Russian Ground Forces. Armed forces

The armed forces in any state are a key element in ensuring the country's defense capability. Their proper management depends on their proper organization. The structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ensures the rapid and correct performance of the functions assigned by law to the state military organization of the country.

Structure of the RF Armed Forces

Armed Forces – military organization Russian Federation, the main function of which is to repel military aggression in order to ensure territorial integrity, as well as perform tasks in accordance with Russia’s international obligations. The RF Armed Forces were created on May 7, 1992. The Supreme Commander-in-Chief is the President of the Russian Federation. In accordance with the Presidential Decree of 2008, the strength of the Russian Armed Forces is set at 2,019,629 people, of which 1.3 million are military personnel.

Organizationally, the Armed Forces consist of three services, three separate branches of the military, the Logistics Service, as well as the Quartering Service, which is not a branch of the Armed Forces. In addition, the structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was created on a territorial principle: the territory of the Russian Federation is divided into 4 military districts.

Territorial structure

Today in the Russian Federation there are four military districts, which are assumed by the territorial structure of the Armed Forces:

Western Military District. The command and headquarters are located in St. Petersburg.
Eastern Military District. The command and headquarters are located in Khabarovsk.
Central Military District. The command and headquarters are located in Yekaterinburg.
Southern Military District. The command and headquarters are located in Rostov-on-Don.

The structure of the armed forces of the Russian Federation in the diagram:

Types of aircraft

The main element of the Armed Forces are the types of armed forces. In the Russian military department, the law establishes the presence of three types of armed forces: the Air Force, the Ground Forces and the Navy.

Today, the Ground Forces are the largest branch of the Russian armed forces. Their main function is to conduct offensive actions, the purpose of which is to defeat the enemy, seize and retain his territory, individual areas and borders, repulse the invasion of the enemy’s country and his large landings, and deliver artillery and missile strikes to great depths. In turn, the Ground Forces are organizationally composed of military branches. These types of troops can perform tasks independently or jointly.

Motorized Rifle Troops (MSV)- the most numerous branch of troops in the Ground Forces. They are also the most numerous branch of the military. Today, the motorized rifle troops are armed with armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles, which should ensure the mobility of the infantry. MRFs are organizationally composed of motorized rifle subunits, units and formations.

Motorized rifle, tank, artillery and other units and units may be part of the MRF.

Tank troops (TV)- the main striking force, characterized by high mobility, maneuverability and resistance to weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear ones. The main tasks, based on the technical equipment of TV: achieving a breakthrough, developing operational success. Artillery, motorized rifle, missile, and tank units and subunits can operate as part of a TV.

Missile Forces and Artillery (RF&A): nuclear and fire destruction of the enemy is the main task. It is armed with rocket and cannon artillery. The MFA includes subunits, units and formations of howitzer, rocket, cannon, anti-tank artillery, as well as structural elements of support, command and control, mortars and artillery reconnaissance.

Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces (Air Defense Forces)- this branch of the military must ensure protection of the Ground Forces from air strikes, as well as countering enemy aerial reconnaissance. Towed, mobile, man-portable anti-aircraft gun systems and anti-aircraft missile systems are in service with the Air Defense Forces.

Also, the organizational structure of the Armed Forces presupposes the presence in the Armed Forces of special troops and services that perform highly specialized tasks in order to ensure daily and combat activities ground forces.

Signal Corps,
Electronic warfare troops,
Corps of Engineers,
Automobile troops,
Railway troops, etc.

are special troops.

Air Force

Air Force similarly, the Ground Forces consist of branches of aviation that ensure the implementation of the tasks assigned to the Air Force.

Long-Range Aviation designed to strike and defeat enemy military groups in the strategic and operational depths, their economically and strategically important areas, including with the help of nuclear weapons.

Frontline aviation operates at operational depth. It can perform tasks both independently and during joint operations on land and at sea.

