered priceless. They were imported from Brazil, Vietnam, Cuba, Madagascar and other countries of the equatorial zone. More than a hundred species of them are listed in the International Red Book.

A unique nursery in the Moscow Botanical Garden

In addition to the main scientific activities, GBS employees are engaged in the selection, breeding and sale of seedlings and seeds of known and new plant species. The nursery offers for sale deciduous trees, vines, shrubs, perennial herbs, clematis and fruit plants. Seedlings in the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences are very popular. Their prices are very low, and the quality of planting material is very high. Two retail outlets sell seedlings. One (the main one) is located on the street. Botanicheskaya, 31, opposite the main entrance to the GBS.

Special divisions of the RAS

Botanical Garden BIN RAS named after. Komarova V.L., is located in St. Petersburg, on Aptekarsky Island. It is a division of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Its history begins in the 18th century with an apothecary garden. It was founded by Peter I. Initially, naturally, it was intended to grow medicinal plants on it.

By the middle of the 19th century, the Apothecary Garden was in great desolation, because there was no financial support at all. Alexander I gave his order to V.P. Kochubey, who presented a plan for rebuilding the garden. Now its main direction has become scientific activity. The allocation for the Apothecary Garden has almost doubled. Scientific expeditions even began to be organized. The garden actively developed until the beginning of the 20th century.

In connection with the celebration of the bicentenary of the Botanical Garden in 1913, it was named after Peter the Great. After the revolution, it became the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Soviet Republic. At the same time, the imperial residences and private greenhouses were transferred to him.

In 1930, the garden was reassigned to the USSR Academy of Sciences. IN next year it was merged with the Botanical Museum. As a result, the Botanical Institute was created. During the blockade, despite the efforts of the workers, the garden was badly damaged. Therefore, in the post-war period, extensive restoration work was carried out. Now it is a huge garden-arboretum. He is very loved by residents of St. Petersburg and guests of the city.

Another unique division of the Academy of Sciences is the Botanical Garden of the UC RAS. Located in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The garden has gone through a long and difficult path of development.

Today he has a large collection of plants and is proud of his outstanding scientific achievements in the field of research into wild species of the republic’s flora and selection of ornamental plants.

Conclusion

Now you know where to go if you love nature, flowers and plants. Botanical Garden of N. Tsitsin RAS is truly interesting place for visiting.

Main Botanical Garden named after. N.V. Tsitsin of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GBS RAS)- one of the largest botanical gardens in the world. He is deservedly loved and popular among Russians, especially among residents of the Moscow region. The richest collection of plants of the botanical garden, located on an area of ​​331.5 hectares, represents a diverse vegetable world of our planet. In addition, the Main Botanical Garden has interesting, extensive collections and exhibitions of floral, ornamental, cultural, and ornamental woody plants. The Botanical Garden has a landscape exhibition "Japanese Garden", "Heather Garden", a rose garden, and a greenhouse. Botanical Garden named after. N.V. Tsitsina conducts extensive research work in many areas related to plants and their cultivation. It is not surprising that professionals and simply amateurs of gardening, floriculture, gardening and landscape design consider it a great success to purchase seedlings and perennials from such an authoritative scientific institution. And the Garden provides them with such an opportunity. At the Botanical Garden. Tsitsina is a nursery that grows and sells ornamental, fruit, berry, tree and herbaceous plants.

It is noteworthy that You can buy seedlings in the nursery of the Main Botanical Garden rare plants that are not found in regular garden centers and other nurseries. The majority of all seedlings are grown in the Garden nursery from seeds, that is, they are healthier than the same plants obtained by cuttings. When cuttings are taken from the mother plant, accumulated diseases are transmitted to new plants. Plants grown from seeds are stronger, adapted to local conditions, with beautiful shape crowns Seedlings sold by the nursery of the Main Botanical Garden are dug up from the ridges in front of you, and this is a guarantee that your plants are grown in the climate of Moscow and the Moscow region, will take root well and adapt after transplantation, and their root system is not dried out. Consultation with an experienced nursery specialist will help you plant and grow the plant correctly.

The Main Botanical Garden also sells imported seedlings. They are often sold in containers (pots), usually fruit and berry crops. But even in this case, you can be confident in the quality of the planting material, which guarantees the status of a scientific institution. Many of the plants offered by the GBS nursery can first be seen in an adult state in the Garden’s collection when visiting it.

