Project during ancient Rus'. During the times of ancient Rus', a presentation for a lesson on the world around us (grade 4) on the topic

Slide 8

The head of Rus' was the Grand Duke of Kyiv. In peacetime, the princes ruled the life of the Slavic tribes, and when enemies came, they became military leaders. The boyars were the prince's advisers and assistants. The faithful and devoted princely squad was the support and support of the head of Rus'.

Slide 9

Byzantium was a powerful neighbor of Rus'. They either fought with it or made peace with it. The Russian prince Oleg sent a huge fleet of 2,000 ships to Byzantium. To block the fleet's path, the Byzantines blocked the entrance to the harbor with a huge chain.

Slide 10

Then Oleg, according to legend, put his boats on wheels and, waiting for a fair wind, moved under sail to the walls of the city. Under the cover of ships, Russian soldiers were able to freely approach the city. And to intimidate the Greeks, the Rus, during their attack, released a large number of kites into the sky.

Slide 11

Frightened by the unprecedented spectacle, the Byzantines immediately asked for peace. According to custom, Prince Oleg nailed his shield to the gates of Constantinople. A peace treaty was concluded between Russia and Byzantium.

Slide 12

Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich

• One of the first Russian princes was Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich.
• It was the custom of the Russian people to give nicknames to their rulers. Vladimir was nicknamed the Red Sun.
• Vladimir was a skilled warrior and a wise ruler. He turned Rus' into a huge power, which was spoken of with respect in Europe. It was difficult to govern such a power, and even more difficult to defend it.

Slide 13

The most dangerous was the southern border: warlike Pechenegs threatened from the south of Rus'. Prince Vladimir ordered the construction of fortresses on the southern border, and from the fortresses to Kyiv itself - signal towers with bonfires.

Slide 14

Many interesting epics have been written about the reign of Vladimir. It was in his squad that there were the famous Russian heroes Ilya Muromets and Nikita Kozhemyaka, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich.

Slide 15

In 988 - more than a thousand years ago - Prince Vladimir the Red Sun introduced a new religion to Rus' - Christianity. At that time, the Christian religion - faith in Jesus Christ - was widespread in most European countries. Prince Vladimir decided that if Rus' also became Christian, it would be much more convenient for it to negotiate with neighboring countries.

Slide 16

The first to receive Baptism were Prince Vladimir himself and his squad.

Slide 17

Then the prince forced the people of Kiev to be baptized. The prince's servants traveled around the entire city and notified when and where to come. “If no one comes to the river tomorrow - be it rich or poor - let him be my enemy!” - announced the prince.

An open lesson on the world around us, conducted in 4th grade.

Teacher: Baranova O.V., primary school teacher, MBOU “TsO No. 1”, Tula

Lesson type: A lesson in discovering new knowledge.

Textbook: Pleshakov “The world around us, grade 4.”

Lesson topic: During the times of Ancient Rus'.

Lesson objectives: to form an idea of ​​​​Ancient Rus', Russian princes; develop oral speech, the ability to work with a historical map; cultivate interest in history.

Equipment: computer, multimedia projector, Power Point presentation.

During the classes.

Organizing time.

Here are the books on the table, and here are the notebooks,

And I want to play hide and seek today,

And there’s no time to blow on a paper ship -

Today the kids have a very important lesson in class!

Checking homework.

In the last lesson you got acquainted with the life of the Ancient Slavs. Tell us about their activities.

Describe the dwelling of the Ancient Slavs. (Project protection)

Tell us about the gods that the Ancient Slavs worshiped and about Slavic holidays.

3. Explanation of new material.

Slide 1.

Today in the lesson we will go to Ancient Kyiv to visit Prince Vladimir. But first, let's talk about Ancient Rus'.