Army aviation provides support to ground forces by destroying enemy armored and mobile targets. Also, Army Aviation forces provide mobility for the Ground Forces.

Military transport aviation carries out the transportation of cargo, troops and equipment, and is also involved in military air operations. In peacetime, the main function is to ensure the functioning of the Armed Forces, and in wartime, the mobility of the armed forces.

The structure of the armed forces of the Russian Federation assumes the presence of Air Force Special Aviation, Anti-aircraft missile forces And Radio technical troops, which significantly expand the range of tasks assigned to the Air Force.

Navy

Navy- the main force of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to protect the interests of Russia in the Exclusive Maritime (Economic) Zone, conduct search and rescue operations, as well as conduct combat operations at sea.

The Navy includes:

Submarine Forces,
Surface Forces,
Coastal troops,
Naval aviation,
parts and connections for special purposes.

The Navy is also organizationally divided into:

Baltic Fleet,
Black Sea Fleet,
Northern Fleet,
Pacific Fleet,
Caspian flotilla.

Independent branches of the military

Some tasks require special equipment and trained personnel. The structure of the Armed Forces presupposes the presence of independent branches of the armed forces:

Airborne troops;
Strategic Missile Forces;
Aerospace Defense Forces.

Aerospace Defense Forces

The youngest branch of the military. Although our power began space exploration back in the 1960s, it was only in the 21st century that the Aerospace Defense Forces were separated into a separate branch of the military from Rocket Forces strategic purpose.

The most important tasks are:

detection of a missile strike;
control of a constellation of spacecraft;
missile defense of the Russian capital.

Strategic Missile Forces

Today they are the main ground component of Russia's nuclear forces. The main function is considered to be deterrence of possible aggression. But if necessary, they can deliver a preemptive strike on important economic and military targets of the enemy, as well as the destruction of his military groups.

Airborne troops

They were created back in the 1930s. Today, they are entrusted with the function of conducting landing operations and conducting combat operations behind enemy lines.

20. Ground forces - the most numerous branch of the Armed Forces, are intended to repel attacks and defeat groupings of aggressor troops in various theaters of military operations and hold ground.

planned territories, regions, borders. They are armed different kinds military equipment, conventional and nuclear weapon and include motorized rifle, tank, airborne troops, missile troops and artillery, air defense troops, which are branches of the military, as well as special troops (formations and units - reconnaissance, engineering, chemical, communications, electronic warfare, technical support, topographic geodetic, hydrometeorological ) and rear.

21. Motorized rifle and tank troops, forming the basis of the Ground Forces, perform the following tasks: in defense - to hold occupied areas, lines and positions, repulse the attacks of the aggressor and defeat his advancing troops; in the offensive - to break through the enemy’s defenses, defeat groupings of his defending troops, capture important areas, lines and objects, pursue the retreating enemy, conduct oncoming battles and battles.

Motorized rifle troops, Possessing high combat independence and versatility, they are capable of performing the specified tasks in various terrain conditions and in any weather, in main or secondary directions, in the first or second echelon, as part of reserves, naval and airborne assault forces. The basis of motorized rifle troops are motorized rifle formations and units. In addition, they include machine gun and artillery formations and units.

Tank forces, constituting the main striking force of the Ground Forces and possessing great resistance to the damaging factors of nuclear weapons, they are used mainly in the main directions: in defense - mainly as part of the second echelons and reserves for delivering counterattacks (conducting counterattacks) and defeating an invading enemy, and when allocated to the first echelons - to enhance the stability and activity of defense; in the offensive, as a rule, as part of strike groups in the first and second echelons.

Motorized rifle and tank battalions are the main combined arms tactical units, and motorized rifle and tank companies are tactical units. They, interacting with each other, with units of artillery and other branches of the military and special forces, carry out the main task of directly destroying the enemy in close combat. A motorized rifle (tank) battalion usually consists of motorized rifle (tank) companies, communications units, support units and a battalion medical post. A motorized rifle battalion, in addition, may include a mortar (artillery) battery, anti-tank, grenade launcher, anti-aircraft, reconnaissance and other units. A motorized rifle (tank) company usually consists of motorized rifle (tank) platoons. A motorized rifle company may also have an anti-tank squad.

