When is a comma placed before a conjunction, and when is it not? Difficult cases of punctuation. Comma before the conjunction "HOW" Is there always a comma before how?

Dealing with commas before the conjunction “how”

Advice for those who want to learn to put commas only where necessary

NEED A COMMA 1. I worked like a galley slave.

This famous saying Vladimir Putin illustrates the rule very well: a comma is placed if the sentence contains a circumstance expressed by a comparative phrase that begins with a conjunction How.

Note: Do not forget that if the sentence continues, then after the comparative phrase you must also put a comma.

COMMA NEED NOT 1. They behave like owners here

This phrase can often be heard in relation to visitors. A comma is not needed here, because the phrase is part of the predicate: a sentence without such a phrase makes no sense. Similar example: “She behaves like a mistress.”

COMMA NEEDED 2. - Okay, let's say you don't remember how you got on the plane. But how did you get out of there, you were supposed to remember?!
- I m-should remember... but I don't r-remember...

This passage from "The Irony of Fate" illustrates another rule: a comma is necessary if a conjunction connects parts of a complex sentence.

COMMA NEED NOT 2. Everything will be like clockwork: first there will be singing every evening, then the pipes in the toilets will freeze, then the steam heating boiler will burst, and so on...

This quote from the movie "Heart of a Dog" illustrates the following rule: no comma is used if the turn is with How is part of a phraseological unit, that is, a stable expression.

Other examples: sitting on pins and needles, pouring like a bucket.

COMMA NEEDED 3. You're right, as always, old monkey. !

Mowgli's quote from The Jungle Book helps us remember that turnover As always separated by commas. The revolutions are also separated usually, To as an exception, as a consequence, as always, as now, as on purpose, as for example, as now.

COMMA NEED NOT 3.Lake like a mirror, snow like a blanket, hands like wings .

In these little sentences a comma is not placed, because the conjunction stands between the subject and the predicate, and it could be replaced by a dash: hands - wings.

COMMA NEEDED 4. As a doctor, I have a duty to warn you about the danger .

A comma is placed if the phrase has a connotation of causal meaning (I declare because I am a doctor).

Is it true, There are more complicated cases: for example, a famous quote from the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin”: “Lensky was accepted everywhere How groom". There can be two interpretations here: accepted by the groom and accepted because he was the groom.
Pushkin has no comma.

COMMA NEED NOT 4. We have everything wrong How in people.

This sacramental a phrase that each of us utters almost every day illustrates the following rule: a comma is not placed if the phrase is with a conjunction How preceded by a negative particle Not, as well as words completely, completely, almost, like, exactly, exactly, simply.

Remember Chekhov: “Your brooch looks like a bee.”

Knowledge of the rules of the Russian language is necessary even in our age of automatic text checking using programs. The point is that most comma rules should be applied depending on the context and intended meaning of the sentence. Figuratively speaking, only the author himself can decide where the comma should be in “execute cannot be pardoned.”

Comma before the conjunction “as” in fixed expressions

The simplest case for placing a comma are proverbs, sayings and other stable figures of speech: in them no one decides where to put or not to put a comma according to the meaning, because the tradition of correct spelling has been established for centuries. It is enough to list only a few of them; the rest can be easily found using search engines or a dictionary of phraseological units.

For example:

"Goal like a Falcon"

"Do it out of spite"

“He rolled like cheese in butter”

“Do as God tells you to do”

“It’s a shame”

"Hungry like a wolf"

"Angry as hell"

“White as snow” (about a person’s face)

“As it comes around, so it will respond”

It is easy to notice that a comma is generally not placed before “as” in set expressions. Next, we will consider more complex situations where the placement of a comma depends on the intended meaning.

A comma is placed before the conjunction “how”

1) Often the conjunction “how” is included in phrases whose function in a sentence is similar to introductory words. In this case they are used to indicate:

context of the statement (“as agreed”, “as usual”);
the author’s attitude towards information (“as it should be”, “as it should be”);
assessments of the probability of an event (“as a rule”, “as usual”);
logical conclusions (“as a consequence”, “as follows from this”).

We went to the cinema in the evening, as agreed.

Let's meet in the square as usual.

He was a responsible person and did everything as expected.

As a rule, you have to check the dictionary first.

2) In the case where a union is required in order to connect two separate parts complex sentence. It is worth recalling that all complex sentences can easily be broken into two parts by a period without significant loss of meaning - this is how you can check whether a comma is required.