The Slavs did not have the same government as we have now. They did not have sovereigns, and in each family the eldest was in charge of all affairs. For important matters, the elders met at veches (secular gatherings) and decided matters together. Only later did the princes begin to rule. When they began to reign, who they were, and how the Russian state began is not known for certain. The chronicle tells the following about this. There was no agreement between the Slavic tribes, but they always had quarrels and fights. Some tribes, judging that no good could come from this, decided to choose a prince for themselves at the veche, not from among their own, but from strangers, so as not to indulge their relatives. For this purpose, ambassadors were sent overseas to the neighboring Varangian tribe of Rus', and they were ordered to make the following speech: “Our land is great and abundant, but there is no order in it, come to reign and rule over us.” Three Varangian-Russian princes Rurik and his two brothers came to us and began to reign: Rurik himself sat in Novgorod, and he sent his brothers to other cities. This is how the Russian state began in 862 after the Nativity of Christ. On behalf of the family of the first princes it was called Russia.

Slide 2.

2. Working with a historical map (item No. 1 p. 15).

Look at the map on p.41 of the textbook. What do you need to know to read it? (Conventional signs)

What color does the map show the territory of Ancient Rus' at the end of the 9th century? (Light green). Color this area on the outline map in your workbook.

What color does the map show the territory of Ancient Rus' in the middle of the 11th century? (Green). Color this area on the outline map in your workbook.

Compare territories. Why do you think the territory has increased? (Princes conquered lands).

Find the Dnieper River. What cities can you get to while traveling along it? (Pereyaslavl, Kyiv, Chernigov, Smolensk, Novgorod.)

The main roads connecting residents were rivers and seas. Boats and rafts of settlers to new lands, as well as merchant caravans, sailed along them. It was along the Dnieper River that the most important trade route “from the Varangians to the Greeks” passed. Mark it with a red line on the contour map.

By the middle of the 11th century, Rus' occupied the space from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. It was impossible to manage such a vast land without strict order. The head of Rus' was the Grand Duke of Kiev, his advisers and assistants were the boyars, and his support and support was the faithful and devoted princely squad. The princes strengthened Rus', maintained order within the country, and took care of its security.

Slide 3.

Prince Vladimir’s services to Russia are great. Epics glorify him and call him the Red Sun. Vladimir Svyatoslavovich, the youngest son of Prince Svyatoslav, took the Kiev throne after the murder of his brother Yaropolk. Prince Vladimir was a skilled warrior and wise ruler. He turned Rus' into a huge power, which was spoken of with respect in Europe. The entire period of his reign can be divided into two stages: pagan and Christian. The reign of Vladimir is considered the period of the rise of Rus'.

Slide 4.

What do you think are the reasons for religious reform?

Prince Vladimir sought to unite the Slavic tribes and protect Russian lands from nomads. Therefore, he decided to carry out religious reform. Her motto was the words “One god in heaven, one prince on earth.”

What is reform? (working with a dictionary)

REFORM- transformations, changes aimed at improvement.

Slide 5.

At first, Vladimir decided to carry out pagan reform and proclaimed Perun the supreme god. The rest of the gods were preserved, but “subordinated” to Perun. However, this reform failed. The Slavs did not understand why Perun suddenly became the main god, and therefore they continued to worship the other gods, with each tribe still worshiping its own god.

Slide 6.

Vladimir began to look for another religion. According to legend, he invited ambassadors from Volga Bulgaria (Islam), Khazaria (Judaism) and Byzantium (Orthodoxy), and they told him about their faith. Then the prince's ambassadors were sent to these countries and, only after listening to their report, Vladimir chose Christianity, because this religion was widespread in most European countries. Prince Vladimir decided that if Rus' also became Christian, it would be much more convenient for it to negotiate with neighboring countries. The prince himself was baptized during his trip to Korsun.

Slide 7.

In 988, Vladimir baptized Rus'. The first were the people of Kiev. Byzantine priests arrived in Kyiv. On the appointed day, the city residents were driven into the Dnieper, the monks sprinkled them with holy water and read a prayer. Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich watched what was happening from a high hill. Those who did not want to part with the former gods were, on his orders, driven into the Dnieper by force. Following Kiev, Vladimir the Red Sun introduced Christianity in other Russian cities. In Novgorod, baptism almost ended in an uprising. The Novgorod governor forcibly forced residents to be baptized, burning the houses and estates of all dissatisfied people. In Kyiv, the main street is still called Khreshchatyk in memory of the baptism.