22. Airborne troops are the highly mobile branch of the Ground Forces and are intended to cover the enemy by air and carry out tasks in his rear, both defensively and offensively, acting as airborne assault forces.

23. Rocket troops and artillery Ground forces are the main means of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy.

The missile forces are intended to destroy nuclear and chemical attack weapons, ground elements of reconnaissance-strike complexes and other high-precision weapons systems, the main groupings of enemy troops, aviation at their bases, air defense assets and facilities, control posts, rear and other important enemy facilities on the entire depth of its operational formation, remote mining of the area, and in coastal areas, in addition, for the destruction of the bases of the enemy fleet forces, the destruction of its warships and vessels.

Artillery is intended to destroy nuclear and chemical attack weapons, precision weapon systems, artillery, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, anti-tank and other fire weapons, manpower, helicopters on sites, air defense systems, control posts, electronic equipment, destruction of enemy fortifications, remote mining of terrain, light

provision, setting up aerosol (smoke) screens and performing other tasks.

Artillery units carry out fire missions from closed firing positions or direct fire. Direct fire from individual guns, platoons and batteries is used to destroy enemy tanks and other armored vehicles, as well as anti-tank weapons.

Battalion artillery and artillery units assigned to a battalion (company) can independently use the following when engaging the enemy by fire: types of fire: fire on a separate target, concentrated fire, stationary and moving barrage fire, as well as being involved in the conduct of massive fire, sequential concentration of fire, barrage of fire and barrage fire as part of artillery groups or together with them.

Fire at an individual target (group or single) - fire from a battery, whether from a platoon of a gun (mortar, combat vehicle, anti-tank guided missile system), conducted independently from a closed firing position or direct fire.

Concentrated fire is fire conducted simultaneously by several batteries (divisions) at one target.

Fixed defensive fire - a continuous fire curtain created in front of the front ai: skinny (counterattack) protn" ":.ka

Mobile barrage fire is a continuous fire curtain created in the path of movement of tanks and other armored vehicles of the enemy and successively transferred to designated lines as the bulk of these vehicles leave the fire zone.

24. Air defense troops Ground forces are one of the main means of destroying enemy air. They are intended for radar reconnaissance of enemy air and alerting friendly troops about him, covering and protecting troop groups, command posts, airfields, rear and other facilities from enemy air strikes, combating enemy aircraft, cruise, operational-tactical and tactical ballistic missiles, airborne assault forces in flight and airborne elements of reconnaissance and strike complexes.

The anti-aircraft unit assigned to the battalion is intended to destroy enemy air at extremely low and low altitudes. Being in the combat, pre-combat or marching formation of a battalion, it fires at air targets on the move or from short stops, afloat, and in defense and when positioned on the spot, from prepared starting (firing) positions. In this case, the concentration and distribution of fire is used. Concentration of fire is carried out by several platoons, combat vehicles (installations) and anti-aircraft gunners

kami to destroy the most important group or single air targets. Fire distribution is carried out to simultaneously destroy several air targets. In this case, each anti-aircraft gunner, combat vehicle (installation) or platoon is assigned a separate target or group of targets.

25. Reconnaissance units and units are intended for obtaining information about the enemy and the terrain, as well as for performing special tasks.

Corps of Engineers are intended to solve the problems of engineering support for the combat of units and subunits of the Ground Forces, as well as to inflict losses on the enemy using engineering ammunition.

Chemical forces are intended to solve the problems of chemical support for the combat of units and subunits of the Ground Forces, as well as to inflict losses on the enemy using incendiary weapons.