He was infinitely pleased to see the sun rise over the sparkling mountains.

(Easy to break into two: “The sun rises over the sparkling mountains. He was infinitely pleased to see it”)

It pains me to remember how easily and quickly we stopped being friends.

(“We easily and quickly stopped being friends. It hurts me to remember.”)

3) There are combinations of conjunctions that are always separated by a comma, these are:

"how... so"
"like... so and"
"how"

“As we expected, it turned out to be so”

“What we all decided to do together yesterday is what we will do now.”

“It was difficult to understand how this mechanism works”

4) In the case of using a figure of speech with a comparative meaning in a sentence (exceptions are established constructions and sayings). These phrases can often be distinguished by their figurative, artistic coloring.

The snow sparkled under the sun like diamond dust.

Quick as lightning, he spurred his horse and galloped away.

There is no comma before the conjunction “how”

1) In comparative and figurative figures of speech, a comma is not needed if they can be replaced in a sentence with one word.

She walks like a duck.

(Replacement: "She walks like a duck")

The moon burned in the sky like a lantern.

(Replacement: “The moon was burning like a lantern in the sky”)

2) If the part of the sentence with “how” is replaced with the phrase “as ...”

He was invited to the wedding as best man.

("He was invited to the wedding as best man")

Tsvetaeva was known mainly as a poet.

(“Tsvetaeva was known mainly as a poetess”)

3) A comma is not needed in very short sentences, where the whole idea is expressed by comparison alone. They cannot be divided into two parts.

Winter was like a fairy tale.

The cloud is like cotton wool.

Sang like a nightingale.

4) The comma is not used in the following exceptions:

"not like"
"just like"
"exactly like"
"almost like"
"sort of"
"exactly like"
"exactly like"
"exactly how"

You treated me far from being a friend.

They were just like two peas in a pod.

The sea was as calm as at dawn.

You sound exactly like your mom.

The sun was almost as hot as in the desert or at the equator.

The dog in their house was exactly like ours.

We assembled the device exactly as described in the instructions.

5) A comma is always needed before the explanatory conjunction “since”. It is very simple to distinguish this situation in the text: wherever “since” can be replaced by the clerical abbreviation “since”, there must certainly be a comma. In these same cases, “since” is easily replaced by “because” or “due to the fact that.”

I was late for work because I got stuck in a huge traffic jam on the way.

(Replacement: “I was late for work because I got stuck in a huge traffic jam on the way”)

We need to quickly pack our things, since tomorrow we are moving out of the apartment.

(“We need to quickly pack our things because we are moving out of the apartment tomorrow”)

Comma before the conjunction “as”: a rule for comparative phrases

It is also worth mentioning separately about comparisons with the conjunction “as”, because in some cases a comma is needed before them, but in others it is not, perhaps this fact raises the most questions. Here is a short algorithm for quickly solving the problem.

1) First, it’s worth assessing the length of the sentence: if it consists only of comparison, then a comma is not needed. The main members of a sentence are never separated from each other by commas.

Every day is like a holiday.

Dear to us as a memory.

2) Next, you should think about whether the turnover is similar to stable expression. To correctly place punctuation marks in them, it is worth checking with a dictionary of phraseological units (or an online reference resource). Most often, a comma will not be needed.

At the crossroads the horse stopped dead in its tracks.

After a long walk through the forest, we were both hungry as wolves.

3) Then you should try to divide the sentence into two separate ones, putting a dot between the logical parts. If you can divide it, then this is a complex sentence with obligatory comma(with such a division, the poetic meaning of the comparison is lost, but the sentences are not meaningless in themselves).

Couples danced around the hall, like snowflakes swirling in the frosty air when the wind gusts.

(“Couples danced around the hall. Snowflakes swirl in the frosty air with a gust of wind”)

4) If the sentence does not fit any of the examples given, then it contains a comparative phrase. In this case, you need to focus on the meaning of the statement: when a comparison with “as” cannot be replaced with one word or the phrase “as”, a comma will be needed.

Comma before the conjunction “as”: examples with comparative phrases

The bride's dress was beautiful and white, like a light cloud.

(If you substitute “as”, it will be nonsense)

He walked through the streets like a king.

(“He walked through the streets like a king”)

The ship sank quickly, like a leaky trough.

(Not replaced by one word or phrase “as”)

Comma before the conjunction “as”: table

The summary table lists all the above cases in a concise form and is suitable for quick reference.