The range of planting material offered by the Main Botanical Garden expanded significantly in 2013. It consists of decorative tree deciduous and coniferous crops (including large ones), berries and fruits, vines, rooted roses, clematis, perennial herbaceous ornamental plants, as well as fertilizers for them. In August, the autumn sale of planting material began. Prices for seedlings are very affordable.

Main Botanical Garden named after. N.V. Tsitsina RAS offers:

Ornamental woody plants(deciduous and coniferous, trees and shrubs, lianas, different kinds and varieties): common and Japanese quince, actinidia, barberry, Amur and Sakhalin velvet, euonymus, privet, hawthorns, black elderberry (variegated, with golden and split leaves), weigela, Amur grapes and maiden grapes, Bessey cherry, witch hazel, hydrangeas , dogwood (dogwood), tree pliers, oak (gray, scarlet), spruce (prickly, Serbian, Siberian), honeysuckle, willow, viburnum, cotoneaster, cypress, clematis, maples, Kuril tea, Siberian larch, elk, junipers, alder, tree peonies, Siberian fir, bladderwort, rooted roses (hybrid tea, floribunda, climbing, semi-climbing, ground cover, miniature, scrubs, nutmeg, patio), rowan, field ash, sakura, Amur lilac, snowberry, pine, spirea, Chinese poplar, thuja occidentalis, forsythia, mock orange and others.

Fruit and berry crops: grapes (Augustin, Kishmish No. 342, Crystal), cherries (Molodezhnaya, Morozovka, Novella, Ovstuzhenka, Kharitonovskaya), blueberries (frost-resistant varieties of different ripening periods), pear (Vernaya), gumi (Moneron variety), blackberries (Loganberry, Bestberry, Tayberry, Thornfree), honeysuckle (Moscow -23, Titmouse, Blue Bird, Start), yoshta, raspberry (Unattainable, Lilac Fog, Fairy Tale, Monomakh's Cap, Arabesque, Bryansk Miracle, Galaxy, Ruby Giant, Daughter of Hercules, Yellow Giant, Golden giant, Izobilnaya, Giant, Moscow giant), sea buckthorn (varieties), currants (red, black), cherry, apple tree (Veteran, Cherry, Zhigulevskoe, Ligol, Orlovskoe striped, Autumn striped (Shtrifel), In Memory of Vavilov, Rozhdestvennskoe, Northern Synap , Skala, Spartak, Spartan, Stroevskoye, Utes) etc.

Ornamental herbaceous perennial plants: Anaphalis daisy, Astilbe, Astrantia major, Aster (shrub, New England, New Belgian), Bergenia thick-leaved, Butterbur, Buzulnik (toothed, Fischer), Basil foliage, Yellow-leaved loosestrife, Veronica Austrian, Anemone (beautiful, Canadian), Fragrant viola, Volzhanka dioecious, Hybrid columbine, Hybrid Gaillardia, Galatella punctata, Carnation (alpine, hybrid, pinnate, chickweed), Heuchera hybrid, Heicherella hybrid, Helenium autumnalis, Heliopsis rough, Geranium (Georgian, Dalmatian, large-rhizome, flat-petaled, shady) , Gravilat blood-red, Grossgamemia macrocapitalata, Knotweed (large-leaved, splayed), Delphinium hybrid, Dendranthema Zavadsky, Loosestrife loosestrife, Dryad Drummondi, Purple creeping tenacious, St. John's wort (large-flowered, Olympic), Goldenrod (hybrid, Canadian), Inula germanica, Iris (hybrid, low, Siberian), Hyssop officinalis, Black cohosh, Sandy cohosh, Coreopsis grandiflora, Mullein (Olympic, purple), Catnip (large-flowered, Siberian), Burnet (medicinal, thin-leaved), Meadowsweet (six-petalled, pink), Lavender angustifolia , Leucantemella solitary, Liatris spicata, Daylily (hybrid, red), Onion (giant, slimy), Chives, Oriental double poppy, Macleaia cordifolia, Miscanthus sugar-flowered, Monarda hybrid, Nivaria greatest, Penstemon bellflower, Herbaceous peony varieties (delenks) , Pink feverfew, Wormwood (Pursha, Schmidt), Purple sapling, Hybrid rhubarb "Victoria", Rudbeckia (beautiful, lanceolate), Sedum (caustic, magnificent, Spanish, recurved), Alpine eryngium, Alpine scutellaria, Beautiful Telekia, Tellima grandiflora, Tiarella hybrid, Alpine thyme, Tradescantia virginiana, Southern reed, variegated, Alpine yarrow, Phalaris canary, Physostegia virginiana, Physostegia variegated, Phlox (paniculate, splayed, awl-shaped), Chelona oblique, Hosta (plantain, varietal), Sage oak, Large bell-shaped colored , Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea silvery

The Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences was opened on April 14, 1945. Today it is considered the largest botanical garden in Europe.