Signal Corps are intended for the deployment and operation of communication systems and provision of command and control of troops in all types of their combat activities. They are also entrusted with the tasks of deploying and operating systems and automation equipment at control points and carrying out organizational and technical measures to ensure communication security.

Electronic warfare units and units intended to carry out tasks to disorganize command and control of troops

and enemy weapons through radio-electronic suppression of communications, radar, radio navigation, radio control and optical-electronic means. In addition, they are used for electronic reconnaissance of the enemy, countering his technical reconnaissance means and carrying out comprehensive technical control.

Formations, units and technical support units intended for the maintenance and storage of operational-tactical and tactical missiles, anti-aircraft missiles, warheads for them, delivery and issue of them to troops and preparation for combat use; providing troops with weapons, equipment, ammunition, measuring instruments and military-technical equipment, storing and maintaining them in readiness for combat use; technical reconnaissance, evacuation, repair of damaged (faulty) weapons and equipment and their timely return to service.

Topogeodetic parts and divisions are intended to perform tasks for geodetic support of units and subunits of the Ground Forces.

Hydrometeorological units and divisions intended for hydrometeorological support of combat operations.

Formations, units and units of the rear intended for logistical support of troops. In terms of the scale and nature of the tasks performed, they belong to the operational or military rear.

Military logistics includes units and units of material support with reserves of materiel, automobile, medical and other units and units of logistics that are part of formations, units and subunits of all branches of the military and special forces. According to affiliation, military rear services are divided into divisional, brigade, regimental, battalion and divisional rear services.

Support Division The battalion is intended for maintenance and ongoing repairs of weapons and equipment of units, maintenance and replenishment of missiles, ammunition, fuel and other materiel, transporting them to units and providing personnel with hot food.

Medical Center The battalion is intended to search for, remove (remove) the wounded from the battlefield, provide pre-medical (paramedic) care to the wounded and sick and prepare them for further evacuation.

Ground troops

Ground Forces (SV) - the most numerous and diverse branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces) in terms of weapons and methods of combat operations, designed to repel enemy aggression in continental theaters of military operations, protect the territorial integrity and national interests of the Russian Federation.

In terms of their combat capabilities, they are capable, in cooperation with other branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, to conduct an offensive in order to defeat the enemy group and seize its territory, deliver fire strikes to great depths, repel the invasion of the enemy, his large airborne assault forces, firmly hold occupied territories, areas and frontiers.

Emblem of the Ground Forces of the Russian Federation

HISTORICAL REFERENCE

The Ground Forces of the Russian Armed Forces trace their history back to the princely squads of Kievan Rus. In battles with the Khazars and Cumans, Tatar-Mongol, German, Swedish and many other conquerors, the chronicle of the state’s struggle for its independence was written with the blood of Russian warriors.

The brightest page military history is the defeat of the Livonian Order by the squads of Prince Alexander Nevsky on the ice of Lake Peipsi. This was a great victory for the Russian people and their soldiers who stood up to defend the independence of Rus'.

Russian troops under the command of the Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Donskoy showed examples of military art and military valor in the fight against the Tatar-Mongol conquerors. It reached its apogee in the last quarter of the 14th century. and ended on September 8, 1380 on the Kulikovo field with the complete defeat of the 150,000-strong horde of Mamai. The Russian regiments pursued the enemy, who was fleeing in panic, for 50 miles.

The struggle to overcome feudal fragmentation, the formation of a centralized state and the elimination of foreign oppression led to an increase in the size of the army, and the strengthening of the economic way of life created the conditions for the first military reforms in Rus', which were actively carried out by Tsar Ivan IV (the Terrible). As a result, improved artillery, mine-explosive weapons, and handguns appeared, as well as the system of recruitment and military service in the local army was streamlined, and centralized control of the army and its supply were organized. Along with this, a rifle army and a permanent guard service were created, and the artillery “detail” was allocated as an independent branch of the military. These measures to strengthen the army allowed Russian troops to successfully defend the interests of Rus' in the fight against numerous enemies.