A comma is placed before the conjunction HOW in three cases:

1. If this conjunction is included in phrases that are close in their role in the sentence to the introductory words, for example: AS A RULE, AS AN EXCEPTION, AS A CONSEQUENCE, AS ALWAYS, AS NOW, AS ON PURPOSE, AS FOR EXAMPLE, AS NOW: In the morning, as if on purpose, it started to rain;

2. If this conjunction connects parts of a complex sentence, for example: We watched for a long time as the coals of the fire smoldered;

3. If the sentence contains a circumstance expressed by a comparative phrase that begins with the conjunction HOW, for example: Her voice rang like the smallest bell;

Please note: if the sentence continues after the phrase with the conjunction HOW, then you need to put another comma at the end of the clause. For example: Below, the water shone like a mirror; We watched for a long time as the coals of the fire smoldered, unable to tear ourselves away from this spectacle.

The phrases with the conjunction HOW are not isolated in five cases:

1. If the phrase with the conjunction HOW in a sentence acts as an adverbial circumstance of the course of action, for example: The path twisted like a snake. In such cases, the phrase with HOW can be replaced with an adverb (IN SNAKE) or a noun in the instrumental case (SNAKE). Unfortunately, the circumstances of the course of action cannot always be distinguished with complete confidence from the circumstances of comparison.

2. If the phrase with the conjunction HOW is part of a phraseological unit, for example: During lunch she sat as if on pins and needles;

3. If a phrase with the conjunction HOW is part of the predicate and a sentence without such a phrase does not have a complete meaning, for example: She behaves like a mistress;

4. If the conjunction HOW stands between the subject and the predicate (without this conjunction a dash would have to be placed there), for example: The lake is like a mirror;

5. If the comparative phrase is preceded by the negation NOT or the particle AT ALL, COMPLETELY, ALMOST, LIKE, EXACTLY, EXACTLY, SIMPLY, for example: They don't do everything like neighbors or Her hair is curly just like her mother's;

In addition, we must remember that the word AS can be part of the compound conjunction AS... SO AND... or SO AS, as well as phrases SINCE AS, SINCE THE TIME AS, AS LESS (MORE) POSSIBLE, etc. In this case, naturally, a comma is not placed before HOW, for example: All the windows, both in the manor's house and in the servants' rooms, are wide open.(Saltykov-Shchedrin). He didn’t take cutlets with him for breakfast and now he regretted it, since he was already hungry(According to Chekhov).

Exercise

I would have heard the door opening.

She was pale with some kind of Hindu pallor, the moles on her face became darker, the blackness of her hair and eyes seemed even blacker (Bunin).

And is this really how Paris lived now? (Bunin).

Well, I’ll help, father, just don’t blame me if it doesn’t turn out as planned.

I rarely visited “noble” houses, but in the theater I was like one of my own - and I ate a lot of pies from pastry shops (Turgenev).

When I went to bed, I, I don’t know why, turned around on one leg three times, put on lipstick, lay down and slept like a log all night (Turgenev).

It will sound and whine like a string, but don’t expect a song from it (Turgenev).

Everything about us is not like people! (Saltykov-Shchedrin).

Now, wrapped in a cap and a cloak, from under which a rifle protruded, he rode with one murid, trying to be noticed as little as possible, carefully peering with his quick black eyes into the faces of the inhabitants he came across along the road (Tolstoy).

Millions of people committed against each other such countless atrocities, deceptions, betrayals, thefts, forgeries and the issuance of false banknotes, robberies, arson and murders, which the chronicle of all the courts of the world will not collect for centuries and for which, during this period of time, people, those who committed them did not look at them as crimes (Tolstoy).

The guests arrived out of the blue.

A boy of about fifteen quickly came out of the door to meet him and stared in surprise at the newcomers with sparkling eyes as black as ripe currants (Tolstoy).

While Hadji Murad was entering, an elderly, thin, thin woman came out of the inner door, wearing a red beshmet on a yellow shirt and blue trousers, carrying pillows. (Tolstoy).

I did not accompany the captain as a servant. The clean spring air, compared to prison, also cheered her, but it was painful to step on the stones with feet unaccustomed to walking and shod in clumsy prison boots, and she looked at her feet and tried to step as lightly as possible (Tolstoy).

One of them, the most extravagant, was that I wanted to go to him, explain myself to him, confess everything to him, frankly tell him everything and assure him that I did not act like a stupid girl, but with good intentions (Dostoevsky).

