Simple formulas in physics. Physics formulas that are recommended to be learned and mastered to successfully pass the Unified State Exam

Cheat sheet with formulas in physics for the Unified State Exam

And not only (may be needed for grades 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11). First, a picture that can be printed in a compact form.

Cheat sheet with formulas in physics for the Unified State Exam and more (may be needed for grades 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11).

and more (may be needed for grades 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11).

And then a Word file that contains all the formulas to print, which are located at the bottom of the article.

Mechanics

Pressure P=F/S
Density ρ=m/V
Pressure at liquid depth P=ρ∙g∙h
Gravity Ft=mg
5. Archimedean force Fa=ρ f ∙g∙Vt
Equation of motion for uniformly accelerated motion

X=X 0 + υ 0 ∙t+(a∙t 2)/2 S=( υ 2 -υ 0 2) /2a S=( υ +υ 0) ∙t /2

Velocity equation for uniformly accelerated motion υ =υ 0 +a∙t
Acceleration a=( υ -υ 0)/t
Circular speed υ =2πR/T
Centripetal acceleration a= υ 2/R
Relationship between period and frequency ν=1/T=ω/2π
Newton's II law F=ma
Hooke's law Fy=-kx
Law of Gravity F=G∙M∙m/R 2
Weight of a body moving with acceleration a P=m(g+a)
Weight of a body moving with acceleration а↓ Р=m(g-a)
Friction force Ftr=µN
Body momentum p=m υ
Force impulse Ft=∆p
Moment of force M=F∙ℓ
Potential energy of a body raised above the ground Ep=mgh
Potential energy of an elastically deformed body Ep=kx 2 /2
Kinetic energy body Ek=m υ 2 /2
Work A=F∙S∙cosα
Power N=A/t=F∙ υ
Efficiency η=Ap/Az
Oscillation period of a mathematical pendulum T=2π√ℓ/g
Oscillation period spring pendulum T=2 π √m/k
The equation harmonic vibrationsХ=Хmax∙cos ωt
Relationship between wavelength, its speed and period λ= υ T

Molecular physics and thermodynamics

Amount of substance ν=N/Na
Molar mass M=m/ν
Wed. kin. energy of monatomic gas molecules Ek=3/2∙kT
Basic MKT equation P=nkT=1/3nm 0 υ 2
Gay-Lussac's law (isobaric process) V/T =const
Charles's law (isochoric process) P/T =const
Relative humidity φ=P/P 0 ∙100%
Int. energy ideal. monatomic gas U=3/2∙M/µ∙RT
Gas work A=P∙ΔV
Boyle's law - Mariotte (isothermal process) PV=const
Amount of heat during heating Q=Cm(T 2 -T 1)
Amount of heat during melting Q=λm
Amount of heat during vaporization Q=Lm
Amount of heat during fuel combustion Q=qm
Equation of state of an ideal gas PV=m/M∙RT
First law of thermodynamics ΔU=A+Q
Efficiency of heat engines η= (Q 1 - Q 2)/ Q 1
Efficiency is ideal. engines (Carnot cycle) η= (T 1 - T 2)/ T 1