Significant transformations in the Russian army were carried out by Peter I. He created a regular army with the same type of organization and weapons, a unified system of military training and education, and centralized military command. During the same period, the position of commander-in-chief was established, under which a field headquarters headed by a quartermaster general was created, military schools for officer training were opened, the service of officers was regulated, and military-judicial reforms were carried out.

Thanks to Peter's reforms, the Russian army won a brilliant victory over Sweden during the Northern War (1700-1721), in which Russia's main goal was the return of the original Russian lands captured by Sweden.

In the general battle between Russian and Swedish troops on June 27, 1709 near Poltava, the Russian army completely defeated the Swedish army, which was considered the best in Europe. Russian soldiers showed courage, perseverance, loyalty to duty, love for the Fatherland, and readiness to defend it from foreign invaders.

The further development of military art and the multiplication of Russia's victories is associated with the activities of the great Russian commander Generalissimo Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov.

In the wars against Turkey, A.V. Suvorov abandoned the old cumbersome and clumsy battle formations, boldly and decisively using new, more maneuverable and mobile ones. A striking example of the triumph of Russian weapons, an example of the defeat of the enemy “not by numbers, but by skill,” are the victories of Russian troops under the leadership of Suvorov at Rymnik (1789) and the storming of the Izmail fortress (1790).

Brilliant examples of the strategy of decisive action, shock tactics of columns and scattered formations were shown by the Russian army under the command of Suvorov in the Italian and Swiss campaigns (1799). These campaigns revealed many of the characteristic features of Suvorov’s leadership talent, the high moral and combat qualities of Russian soldiers - Suvorov’s miracle heroes.

IN historical development The Patriotic War of 1812 occupies a special place in the ground forces of the Russian Armed Forces. In battles against strong French army, which conquered all of Europe, Russian troops turned out to be more prepared for a long and intense struggle. The skill, stamina, courage, initiative and determination of the Russian troops were contrasted with the skill of an experienced enemy. At Borodino, the myth of the invincibility of the French was dispelled.

The Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), the 50th anniversary of the Victory in which our country celebrates this year, became an extremely difficult test for the Ground Forces. All the most important combat missions in the fight against the Nazi invaders - a cruel, experienced and powerful enemy - were solved primarily by the Ground Forces.

During the war, the Ground Forces received significant development. The increase in their fire and strike power, maneuverability and combat effectiveness was based on the introduction of new, more effective weapons systems and military equipment, the growth of combat experience of the troops, the acquisition of skill by command personnel and the improvement of control means and methods. All this led to the fact that during the war years the Ground Forces became first-class in their weapons, unsurpassed in morale and the most advanced in the art of conducting operations and combat.

The victories won at Moscow and Leningrad, Stalingrad and Kursk, in Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic states led to the final seizure of the strategic initiative and the liberation of Soviet territory from the invaders. As a result of further rapid offensive, the main groups were defeated fascist troops on the Vistula, Danube and Oder, which led to the victorious end of the war in Europe, and subsequently in the Far East.

In battles with the Nazi invaders and Japanese militarists, soldiers and officers of the Ground Forces showed themselves to be fearless and courageous warriors, showing examples of amazing tenacity, resourcefulness and courage.

Main tasks of the Ground Forces

In peacetime:

· maintaining combat potential, improving the combat and mobilization readiness of troops to repel aggression on a local scale;

· ensuring the readiness of troops to carry out mobilization and operational deployment measures to repel enemy aggression;

· preparation of command and control bodies and troops for the conduct of military operations in accordance with their purpose;

· creation of reserves of weapons, military equipment and materiel in volumes that ensure the solution of the tasks facing the Army, and their maintenance in readiness for combat use;

· participation in peacekeeping (restoration) operations conducted through the UN Security Council or in accordance with the international obligations of the Russian Federation;

· participation in eliminating the consequences of accidents, disasters and natural disasters;

· participation in the implementation of activities for the operational equipment of the country’s territory.