So I studied and studied, but ask me how a person should live, I don’t even know (Tolstoy).

These experiments could have been carried out either a month earlier or a month later.

The streets between the houses were narrow, crooked and deep, like cracks in a rock (Andreev).

Amateurs use this fish as a natural clock in a room aquarium (According to V. Matizen).

In the west, the sky is greenish and transparent all night, and there, on the horizon_ as it is now_, something is smoldering and smoldering... (Bunin).

Rostov felt how, under the influence of the hot rays of love... that childish smile blossomed on his soul and face, which he had never smiled with since he left home (Tolstoy).

There were people in the carriage like sardines in a barrel.

It contains irony, not as a style feature or technique, but as part of the author’s general worldview (Lakshin).

When Stepan Trofimovich, already ten years later, conveyed this sad story to me in a whisper, having first locked the doors, he swore to me that he was so dumbfounded then on the spot that he did not hear or see how Varvara Petrovna disappeared (Dostoevsky).

But the eyes don’t seem to be stupid and shiny, like Maria Kresse’s (Bulgakov).

“If they knew that you wanted this, the holiday would be cancelled,” said the prince, out of habit, like a wound clock, saying things that he did not want to be believed (Tolstoy).

Armande was already beginning to despair when the local curé, François Loiseau, arrived from Auteuil and became friends with Moliere while he was living in Auteuil (Bulgakov).

But before they had time to rise, a bell rang impatiently behind the doors upstairs (Bulgakov).

“Torment,” he said, “them: now their prayer book is gone,” and he galloped past; and behind this stratopedarch are his warriors, and behind them, like a flock of skinny spring geese, are boring shadows, and everyone nods to the ruler sadly and pitifully, and everyone quietly moans through their crying: “Let him go! “He alone prays for us” (Leskov).

Seeing this, people stopped dead in their tracks. “We've eaten enough, my dears! We celebrated the winter, but by spring our stomachs were sagging!” - Porfiry Vladimirych is reasoning with himself, and he, as if on purpose, had just brought all the accounts of last year’s field farming into clarity (Saltykov-Shchedrin).

As if on purpose, he didn’t come today, and I still have a whole terrible night ahead of me! (Bunin).

Understand that this child whom you are now receiving in the Poklen house is none other than Mister de Molière! (Bulgakov).

The bazaar is like another city within the city (Bunin).

However, the consistent application of this method, which treats literature not as the fruit of organic creativity, but as a medium of cultural communication, eventually began to slow down the development of literary criticism (Epstein).

Next to him she felt like she was behind a stone wall. He had been silent until now, and no one paid any attention to him, but now everyone looked back at him, and, probably, everyone wondered how he could still remain unnoticed (Leskov).

Still young, handsome in appearance, with a fortune, gifted with many brilliant qualities, undoubted wit, taste, inexhaustible gaiety, he appeared not as a seeker of happiness and protection, but rather independently (Dostoevsky).

Half of them even died, but they were not amenable to education: they stood in the yard - everyone was amazed and even shied away from the walls, but everyone just looked at the sky like birds with their eyes squinting (Leskov).

He screams like an eagle: stop, I’ll shoot! (Bunin).

If you remember, not so long ago in one of the blog posts it was mentioned that a comma before “HOW” is only used in case of comparison.

“Politicians such as Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov...” - a comma is added because there is a noun "policy".

BUT: “...politicians such as Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov...” - a comma is NOT placed before “how”.

Let's try to expand the topic a little.

A comma is placed before the conjunction “how” in three cases:

1. If this the conjunction enters into phrases close to introductory words, For example:

AS A RULE, AS AN EXCEPTION, AS A CONSEQUENCE, AS ALWAYS, AS NOW, AS ON PURPOSE, AS FOR EXAMPLE, AS NOW

In the morning, as if on purpose, it started to rain;

2. If this a conjunction connects parts of a complex sentence, for example:

We watched for a long time as the coals of the fire smoldered;

3. If in a sentence there is a circumstance expressed by comparative expression, which begins with the conjunction “as”, for example:

Please note: if the sentence continues after the phrase with the conjunction “as”, then you need to put another comma at the end of the phrase.

Below, the water shone like a mirror;

We watched for a long time as the coals of the fire smoldered, unable to tear ourselves away from this spectacle.