Slide 8.

Of course, the Russians did not immediately become stronger in the new faith. For a long time they were Christians only in name and still celebrated pagan rituals and festivals. Even today, pagan customs, such as caroling, have not completely disappeared. However, the adoption of Christianity played a huge role in our history. Faith in God the Savior made people more honest, more tolerant, taught them to respect state power and help the poor and unfortunate. In Rus', the power of the prince strengthened, writing spread, there were more educated people, and culture developed. The Old Russian state ceased to be considered pagan and became one of the European Christian countries.

Slide 9.

Prince Vladimir himself, having accepted the new faith, as the chronicler says, completely changed: from being harsh and cruel, he became kind and affectionate to everyone, and generous to the poor. Fearing sin, he did not even want to execute the robbers. On Sundays and other Christian holidays, the prince hosted feasts, which brought together boyars and spiritual people of every rank from all over the Russian land. The prince ordered the sick to deliver bread, meat, and honey to their homes. For the introduction of Christianity, Vladimir was called by the church as a Saint and Equal to the Apostles.

4. Consolidation of what has been learned.

1. Work in a workbook.

№2 p.16

№5 p.17

№3 p.16

№4 p.16

It was the custom of the Russian people to give nicknames to their rulers. What did people call Prince Vladimir? (Red Sun.) Why? (He was a wise ruler and a skilled warrior.)

5. Lesson summary, homework.

Today in class we visited Ancient Kyiv visiting Prince Vladimir.

What important event in history did you learn about? (About the baptism of Rus'.)

What is the significance of Russia's adoption of Christianity? (Its connections with other states have strengthened and its authority has grown.)

D/z: pp.40-45 retell.

Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 11

With. Krasnogvardeiskoe

"In the times of Ancient Rus'"

(summary of the lesson about the world around us

in 4th grade)

Prepared and carried out

Primary school teacher

Shiryaeva E.P.

Target: - to form in students an idea of

Ancient Rus', Russian princes, about the life of the ancient Slavs, their religion;

Develop students' oral speech,
imagination, fantasy, ability to work with
by card;

■"!

- cultivate a love of history

During the classes

I Organizational moment

Here are the books on the table, and here are the notebooks,

And I want to play hide and seek today,

And there’s no time to blow on a paper ship -

Today the kids have a very important lesson in class!

II Checking homework.

Verification testing:

Option 1/

A. Eastern Slavs;

b. Western Slavs;

V. South Slavs;

2. The ancient Slavs lived:

A. Families;

b. By oneself;

V. By tribes

A. Clays;

b. Metal;

V. Trees;

4. The god of thunder and lightning among the ancient Slavs was:

A. Zeus;

b. Perun;

V. Mars;
Option 2

1. The ancient Slavs lived:

A. Families;

b. By oneself;

V. By tribes;

2. The settlement of the ancient Slavs spread out:

A. In the western part of Europe;

b. In the eastern part of Europe;

V. In central Europe.

3. The Slavs built their houses:

A. Made of stone;

b. Made of brick;

V. From tree pillars;

4. Ivan Kupala holiday:

A. In honor of water;

b. In honor of the Sun;

V. In honor of the Earth;

Option 3

1. Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians descended from:

A. Eastern Slavs;

b. Western Slavs;

V. South Slavs;

2. The ancient Slavs lived:

A. Families;

b. By oneself;

V. By tribes;

3. The ancient Slavs made dishes from:

A. Clays;

b. Metal;

V. Trees;

4. The Slavs built their houses: *

A. Made of stone;

b. Made of brick;

V. From tree pillars;

5. Ivan Kupala holiday:

A. In honor of water;

b. In honor of the Sun;

V. In honor of the Earth;

6. The Slavs lived in tribes in order to work together:

A. Agriculture;

b. Beekeeping;

V. Fishing;

III Message, themes and goals.