During the threatened period:

· increasing the strength and increasing the combat and mobilization readiness of troops;

· strengthening the forces and means of combat duty and reconnaissance of the actions of enemy troops;

· prompt deployment of troop groups in threatened areas, including coalition ones, in accordance with the CIS Collective Security Treaty;

· increasing the volume of military training conducted for citizens in the reserves;

· participation in certain territorial defense activities;

· preparing weapons and military equipment for combat use, building up the logistics base and the capabilities of repair bodies;

· cover state border RF;

· preparation of the first defensive operations.

In wartime:

· fulfillment of tasks according to the strategic deployment plan of the RF Armed Forces;

· localization (suppression) of possible military conflicts, repelling enemy aggression by combat-ready groups of troops in peacetime, and, if necessary, with the mobilization of formations and military units;

· conducting jointly with other branches and branches of the Russian Armed Forces (with the participation of the armed forces of the CIS member countries that have signed the Collective Security Treaty) defensive and counter-offensive operations to defeat the aggressor;

· participation in repelling an enemy aerospace attack, conducting airborne, amphibious and other joint operations of the armed forces;

· participation in the conduct of territorial defense (security and defense of important military, government facilities and communications facilities; combating sabotage, reconnaissance and terrorist forces and enemy landings; ensuring the establishment and maintenance of a martial law regime).

Structure:

The leadership of the Ground Forces is entrusted to Main Command of the Ground Forces.

The Main Command of the Ground Forces was first formed in March 1946. At the final stage of the Great Patriotic War the number of Ground Forces was 9 million 822 thousand people. After demobilization, by the end of 1948 - 2 million 444 thousand people. For the day-to-day management of such a complex and numerous structure, a separate governing body was required. Over the past half century, the control system of the Ground Forces has repeatedly undergone changes:

· the first time the Main Command of the Ground Forces was disbanded in March 1950, and five years later, in March 1955, it was formed again;

· it was disbanded for the second time in March 1964 and 2.5 years later, in November 1967, it was re-formed.

· for the third time, the Main Command of the Ground Forces, in November-December 1997, was transformed into the Main Directorate of the Ground Forces.

The Main Command of the Ground Forces is a control body that combines full responsibility for the state of the branch of the Armed Forces, its construction, development, training and use.

The Main Command of the Ground Forces is entrusted with the following tasks:

preparing troops for combat operations, based on the tasks determined by the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
improving the structure and composition, optimizing the number, incl. combat arms and special forces;
development of military theory and practice;
development and implementation of combat manuals, manuals, and methodological aids in troop training;
improving the operational and combat training of the Ground Forces together with other branches of the Russian Armed Forces.

The Ground Forces include:

Motorized rifle troops

Tank forces

Rocket Forces and Artillery

Air defense troops

Intelligence units and military units

Corps of Engineers

Radiation, chemical and biological defense troops

Signal Corps

The foreign policy of the Russian Federation is aimed at limiting and reducing nuclear and conventional weapons, creating a system of regional and global security, and limiting all types of military activities.

Russia supports the efforts of the international community to maintain peace, stability and end military conflicts in various regions: in the Middle East, the Persian Gulf region, Africa and the Balkan Peninsula, and neighboring countries.

In order to harmonize the efforts of the world community in matters of maintaining peace (implementation of paragraph 6 of the UN Charter “Observation Mission”), the Ground Forces are entrusted with the task of implementing peacekeeping functions. We provide assistance to other states in military development, organization of operation and maintenance of weapons and military equipment purchased from Russia, training of specialists in various fields in educational institutions Ground forces.

Many people ignorant of military affairs may wonder what kind of troops the Russian army has. The answer here is very simple - Russian units include elite troops, ground units, navy, and aviation. Each part performs its own function. For large units (navy, air force, ground forces), there are support departments such as air defense, artillery. Many parts are intertwined.