Phrases with the conjunction “how” are not isolated in five cases:

1. If the phrase with the conjunction “how” in a sentence acts as a circumstance of the manner of action. In short, if the phrase with “how” describes how the action took place, For example:

The path twisted like a snake- we all see that it is the action that is being described? So, we don't put a comma.

In such cases, the phrase with “how” can be replaced by an adverb (“snake-like”) or a noun in the instrumental case (“snake”).

To reinforce this, I propose to come up with several such phrases and explain to yourself why they should contain a comma. If it doesn’t work out, please leave a comment.

Unfortunately, it is not always possible to distinguish the circumstances of the manner of action with complete confidence from the circumstances of comparison, but you can always explain the placement of a comma for those who doubt it, based on the context that you put in the sentence.

2. If a phrase with the conjunction “how” is part of a phraseological unit

Most of them are in the promised bonus.

3. If the phrase with the conjunction “how” is part of the predicate and a sentence without such a phrase does not have a complete meaning, for example:

She behaves like a mistress- please note that “she holds on” does not express the meaning of the sentence, but if “like a mistress”, then we immediately imagine the whispers of the envious mistress of the oligarch;

4. If the conjunction “how” is between the subject and the predicate(without this conjunction a dash would have to be placed there), for example:

Lake like a mirror;

5. If the comparative phrase is preceded by the negation “not” or particles

PERFECT

EXACTLY THE SAME

SIMPLY, for example:

They don't do everything like neighbors or Her hair curls exactly like her mother's;

In addition, we must remember that the word “how” can be part of the compound conjunction “as ... so and” or “since”, as well as phrases

SINCE

SINCE THE TIME

AS LESS (MORE) POSSIBLE, etc.

In this case, naturally, there is no comma before “how” either.

All the windows, both in the manor's house and in the common ones, are wide open.(Saltykov-Shchedrin)

He didn’t take cutlets with him for breakfast and now he regretted it, since he was already hungry(According to Chekhov).

So, the promised bonus.

Expressions with comparison (without commas):