GBS occupies an area of ​​331.49 hectares; more than 18,000 types of plants grow on its territory, which are the national treasure of Russia. The Botanical Garden is not only a unique scientific institution, it is an educational and educational center, as well as a favorite place for Muscovites to walk and a rich museum of plants.

The organization of the Botanical Garden became important event in post-war Moscow. He “became a kind of living monument Great Victory“, one of the garden directors wrote about him.

The preliminary designs for the territory of the future garden belong to the architect I.M. Petrov, who worked on them since 1940. According to the original project, from the north the border of the garden should have passed along Okruzhnaya railway, and from the south - along modern Academician Korolev Street. At the same time, capturing the territory of the entire Marfinsky complex in the west, and in the east extending to Mira Avenue. Subsequent projects limited the territory to Botanicheskaya Street in the west and Agricultural Street in the east.

The botanical garden was established in the North-East of the capital. Previously, the territory was occupied by the Ostankino forest (Erdenevskaya grove, which was part of the Ostankino oak grove), as well as the Leonovsky forest. Mostly oak, linden and maple grew here. The dominant shrubs were hazel, honeysuckle and viburnum.

In the 16th century these forest lands belonged to the princes of Cherkasy. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich loved to come here to hunt.

The Ostankino forest and the village of Ostashevo were part of the dowry that Varvara Cherkasskaya received when she married Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev. In the 18th century The new owner of the Ostankino forest, Count Nikolai Sheremetev, built the Ostankino estate, and turned part of the grove adjacent to the estate into an English park. The waters of the Kamenka River fed five ponds located on the territory of the park.

The main entrance to the park is located at the end of Botanicheskaya Street, next to the Vladykino metro station. Two snow-white towers and openwork gates offer views of the main alley of the garden. Not far from the entrance there is a cascade of three small ponds. Willows and birches are planted around the first pond. On the left side is the main building. In the lobby there is a sculpture of the goddess Flora.

The Arboretum is the largest part of the Botanical Garden. It covers an area of ​​75 hectares and was built as a landscape park. The arboretum is based on a forest of tree species familiar to our region - oak, birch, spruce and pine. Many foreign plants are planted here, which are hidden from the wind and cold by local species. The trees are planted in small groves, and species of the same plant can be visually compared.

Walking along the paths of the arboretum is like traveling around the world. Here you can find North American thuja, Far Eastern aralia, Caucasian yew and Canadian spruce.

On the right side at the end of the main alley is the so-called “Garden of Continuous Flowering”. It is laid out in a vast clearing, bounded on one side by an oak forest and on the other by Kamensky Ponds, which are the border of the botanical garden and VDNKh. A garden is a kind of living calendar of plants. Trees and shrubs alternate on it with perennial herbs. From early spring to late autumn, the garden is filled with the bright colors of flowering plants. Primroses give way to summer varieties, and golden autumn gives park visitors bright red and yellow foliage. An unusual multi-stemmed specimen of the Manchurian walnut, slender spruce and juniper trees grow here.

In the center of the garden there is one of the most interesting ideas of the creators of the Botanical Garden: a protected oak grove, a kind of reserve within a reserve. This is the territory of the old Ostankino forest. Average age trees are over 150 years old, but two-hundred-year-old specimens are often found. Oaks, aspen, birch and rowan grow here. The undergrowth typical for it has also been preserved in the oak forest. The oak grove is surrounded by a fence. According to the original idea of ​​the creators of the reserve, only garden employees could enter its territory; there are almost no paths inside the oak grove. Unfortunately, poor funding does not currently allow us to maintain the purity of the experiment. The fence has simply fallen in many places, and only the lack of paths and the inaccessible appearance of the forest stops casual passers-by.

However, such an example of untouched nature, one of the northern oak forests of central Russia within the boundaries of a huge metropolis, - unique phenomenon in the world practice of park construction.