TO modern look shelves began to arrive after the collapse Russian Empire. The final division of troops, according to Wikipedia and others open sources, was established in the early 2000s, when the last reform of the Main Military Directorate took place.

General structure of the Russian Army

The strength of the RF Armed Forces as of 2017 is 798 thousand military personnel. Most of them are employed in the ground forces. The structure of the RF Armed Forces in 2017, despite the reduction in the number of employees, has not changed and remains the same since the reform was carried out in the 2000s. What troops are there in the Russian army:

ground troops;
military air fleet;
Navy.

Separately, it is necessary to consider elite units - the fourth point in the overall structure. This includes the space forces, whose members do not perform military functions, these are astronauts and employees who ensure the creation and dispatch of space rockets. Members of these units do not need to be armed, but they do receive military awards and badges.

The Russian military forces are commanded by the Main Directorate (GOU), which is subordinate to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. This body coordinates troop units in war and peacetime and determines their tasks.

The main tasks of the units according to the latest list of goals from the Ministry of Defense:

Ground units - providing anti-tank protection, foot offensive, border protection, reconnaissance operations, counter-terrorism, for example, in Syria.
Aviation – ensuring air security, hitting targets at long distances, transporting military units and military cargo.
Elite units - technical support armies, space exploration (for space forces), missile support.
Navy - protection of maritime borders, military maritime transport, transportation of military and important cargo, supply of weapons, resolution of military conflicts, naval security.

Ground and naval forces are also responsible for providing anti-terrorism protection. Naval personnel accompany ships in dangerous areas, while land personnel search and eliminate terrorist groups along with the police.

The composition of the Russian army changes every year. In 2016, there were about one million military personnel, and by 2017 the number of employees decreased by 100 thousand. It must be taken into account that some of them are conscripts undergoing military service.

The number of conscripts annually decreases by several tens of thousands of people, which can explain the reduction in the number of employees. They ensure an increase in the entire structure of troops in the Russian army according to the list above: conscripts replenish the composition of both land, sea and air forces, can be in artillery, infantry or motorized rifle units.

Each department is managed by its own command staff RF Armed Forces (officer). For the navy these are admirals, for ground units - generals. The entire volume of troops of the Russian army is subordinated first of all to the President of the Russian Federation, then to the Ministry of Defense.

Schemes of the military structure of Russia

You can represent the structure of the RF Armed Forces 2017 with a diagram to make it more visual and understandable.

The most extensive body of the army is the ground forces.

For an even more clear explanation of the structure of the aircraft, you can download a short video on this topic. All units are divided into lower units - battalions, companies, platoons, brigades.

Due to the large ramifications of the Russian military network, the country annually spends a large sum on providing troops. Data on military spending is presented in the presentation of the overall budget schedule for 2017 in the expenditure column. 1021 billion rubles are spent on military needs (defense). A portion of security funds is spent on supporting intelligence groups.

The military structure is the most specific among other bodies. The military even has one, which is separate from the Supreme Court of Russia.

Ground units

The structure of this division includes several auxiliary departments:

motorized rifle units;
artillery;
tank forces;
air defense installations.

The main tasks are performed by motorized rifle units. They are responsible for the tasks of a forced, quick attack, reconnaissance and destruction of enemy infantry. The main goal is to capture enemy territories. Tank troops are allocated to support motorized rifle units. They strengthen offensive positions and help protect captured territories.

Tank forces are mostly used for strategic purposes to abruptly break through blockades and echelons. They attack from the flanks or attack head-on. The main advantage of these units is high damage, an armored hull, and the ability to destroy not only enemy military personnel, but also equipment and important enemy defense systems. Disadvantage: lack of maneuverability.

Artillery installations are used to destroy enemy points from a long distance. Artillery is difficult to destroy, so a small amount of equipment and personnel is enough to ensure defense. The destruction of artillery points is complicated by the fact that they are installed in hidden high locations.