The Slavs did not have the same government as we have now. In every family, the eldest was in charge of all affairs. For important matters, the elders met forever and decided matters together. Only later did the princes begin to rule. There was no agreement between the Slavic tribes, but they still had quarrels and; fights. Some tribes decided at the meeting to choose a prince not from among their own. And from strangers, so as not to indulge his relatives. For this purpose, ambassadors were sent overseas. Three Varangian-Russian princes Rurik and his two brothers came to us and began to reign: Rurik himself sat in Novgorod, and he sent his brothers to other cities. This is how the Russian state began in 862. On behalf of the first princes it was called Russia.

Today we will go on a journey to the times of ancient Rus'. (Slide 1)

"In the times of Ancient Rus'"

IV. Learning new material.

1. Teacher's explanation.In 879, Rurik died, leaving behind his young son Igor. Rurik’s relative Oleg took all matters into his own hands, uniting the two ancient Russian state centers Novgorod and Kyiv. This was the beginning of the Russian state. (Slide2)

“Portrait of Prince Oleg” Oleg continued the unification of the Slavic lands. From its very origins, Rus' set itself the task of mastering the mouths of the Dnieper and Danube. In 907 The campaign against Byzantium began. At the beginning of summer, a huge Russian army on boats moved towards Constantinople. The Greeks closed the bay with a huge chain, throwing it from one shore to the other. to prevent ships from entering the harbor. Unable to take the city with its mighty walls with a direct attack, the Russians landed on the shore, fought the outskirts of the city, took huge booty, and then pulled the ships onto land, put them on wheels, raised sails and covered them with boats. defending from enemies, they moved under the very walls of the city. The Greeks were horrified at the sight of this unusual sight and asked for peace. A peace treaty was concluded. Having united the Slavic lands and defended them from the onslaught of foreigners, Oleg received the title of Grand Duke. The people could not believe that one person could have success in everything, thinking that he had some kind of power, they nicknamed him the Prophetic.

2.Working with the textbook from 42

1. Read the text on p. 40-42. name the main roads that connected the inhabitants of these places with each other. (Rivers and seas. Merchant caravans, boats and rafts of settlers sailed along them to new lands.)
2. Who was the head of Rus'? (The head of Rus' was the Grand Duke of Kiev, and his advisers and assistants were the boyars.)
3. Which of the Russian princes was especially famous for his military exploits? (Russian Prince Oleg)

3.Working with the map.

1. Look at the map on p. 41 textbooks. Show the territory of ancient Rus' at the end of the 9th century, and in the middle of the 11th century. Compare. (The territory of ancient Rus' increased by the middle of the 11th century.)
2. Why do you think the territory increased? (The prince conquered the lands.)
3. Find the Dnieper River. Which cities can you get to while traveling along the Dnieper River?

4. Physical education minute.

(Music sounds).

1. Guys, close your eyes, relax. You fell asleep. You will have wonderful dreams.
2. But now we woke up, what did you dream about? What did you imagine while listening to music?
3. Now cheer up, let's continue our lesson.

V. Teacher's explanation.

While you and I were sleeping, several years passed and we found ourselves in the reign of Prince Vladimir.

(Slide 3)

Portrait of Prince Vladimir.

It was the custom of the Russian people to give their rulers a nickname. Prince Vladimir was called the Red Sun because his deeds were understood by the people and appreciated by them. He was a skilled warrior and a wise ruler. He turned Rus' into a huge power that was talked about in Europe. It was difficult to govern such a power. The most dangerous was the southern border: warlike Pechenegs threatened from the south of Rus'.

Prince Vladimir ordered the construction of a fortress on the southern border. At a ford on a hill or embankment after 20 km. other| from a friend to set up signal towers with fires that were lit in case of danger.

It was in the squad of Vladimir Svyatoslavovich that there were famous Russian heroes: Ilya Muromets, Nikita Kozhemyaka, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich.

1. Do you know these names?
2. What works do you know about Russian heroes?
3. Who is called a hero?

VI. Work from paintings.

Russian heroes are glorified not only in epics, but also by artists
dedicate their work to them. Look at the reproduction of the painting by V.M.
Vasnetsov "Three heroes"

(Slide 4)

Reproduction of a painting by V.M. Vasnetsova

VII. Teacher's story.

Another of the main events that took place in Ancient Rus' during
the reign of Prince Vladimir - the baptism of Rus'.