Offtopic

poor as a church mouse

white as a harrier

white as a sheet

white as snow

fight like a fish on ice

pale as death

shines like a mirror

the disease vanished as if by hand

fear like fire

wanders around like a restless person

rushed like crazy

mumbles like a sexton

ran in like crazy

lucky, as a drowned man

spins like a squirrel in a wheel

visible as day

squeals like a pig

lies like a gray gelding

everything is going like clockwork

everything is as chosen

jumped up as if scalded

jumped up as if stung

stupid as a plug

looked like a wolf

goal like a falcon

hungry as wolf

as far as heaven from earth

shaking as if with a fever

trembled like an aspen leaf

he's like water off a duck's back

wait like manna from heaven

wait like a holiday

lead a cat and dog life

live like a bird of heaven

fell asleep like the dead

frozen like a statue

lost like a needle in a haystack

sounds like music

healthy as a bull

know like crazy

have at one's fingertips

fits like a cow's saddle

goes next to me like it's sewn on

like he sank into the water

roll around like cheese in butter

sways like a drunk

swayed (swayed) like jelly

handsome as god

red like a tomato

red as a lobster

strong (strong) like an oak

screams like a catechumen

light as a feather

flies like an arrow

bald as a knee

it's raining cats and dogs

waves his arms like a windmill

rushing around like crazy

wet as a mouse

gloomy as a cloud

dropping like flies

hope like a stone wall

people like sardines in a barrel

dress up like a doll

you can't see your ears

silent as the grave

dumb as a fish

rush (rush) like crazy

rushing around like a fool with a written bag

runs around like a chicken and an egg

needed like air

needed like last year's snow

needed like the fifth spoke in a chariot

Like a dog needs a fifth leg

peel off like sticky

one like a finger

remained broke like a lobster

stopped dead in his tracks

razor sharp

different as day from night

different as heaven from earth

bake like pancakes

turned white as a sheet

turned pale as death

repeated as if in delirium

you'll go like a darling

remember your name

remember like in a dream

get caught like chickens in cabbage soup

hit like a gun on the head

sprinkle like a cornucopia

similar as two peas in a pod

sank like a stone

appear as if by command of a pike

loyal like a dog

stuck like a bath leaf

fall through the ground

good (useful) like milk from a goat

disappeared as if into the water

just like a knife to the heart

burned like fire

works like an ox

understands oranges like a pig

disappeared like smoke

play it like clockwork

grow like mushrooms after the rain

grow by leaps and bounds

drop from the clouds

fresh like blood and milk

fresh as a cucumber

sat as if chained

sit on pins and needles

sit on coals

listened as if spellbound

looked enchanted

slept like a log

rush like hell

stands like a statue

slender as a Lebanese cedar

melts like a candle

hard as a rock

dark as night

accurate as a clock

skinny as a skeleton

cowardly as a hare

died like a hero

fell as if knocked down

stubborn as a sheep

stuck like a bull

mulish

tired as a dog

cunning like a fox

gushes like a bucket

walked around like a daze

walked like a birthday boy

walk on a thread

cold as ice

skinny as a sliver

black as coal

black as hell

feel at home

feel like you're behind a stone wall

feel like a fish in water

staggered like a drunk

It's like being executed

as clear as two and two is four

clear as day

So, let's summarize.

A comma is used if:

The Union opens a new proposal;

Union opens comparative turnover (circumstance)

The conjunction opens an application with a causal meaning (substituted with “since” or “since”)

The comma is not used if:

- “how” is in composite union(“while”, “since”)

The comparative phrase with “how” is a phraseological unit, a stable expression

The conjunction can be replaced by a phrase with “as” (“Petrov, as a professor in our department, reads everything term papers", compare, "Petrov, as a professor in our department, reads all coursework")

The conjunction attaches the nominal part of the predicate. That is, if your predicate essentially consists of two words, one of which is a verb, and the second is a noun or adjective.

It's not as scary as you thought. Look.

“Ira was a short, dark woman.” Ira was dark-skinned. We see that “was” and “dark woman” seem to be connected. And in the case of the sentence “Ira, as a short, dark-skinned woman, stood out sharply from the rest,” we do not highlight “how” with a comma. Again, you can substitute it - it’s a stretch, of course, but it’s also suitable - our favorite “as quality”. -> “Ira, as a short, dark-skinned woman, stood out sharply...”

I, of course, am not one of those who give homework, but in order to more clearly imagine each of the cases, I advise you to come up with two or three examples in accordance with each rule. Everything will settle down in your head much faster + when explaining why you put or don’t put a comma, you will use your own words, which are much closer than my attempts to express myself simply and clearly.) Forward!

The problem of literacy today worries many. There are fewer people who can write without errors than we would like. Punctuation causes particular difficulties for people, as it is very easy to make a mistake.

People often ask the question of when a comma is placed before “and”, since this rule can be difficult to understand. In practice, everything is a little simpler than it might seem at first glance. There are some basic rules for putting a comma before "and" and, of course, there are exceptions to them.

Rules for placing a comma before "and"

If "and" joins two simple clauses, a comma is usually necessary. You can check this rule very simply: if you can divide a sentence into two simple ones and neither of them loses its meaning, a comma is needed.

For example, the sentence: “It was sunny and there was a light breeze” can easily be divided into the sentences: “It was sunny” and “There was a light breeze.” Please note: the meaning of the sentences has not been lost.

However, if two simple sentences There is a general word, there is no need to put a comma. The verification of this rule is similar to the previous one: when a sentence is divided into parts, the meaning of at least one of them will be lost. For example, the sentence: “Yesterday it was sunny and there was a light breeze.” If we divide it into parts: “Yesterday it was sunny” and “There was a light breeze”, the meaning of the first sentence will be completely preserved. But at the same time, part of the meaning of the second sentence will be lost, since it is no longer clear when this happened. To ensure that the meaning is not lost, the sentences would need to be divided into “Yesterday it was sunny” and “Yesterday there was a light breeze.” In such examples, when parts of a complex sentence have a common word, a comma is not placed before “and”.

A comma is also needed in cases where the conjunction “and” is repeated several times in a sentence. Example: “It was sunny and there was a light breeze.”

Also, a comma is not placed before “and” in exclamatory, imperative and interrogative sentences. In our case, an example would be: “Was it really sunny and a light breeze blowing?”

A comma is not placed before “and” in sentences that contain an explanatory part of a complex sentence or a common introductory part for two sentences. For example: “Spring has come, so it was sunny and there was a light breeze.”

Another exception is nominative sentences, that is, those that express the existence of a certain phenomenon or object. For example: “Sunny and light breeze.”

Using these rules, you can easily figure out whether a comma is necessary in your sentence. It is important to understand and clearly identify for yourself the rules when a comma is placed before “and”, and based on this knowledge you will be able to identify other cases in which it is not necessary to put it.