Air defenses are used to provide airspace protection while other units are attacking. They prevent mortar strikes from the air, the landing of nuclear missiles, and the release of precision projectiles. Air defenses are capable of shooting down not only bombers, but also enemy cargo or military passenger aircraft.

Navy

There are several divisions in the naval units. The first is the coastal troops, which guard the Russian-Japanese, Russian-Ukrainian and other maritime borders and defend Russian national interests in the maritime sphere. The composition of military personnel in this unit is significant and almost not inferior to the “dry” unit.

Another service option is . These soldiers provide security for ships and act as defenders in maritime conflicts. And finally, the sailors themselves who serve on warships.

People who want to serve in the navy are subject to high requirements - tall height, improved health characteristics, developed muscles. The candidate must show that he is mentally stable; It is best if he began preparing for service as a child. Such policies are associated with a greater risk of injury in navy, the presence of overloads. Due to the increased danger of service, the military of these units retire from 30 years of age.

The fleet is located at all maritime sites accessible to Russian employees - the Black Sea, the Baltic, Pacific Ocean. Some employees collaborate or come into contact with navigators from NATO countries.

Aviation and elite troops

Aviation can be long-range, front-line and army. Long range hits targets at a great distance. The front line provides an attack, dropping mines directly above the target. Army aviation provides cargo and military personnel. Air defense installations are always used together with aviation (when defending positions).

Individual elite units include space forces, special forces, and privileged structures. They perform the tasks of ensuring internal and external security, and the space forces are responsible for scientific activity and space exploration.

Military structure national army is dynamic and may soon undergo reforms again, this is due to modernization, new management requirements, and new opportunities in the technical field.

Ground forces are the largest and most diverse type of combat force, which was created to repel enemy attacks and to protect the national. It is considered the largest and largest among other troops. Probably everyone modern man thinks that in the current age of technology, infantry is not as important as before.

But, unfortunately, or fortunately, this is not at all the case. Since ancient times, it was believed that until a foreigner set foot on the expanses of the state, it would be free. This rule still exists today, which is why the ground forces remain the most popular types of armed forces. It is they who will have to fight back in the event of an attack.

The ground forces include: tank, motorized rifle, artillery, air defense. Formations and associations of such troops are the basis of military circles. The military circle is responsible for a certain territory, which is designated. The basis is the motorized rifle - the core of the combat formations. They are equipped with powerful weapons: mortars, artillery, anti-tank missiles, tanks, anti-aircraft and missile systems. The Ground Forces of the Russian Federation have passed the first stage of reform. An organizational and rational structure has been created, the numerical strength and combat strength have been brought back to normal. The Ground Forces are preparing for the second stage of reform: it will be aimed at improving the organizational structure, firepower capabilities, and the quality of operational training of troops and headquarters.

In 2005, the organizational structure was optimized. The ground forces have undergone the following changes: the training network, which is responsible for training junior specialists, has been reduced and improved. The number of staff members was reduced to the required minimum. The same number is planned to be implemented this year. The formation of two brigades has already begun, which should be deployed in the North Caucasus Military District. 12.8 billion were allocated for their formation. Intensive construction of training grounds and towns is underway, which are intended for training young fighters. Reforming all Russian ground forces is the main task.

It is no secret that all professionals until recently were conscripts who, after serving for six months, entered into an agreement with the Ministry of Defense. In this regard, nothing has changed, the soldiers will serve not 2 years, but 3, and then go home. Few people decide to run for a second term.

Initially created for adults and experienced people who want to continue military service. These are mainly men over 30 who have a family. This problem is not yet so acute; there is another one - a social one. Unfortunately, there are only a few such people in the troops. The problem is that the executive stage coincides with the preparatory stage. That is, only after recruiting citizens under a contract does the construction of housing for them begin. After the contract comes into force, they don't get everything the necessary conditions promised in the contract. All this is still being finalized. There is still something to strive for!