In 1987, the “Japanese Garden” exhibition was set up on the territory of the Botanical Garden. This most interesting exotic composition was created according to the design of the famous Japanese architect K. Nakajima. The garden combines Japanese flora and architectural elements. It's like a small island of Japan in the middle of Moscow. The territory of the garden is cut through by a network of streams and ponds, across which wooden bridges are thrown. The most beautiful time in the garden is spring, when the cherry blossoms bloom. In winter, the garden, covered with snow, is closed to the public. Traditional Japanese tea ceremonies take place in the garden.

In 1991, the Main Botanical Garden was named after Academician Nikolai Vasilyevich Tsitsin (1898-1980), an outstanding botanist, geneticist and breeder, the first director of the Garden, who led it for 35 years.

There are places in Moscow where eternal summer reigns. For example, in the greenhouse of the main Moscow Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsina. It houses one of the largest exhibitions in Russia with the rarest and most mysterious plants from different parts of the planet. Construction began in the mid-1980s. Height 33.5 m. Two blocks were built. One of them exhibits plants from Southeast Asia, equatorial Africa, India and the Amazon. Another box contains aquatic tropical plants. The opening is planned for the second quarter of 2015 for the 70th anniversary of the GBS HAPPY CITY DAY, MOSCOW! Greenhouse of the Main Botanical Garden. Moscow

Red camellia

During the festival, the greenhouse is transformed into a tropical paradise, where orchids of the most incredible colors and shapes look at you from everywhere, where colors, smells and even birdsong flow from all sides. Visitors will find entire cascades of orchids, many of which are located as in nature - on trunks trees. Not only orchids take part in the colorful show, but also hundreds of other flowering and decorative foliage plants: bromeliads, begonias, anthuriums of the most incredible shapes and shades - in total more than a thousand flowering specimens. Powerful vines climb the supports and ancient brickwork, centuries-old palm trees rise up to the glass roofs, fruits whose names are well known to us, but few have seen how they grow: coffee, cocoa, pineapples, black pepper, avocados are visible through the thickets.
Orchids are the largest family of the plant kingdom. Orchids make up almost a tenth of the total diversity of plants on Earth; they can be found on all continents except Antarctica, and in all types of climates except deserts (several dozen species are also found in the middle zone). The lion's share of the total diversity of orchids lives in the tropics, where every year botanists discover 100-200 new species.

Clivia. Family: Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllidaceae).. Homeland: South Africa. Clivia cinnabar (C. miniata (Lindl.) Regel). Synonym: Vallota miniata Lindl. It lives in shady places, from the coast rising into the mountains to an altitude of 600-800 m above sea level, in Natal (South Africa). Plants up to 50 cm tall. The leaves are xiphoid, widened at the base, tapering at the apex, 45-60 cm long and 3.5-6 cm wide. Peduncle 40-50 cm tall, with 10-20 flowers. The flowers are large, on pedicels 2.5-3 cm long, scarlet or red lead, funnel-shaped, with a yellow throat; petals 4-5 cm long. It blooms in February-May, less often at other times of the year. There are a number of varieties that differ in flower color, leaf size and plant height.

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Again-Kmelia.

The Cymbidium orchid, unlike other species of the Orchid family, does not require special conditions. This orchid can develop and bloom normally under normal home conditions. More than 60 species of cymbidium are known in nature, growing both in the rainy tropical forests of India, South and Southeast Asia, Japan, on the islands of the Malay Archipelago, and in the cool mountainous regions of Indochina and Australia. The leaves of the cymbidium orchid are narrow, long, and can be either pointed at the end or rounded. The solid green pseudobulbs bear up to eight long leaves each. Under favorable conditions, leaves on cymbidiums can last up to 3 years. Then the old leaves gradually die off, and young ones appear to replace them. Cymbidium flowers are fragrant, the smell is quite strong and pleasant. They stay on the peduncle for up to ten weeks. Flowers can be yellow, green, cream, brown, red, pink. Peduncles grow from the base of young pseudobulbs.

White azalea

Composition with orchids

In pink

White orchids

Red azalea

Pink azalea

White orchids

Lady's slipper

Exhibition of azaleas in the greenhouse of the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Ostankino. Rhododendron (Rhododendron) and Azalea (Azalea) are undoubtedly one of the most beautiful flowering shrubs in our gardens and parks. The name of the genus Rhododendron is of Greek origin and consists of two words: “rhodon” meaning “rose” and “dendron” meaning “tree”. Together it sounds like rosewood or rhododendron.
Translated from Greek, the word "azalea" literally means "dry". And indeed, before the rose-like flowers bloom, the plant is a dryish shrub with small, rough leaves, like paper.