Electrostatics and electrodynamics - formulas in physics

Coulomb's law F=k∙q 1 ∙q 2 /R 2
Tension electric field E=F/q
Electrical tension point charge field E=k∙q/R 2
Surface density charges σ = q/S
Electrical tension fields of an infinite plane E=2πkσ
Dielectric constant ε=E 0 /E
Potential energy of interaction. charges W= k∙q 1 q 2 /R
Potential φ=W/q
Point charge potential φ=k∙q/R
Voltage U=A/q
For a uniform electric field U=E∙d
Electric capacity C=q/U
Electric capacity of a flat capacitor C=S∙ ε ∙ε 0 /d
Energy of a charged capacitor W=qU/2=q²/2С=CU²/2
Current strength I=q/t
Conductor resistance R=ρ∙ℓ/S
Ohm's law for the circuit section I=U/R
Laws of the last. connections I 1 =I 2 =I, U 1 +U 2 =U, R 1 +R 2 =R
Laws parallel. conn. U 1 =U 2 =U, I 1 +I 2 =I, 1/R 1 +1/R 2 =1/R
Power electric current P=I∙U
Joule-Lenz law Q=I 2 Rt
Ohm's law for a complete circuit I=ε/(R+r)
Short circuit current (R=0) I=ε/r
Magnetic induction vector B=Fmax/ℓ∙I
Ampere power Fa=IBℓsin α
Lorentz force Fl=Bqυsin α
Magnetic fluxФ=BSсos α Ф=LI
Law of electromagnetic induction Ei=ΔФ/Δt
induced emf in the moving conductor Ei=Вℓ υ sinα
Self-induction EMF Esi=-L∙ΔI/Δt
Energy magnetic field coils Wm=LI 2 /2
Oscillation period no. circuit T=2π ∙√LC
Inductive reactance X L =ωL=2πLν
Capacitance Xc=1/ωC
Effective current value Id=Imax/√2,
Effective voltage value Uд=Umax/√2
Impedance Z=√(Xc-X L) 2 +R 2

Optics

Law of light refraction n 21 =n 2 /n 1 = υ 1 / υ 2
Refractive index n 21 =sin α/sin γ
Thin lens formula 1/F=1/d + 1/f
Lens optical power D=1/F
max interference: Δd=kλ,
min interference: Δd=(2k+1)λ/2
Differential grid d∙sin φ=k λ

The quantum physics

Einstein's formula for the photoelectric effect hν=Aout+Ek, Ek=U z e
Red border of the photoelectric effect ν k = Aout/h
Photon momentum P=mc=h/ λ=E/s

Physics of the atomic nucleus

Law of radioactive decay N=N 0 ∙2 - t / T
Binding energy of atomic nuclei

E CB =(Zm p +Nm n -Мя)∙c 2

ONE HUNDRED

t=t 1 /√1-υ 2 /c 2
ℓ=ℓ 0 ∙√1-υ 2 /c 2
υ 2 =(υ 1 +υ)/1+ υ 1 ∙υ/c 2
E = m With 2

So, as they say, from elementary to complex. Let's start with the kinetic formulas:

Let's also remember the movement in a circle:

Slowly but surely we moved on to a more complex topic - dynamics:

After dynamics, you can move on to statics, that is, to the conditions of equilibrium of bodies relative to the axis of rotation:

After statics, we can consider hydrostatics:

Where would we be without the topic “Work, energy and power”. It is the basis for many interesting but difficult tasks. Therefore, you can’t do without formulas here:

Basic formulas of thermodynamics and molecular physics

The last topic in mechanics is “Oscillations and Waves”:

Now we can safely move on to molecular physics:

Basic formulas of electricity

For many students, the topic about electricity is more difficult than the topic about thermodynamics, but it is no less important. So, let's start with electrostatics:

Let's move on to direct electric current:

Electromagnetic induction too important topic for knowledge and understanding of physics. Of course, formulas on this topic are necessary:

And, of course, where would we be without electromagnetic oscillations:

Basic formulas of optical physics

Let's move on to the next section in physics - optics. Here are 8 basic formulas you need to know. Rest assured, optics problems are common:

Basic formulas of the elements of the theory of relativity

One last thing you need to know before the exam. Problems on this topic come across less frequently than the previous ones, but there are:

Basic formulas of light quanta

These formulas have to be used often due to the fact that there are many problems on the topic “Light quanta”. So, let's look at them:

We can finish here. Of course, there are still a huge number of formulas in physics, but you don’t really need them.

These were the basic formulas of physics

In the article we have prepared 50 formulas that will be needed on the exam in 99 cases out of 100.

Advice: Print out all the formulas and take them with you. While typing, you will somehow look at the formulas, memorizing them. In addition, with the basic physics formulas in your pocket, you will feel much more confident in the exam than without them.

We hope you liked the selection of formulas!

P.S. Are 50 formulas in physics enough for you, or does the article need to be supplemented? Write in the comments.