Our ancestors were still pagans at that time, they believed in many gods, erected idols for them and worshiped them. The main deities of the Russian Slavs were: Perun - the god of thunder and lightning (Slide 5) Image of Perun

Volos is the god of cattle, Stribog is the god of wind. Besides these main gods,
The Slavs still believed in goblins, water goblins, and brownies. If something happened
misfortune, the harvest failed, the house burned down, if there was luck, then again
by the grace of the gods. To appease an angry god or something
to enlist his mercy, sacrifices were made to him, idols were hung
various gifts, they slaughtered some animal and burned it.
The fire, the pagans thought, would hand over what was burned to God, and he, having had his fill
food, will become more merciful to the donor. Worn on important occasions
for the slaughter of living people. The pagans thought that such sacrifices were the most
pleasing to God, and did them in times of trouble. To appease the deity
or in gratitude for some particularly happy occasion,
for example, for defeating enemies. These victims were slaughtered by lot. But
little by little the Christian faith began to spread throughout Rus'. Often,
converging to trade with Christian peoples (Greeks, Bulgarians,
living on the Danube), the Russians became more and more familiar with their faith and
many were baptized. Among the first to receive holy baptism was Princess Olga,
called for this reason Blessed and Holy. She persuaded both her son and her son
to be baptized, but he did not agree. Olga's grandson, Prince Vladimir, at first too -
diligently served the pagan gods, set up many idols, brought them
victims. But soon he began to think, and he finally realized that bringing faith
victims are not gods at all. Therefore, Vladimir decided to change his faith.

VIII. Working with the textbook

1. Read the text on page 44
2. Which prince in Rus' was called the Red Sun?
3. Why was he called that?
4. Name the Russian heroes.
5. Why did people create legends and epics about them?
6. What other mark did Prince Vladimir leave in history?

IX. Work in workbooks.
S. 17 No. 2

1. What is baptism?
2. Write down this definition. S. 18 No. 3

Give an explanation for the name of the main street of modern Kyiv,
write it down.

P.18 No.4

1. What words can be assembled from these syllables?
2. Connect the syllables with arrows. What do these words mean? S. 18 No. 5

Read the statement and circle the correct answer.
(Mutual check of notebooks)

T/Reinforcement of learned material
Work in groups using cards
Card 1.

1. What was the main road connecting residents among themselves?
Ancient Rus'.

2. What seas were they connected to by waterways?
Card 2

/. On the banks of which river did the city of Kyiv arise?

2. Who ruled Ancient Russia? Who helped him? Card 3

/. What did the princes do?

2. Which Russian prince is famous for his campaigns? Card 4

/. Why did people call Prince Oleg prophetic?

2. How did the baptism of Rus' take place? Card 5

U. How does Christianity differ from paganism?

2. Did the people easily accept the new faith? Card 6

/. How is paganism different from Christianity?

2. Why in many countries were the rulers the first to be baptized?

VI Summing up the lesson.

1. Which Russian princes did we meet today?
2. In what year did the Baptism of Rus' take place?

VII. The task is not a house.

Answer the questions in the textbook p. 45

Learning new material

Stage goals:Ensure perception, comprehension and primary consolidation of the math being studiedrial.

- Can Ancient Rus' be called a STATE?Prove it.

- Did the Ancient Slavs have a state?Prove it.

Teacher's story.

The Slavs did not have the same government as we have now. In every family, the eldest was in charge of all affairs. For important matters, the elders met at a meeting and decided matters together. Only later did the princes begin to rule. There was no agreement between the Slavic tribes, but they still had quarrels; fights. Some tribes decided at the meeting to choose a prince not from among their own. And from strangers, so as not to indulge his relatives. For this purpose, ambassadors were sent overseas. Three Varangian-Russian princes Rurik and his two brothers came to us and began to reign: Rurik himself sat in Novgorod, and he sent his brothers to other cities. This is how the Russian state began in 862. On behalf of the first princes it was called Russia.

What could foreigners see when they entered the territory of Ancient Rus' at the beginning of the 1st century? Let's read excerpts from their statements.