White azalea flower

Delicate azalea

In the period 1950-1970. In the Botanical Garden, all the main expositions were built and collection areas were created - models of geographical landscapes of the USSR in the flora department, an extensive collection of floral and ornamental plants and the exhibitions "Rosary", "Garden of Continuous Flowering", "Garden of Coastal Plants" and "Shadow Garden". The Stock Greenhouse houses one of the largest collections of tropical and subtropical plants in Europe, numbering about 5,300 species and forms.
By a resolution of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences on December 2, 1991, the Main Botanical Garden was named after Academician N.V. Tsitsina.

The Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow is located in a place where there were once unique forests. Part of this forest area has been preserved thanks to the scientific and environmental activities of the botanical garden. For example, the Evgenievskaya Grove, which is part of the Ostankino oak grove, and the Leonovsky forest are first found in documents dating back to 1584. In those days, these lands belonged to the princes of Cherkasy, in whose lands the father of Peter I, Alexey Mikhailovich, often hunted.
After the Ostashkovo (Ostankino) estate, together with the adjacent lands, was purchased by Count Sheremetev in 1743, part of the grove was transformed. Count Nikolai Sheremetyev was a fan of modern gardening ideas and in the nearest part of the grove (in the Additional Garden), he laid out the English Park. When arranging the park, the English gardener tried, as befits the style, to achieve the naturalness of the landscape being formed. 5 artificial ponds were dug in the park, which were fed from the Kamenka River, a tributary of the Yauza. The main species growing in the park were oak, maple and linden, as well as hazel bushes. Honeysuckle, viburnum.
5 artificial ponds were dug, fed by water from the Kamenka River, one of the tributaries of the Yauza. From documentary sources it is known that the main tree species of the park were oak, linden and maple; Among the shrubs, hazel, honeysuckle and viburnum predominated.
Despite the fact that the official founding date of the Main Botanical Garden is April 14, 1945, the first project for its creation appeared back in 1940, its author was I.M. Petrov. According to the 1940 project, the botanical garden was supposed to border on the Circular Railway from the north, from the south - from the current Academician Korolev Street, from the west it was supposed to cover the territory of the Marfinsky complex, and in the east - to go to Mira Avenue. The new project of 1945 left the northern and southern borders the same, and from the west and east it was limited by Botanicheskaya and Selskokhozyaystvennaya streets. For both projects, the botanical garden included the territory of the All-Union Exhibition of Achievements Agriculture(now the All-Russian Exhibition Center), the Ostankino estate, Ostankino Park and partly the Leonovsky Forest. Both projects were distinguished by an excellent compositional solution, thoughtful zoning and conveniently located paths.
During the period from 1945 to 1969, by orders of the Union and Moscow governments, the Botanical Garden was transferred to the lands on which the main part of the exhibitions and production areas are now located. And in 1998, 331.49 hectares within the boundaries of the current property were transferred to the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences for indefinite use.
The modern layout of the botanical garden was designed in 1948-1950 by architect I.M. Petrov with the participation of academicians N.V. Tsitsin and A.V. Shchuseva. Part of the Leonovsky forest in the Yauza floodplain and a section along the Vladykinskoe highway were allocated for a nursery. The design of the ground part of the botanical garden, as well as the development of the idea of ​​​​creating an arboretum and artificial microlandscapes belong to L.E. Rosenberg, an architect who was educated in France. According to Rosenberg's design, one of the largest arboretums in the world was built, in which 1,900 species of plants grow, collected from different parts of the world.
Significant changes occurred in the Moscow City Botanical Garden between 1950 and 1970. During this time, the main exhibitions and collection areas were created, which represented models of the geographical landscapes of the USSR. A rich collection of floral and ornamental plants was collected: the Rose Garden, the Garden of Continuous Flowering, the Garden of Coastal Plants, and the Shadow Garden.
The stock greenhouse of the botanical garden in Moscow has one of the largest European collections of tropical and subtropical plants (about 5,300 species and forms). Thanks to its activities, the Moscow Botanical Garden became widely known not only in the USSR (later in Russia), but also abroad. The Botanical Garden cooperates with many famous botanical gardens and scientific institutions of other countries, and also participates in scientific research. In addition, the Main Botanical Garden is part of the Department of Biological Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
In 1991, by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Main Botanical Garden was named after Academician N.V. Tsitsin, who was the permanent director of the botanical garden for 35 years from the date of its foundation.