More than 50 basic formulas in physics with explanations updated: November 22, 2019 by: Scientific Articles.Ru

As a rule, it is mathematics, and not physics, that is considered to be the queen of the exact sciences. We believe that this statement is controversial, because technical progress is impossible without knowledge of physics and its development. Due to its complexity, it is unlikely to ever be included in the list of mandatory state exams, but, one way or another, applicants to technical specialties have to take it without fail. The most difficult thing is to remember the numerous laws and formulas in physics for the Unified State Exam; we will talk about them in this article.

Secrets of preparation

Perhaps this is due to the apparent complexity of the subject or the popularity of professions in the humanities and management, but in 2016 only 24% of all applicants decided to take physics, in 2017 - only 16%. Such statistics involuntarily make one wonder whether the requirements are too high or whether the level of intelligence in the country is simply falling. For some reason I can’t believe that so few 11th grade students want to become:

engineers;
jewelers;
aircraft designers;
geologists;
pyrotechnicians;
ecologists,
production technologists, etc.

Knowledge of the formulas and laws of physics is equally necessary for developers of intelligent systems, computer technology, equipment and weapons. At the same time, everything is interconnected. For example, specialists producing medical equipment once studied an in-depth course in atomic physics, because without isotope separation, we will have neither X-ray equipment nor radiation therapy. Therefore, the creators of the Unified State Exam tried to take into account all the topics of the school course and, it seems, did not miss a single one.

Those students who regularly attended all physics lessons until the last bell know that in the period from 5th to 11th grade about 450 formulas are studied. It is extremely difficult to single out at least 50 of these four and a half hundred, since they are all important. The developers of the Codifier obviously also adhere to a similar opinion. However, if you are unusually gifted and not limited in time, 19 formulas will be enough for you, because if you wish, you can derive all the rest from them. We decided to take the main sections as a basis:

mechanics;
molecular physics;
electromagnetism and electricity;
optics;
atomic physics.

Obviously, preparation for the Unified State Exam should be daily, but if for some reason you have started studying all the material only now, a real miracle can be accomplished by the express course offered by our center. We hope these 19 formulas will also be useful to you:

You probably noticed that some physics formulas for passing the Unified State Exam left without explanation? We leave it to you to study them yourself and discover the laws by which absolutely everything is done in this world.

The session is approaching, and it’s time for us to move from theory to practice. Over the weekend we sat down and thought that many students would benefit from having a collection of basic physics formulas at their fingertips. Dry formulas with explanation: short, concise, nothing superfluous. A very useful thing when solving problems, you know. And during an exam, when exactly what was memorized the day before might “jump out of your head,” such a selection will serve an excellent purpose.

The most problems are usually asked in the three most popular sections of physics. This Mechanics, thermodynamics And Molecular physics, electricity. Let's take them!

Basic formulas in physics dynamics, kinematics, statics

Let's start with the simplest. The good old favorite straight and uniform movement.

Kinematics formulas:

Of course, let's not forget about motion in a circle, and then we'll move on to dynamics and Newton's laws.

After dynamics, it’s time to consider the conditions of equilibrium of bodies and liquids, i.e. statics and hydrostatics

Now we present the basic formulas on the topic “Work and Energy”. Where would we be without them?

Basic formulas of molecular physics and thermodynamics

Let's finish the mechanics section with formulas for oscillations and waves and move on to molecular physics and thermodynamics.

The efficiency factor, the Gay-Lussac law, the Clapeyron-Mendeleev equation - all these formulas dear to the heart are collected below.

By the way! There is now a discount for all our readers 10% on .

Basic formulas in physics: electricity

It's time to move on to electricity, even though it is less popular than thermodynamics. Let's start with electrostatics.

And, to the beat of the drum, we end with formulas for Ohm’s law, electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic oscillations.

That's all. Of course, a whole mountain of formulas could be cited, but this is of no use. When there are too many formulas, you can easily get confused and even melt your brain. We hope our cheat sheet of basic physics formulas will help you solve your favorite problems faster and more efficiently. And if you want to clarify something or haven’t found the right formula: ask the experts student service. Our authors keep hundreds of formulas in their heads and crack problems like nuts. Contact us, and soon any task will be up to you.