(cards with text are distributed).

-Dear guests! Welcome to Ancient Rus'. – What interesting things did you see here?

“The path to this country goes through steppes and roadless lands through streams and dense forests. The country of the Slavs is flat and wooded..."

(Ibn Ruste, Arab writer of the 1st century)

“The land here is covered with forests of various types... The winter is so severe that there is an unbearable cold there for eight months. At this time, even if you pour water on the ground, there will be no dirt, unless you light a fire... Such cold weather continues for eight months, and the remaining four months are not warm... Apart from many huge rivers, there is nothing else of interest in this country.”

“Borisfen (as the Dnieper River was called in ancient times) is the most profitable river: beautiful, rich pastures for livestock stretch along its banks; it contains the best fish in large quantities; The water tastes good for drinking and is clear.”

(Herodotus, ancient Greek historian)

- Merchants traveled to Ancient Rus' from different parts of the world. They carried a variety of goods.

- On the route of trade caravans, an ancient city arose - Kyiv, which later became the capital of Ancient Rus'.

Gradually, the area of ​​Ancient Rus' expanded.

SLIDE 7.

In 879, Oleg received power over the Novgorod lands after the death of Rurik.

In 882, Oleg annexed Kyiv to Novgorod Rus' and moved the capital there.

“And Oleg, the prince, sat down in Kyiv, and Oleg said: “Let this be the mother of Russian cities.” (The Tale of Bygone Years)

Why did Kyiv become the Capital of Ancient Rus'?

Exercise SLIDE 8.

- Look at the map on p. 41 textbooks.

Find the territory of Ancient Rus' at the end of the 9th century.

Show the territory of Ancient Rus' of the 9th century on the map on the board.

You have contour maps on your tables. Circle the borders of Ancient Rus' in the 9th century with a green pencil.

Draw the main trade route “from the Varangians to the Greeks” with a red pencil.

SLIDE 9.

With the arrival of Prince Vladimir, the size of the territory of Ancient Rus' increased and the borders expanded. Why?

Compare these territories.

How did the territory of Ancient Rus' change?

Why do you think?

You have cards. Circle the borders of Rus' in the 11th century.

Has the border of Rus' increased?

Consolidation of the studied material.

Each city was ruled by its own prince. But they all obeyed the Kyiv prince. He was considered the ruler of Rus', the head of state was called the Grand Duke.

Read the article about him on p. 42 in the textbook

The prince could not rule such a territory alone?

- There were also epic warriors.

SLIDE 10.

PHYSMINUTE

The Kiev prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich entered history. He was sung by epics and legends.

Read the text

us. 43-44 textbook.

Answer the questions

What became the main concern of Prince Vladimir?

What did the prince do to protect his territories?

What epic heroes of that time do we know about?

There were many heroes in Rus', and the epic BOGATYRS combined all the qualities of the best heroes. (bravery, courage, wisdom, love for the Motherland).

SLIDE 11.

Painting by Viktor Vasnetsov “Three Heroes”.

Before Vasnetsov created this canvas, he studied the surviving chronicles, archives, folk tales, and epics that mentioned heroes. The picture shows three mighty Russian heroes. They peer into the distance to see if the enemy is moving towards their native land. The Russian land is wide and vast. It has many forests and rivers. They often had to fight for this territory. So the Russian people dreamed of heroes who could protect it. They composed songs and epics about them.

- What else did Prince Vladimir become famous for? Now we will watch a film about this.

VIDEO.SLIDE 12.

- He went down in history as the baptist of Rus'.

Who was the first to receive Baptism?

SLIDE 13.

SLIDE 14.

In the last lesson, we already talked about what the Slavs believed in. Remember what they worshiped? (natural phenomena)

The life of ancient man depended on nature. Not knowing the reasons for the origin of natural phenomena, people attributed them to the will of the gods. The Slavs believed that there were many gods. This faith is called paganism.

The chronicle contains a story about how Prince Vladimir sent his people to different countries to get acquainted with different religions and tell him about them. In 988, Rus' adopted Christianity, a religion that came to us from the Greeks from Byzantium. How did this ritual take place?

- What did Vladimir order to do with the idols?

SLIDE 15.

Vladimir ordered all the statues of idols to be thrown into rivers or burned.

-Who does mom call sunshine? Why?

- Why was Vladimir popularly called the Red Sun?

- For the introduction of Christianity in Rus', Vladimir is recognized by the church as a Saint..

Plan

1. Formation of the Old Russian state.

1. Formation of the Old Russian state.

Main roads Ancient Rus' there were lakes, rivers, seas. Trade caravans, boats and rafts of settlers to new lands sailed along them. The waterways of the ancient Slavs led north to the Baltic Sea, and in the south to the Caspian and Black Seas. Through the southern seas it was possible to get to Byzantium, to the capital Constantinople (Constantinople).

This trade route was called "from the Varangians to the Greeks." Varangians called the inhabitants of Northern Europe, and Greeks - inhabitants of Byzantium.

On this route, Novgorod was founded on Lake Ilmen, and Kyiv was founded on the steep bank of the Dnieper.

Residents of Novgorod in 862 called for reign of Rurik . After him Prince of Novgorod became Oleg and in 882 united Novgorod and Kyiv under his rule. As a result, the Old Russian state arose, the capital of which was in Kyiv. Oleg became the Grand Duke of Kyiv.

The territory of Ancient Rus' was inhabited by the Eastern Slavs and other peoples: Ves, Muroma, Vod, Chud, Merya, Uvrels, Izhora.

2. Management in Ancient Rus'.

The head of the Old Russian state was the Grand Duke of Kiev. The boyars were assistants and advisers. And the support and support are the princely squad (warriors).

The princes maintained order in Rus' and took care of its safety.

Prince Oleg nicknamed prophetic , because the people marveled at his successes during the campaigns. So Prince Oleg moved a fleet of two thousand ships to Byzantium. The Byzantines blocked the way to the harbor with a huge chain. Then Prince Oleg ordered the boats to be put on wheels and moved them towards the city. The unprecedented sight frightened the Byzantines, and they asked for peace. Prince Oleg arrived with his shield at the gates of Constantinople and a peace treaty was concluded between Russia and Byzantium.

The reign of the great princes of Kyiv:

• Igor Rurikovich - Prince of Kiev (912 - 945).
• Saint Olga (baptized Elena) is a Russian princess, the wife of Igor Rurikovich. After his death, she began to rule Russia for her young son Svyatoslav.
• Svyatoslav Igorevich (son of Princess Olga and Prince Igor). He fought a lot.
• Vladimir the Holy (Red Sun)

3. Prince Vladimir and the Baptism of Rus'.

Prince Vladimir reigned in 980 - 1015 . In the folk epic he is called Red Sun .

Under Prince Vladimir, Kyiv was re-fortified and built up with stone buildings. He cared about the Russian state and its people. South of Kyiv, the prince set up heroic outposts to protect Rus' from the raids of nomads. The people composed legends and epics about the heroes.

Prince Vladimir went down in history as baptist of Rus' . In Europe at that time, Christianity was widespread in most countries, and if Rus' became Christian, it would be much more convenient to come to an agreement with neighboring countries. Christianity came to Rus' from Byzantium.

Prince Vladimir and his squad were the first to be baptized. Then, by order of the prince, the statues of the former gods were destroyed. The statue of the main deity - Perun - was thrown into the Dnieper.

Then Prince Vladimir ordered all Kiev residents to come to the river. It was summer and he ordered everyone to go into the water. After which the priests performed the rite of Baptism. Year Baptism of Rus' - 988 .

The new faith did not immediately take root. The attachment to old customs was strong. And today you can still find echoes of Old Slavic beliefs.

The reign of Vladimir is a period of the rise of the Old Russian state: the formation of the feudal system, successful campaigns of conquest, the development of literacy and culture, land ownership and crafts. Christianity teaches you to think not only about your own good, but also about the good of your neighbor, and unites people. As a result, its ties with European countries strengthened, and the authority of Rus' grew. Prince Vladimir turned Rus' into a huge power.

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