Patrol ship Admiral Grigorovich characteristics. All-round defense: what is the frigate “Admiral Grigorovich” capable of? Sizes and quantities

TASS-DOSSIER /Valery Korneev/. On June 7, 2016, at the Yantar Baltic Shipyard (Kaliningrad), the Project 11356 frigate Admiral Essen, named after the admiral of the navy, is expected to be transferred to the Russian Navy Russian Empire Nicholas von Essen (1860-1915).

Project history

Project 11356R/M ships (designation 11357 is also used) - a series of multi-purpose frigates (patrol ships) far sea zone .

Modification of the Talwar class frigates ("Talwar", projects 11356 and 11356A), which were built at Russian shipyards for the Indian Navy in 1999-2013. In turn, the “Indian” frigates were developed by the Northern Design Bureau (St. Petersburg) as an export version of the Project 1135 patrol ship “Burevestnik”.

In the mid-2000s. The Russian Navy was in dire need of updating its ship personnel. Average age surface ships was about 20 years old, the simultaneous presence in combat of different types of combat units of the same class caused big problems with supplies and repairs - for example, at that time the Russian Navy included eight patrol ships of seven different projects. The commissioning of frigates of new projects (22350 and 20380) was delayed due to difficulties with design and construction.

In this regard, it was decided to lay down a series of patrol ships based on Project 11356, the production of which, thanks to export contracts, had already been completed by Russian shipyards. A number of enterprises of the United Industrial Corporation (UPK) and the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) took part in the construction tender; the winner was the Yantar Baltic Shipyard (Kaliningrad), which is part of the USC.

In 2010 and 2011 The Ministry of Defense signed two contracts with the company for the construction of a total of 6 patrol ships. The cost of each contract was 40 billion rubles (about 13 billion rubles for one ship). It is assumed that all six frigates will be part of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.

Performance characteristics

The Project 11356R patrol ship is designed for the destruction of surface ships and ships, submarines and ground targets of the enemy, patrol service, patrol, and protection of sea communications.

the length of the frigate is 124.8 m, width - 15.2 m, draft - 4.2 m;
total displacement 4035 tons;
full speed - 30 knots;
cruising range - 4 thousand 850 nautical miles (at a speed of 14 knots);
navigation autonomy - up to 30 days;
crew - 180 people (including 18 officers).

The main power plant is a gas turbine (two afterburning and two main engines with a power of 22 thousand hp and 8 thousand 450 hp, respectively).

The engines for the first frigates were supplied by the Ukrainian enterprise "Zorya" - "Mashproekt" (Nikolaev). The second batch of three ships is planned to be equipped with Russian-made engines.

In 2015, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation designated NPO Saturn (Rybinsk) as the lead enterprise for the manufacture of main power plants for ships of this project. The start of deliveries of gas turbine engines to the Yantar Shipyard is tentatively scheduled for the end of 2017 - beginning of 2018.

Armament

8 vertical launchers of the Kalibr-NK missile system. These missiles can hit surface, coastal and underwater targets at a distance of up to 2 thousand km.
Anti-aircraft missile and artillery systems "Shtil-1", "Broadsword" and AK-630M.
Universal artillery mount A-190 (caliber 100 mm).
Torpedo tubes of 533 mm caliber.
RBU-6000 rocket launcher.
The "Requirement-M" combat information and control system was developed by NPO "Meridian" (St. Petersburg).
The frigate is equipped with a hangar and a landing pad for an anti-submarine helicopter (Ka-27 or Ka-31).

Project ships

Lead ship of the series "Admiral Grigorovich"(serial number 01357) was laid down at the Yantar plant on December 18, 2010, launched on March 14, 2014.
On November 7, 2014, the second frigate was launched - "Admiral Essen"(serial number 01358), which was laid down on July 8, 2011. In the spring of 2016, the ship completed state tests and is ready for transfer to the fleet.
Third frigate - "Admiral Makarov"(serial number 01359) - laid down on February 29, 2012, launched on September 2, 2015. Transfer to the fleet is planned in the first half of 2016.
Construction of two more frigates - "Admiral Butakov"(serial number 01360, laid down on July 12, 2013) and "Admiral Istomin"(serial number 01361, laid down on November 15, 2013) - was suspended in the spring of 2015 due to Ukraine’s non-supply of gas turbine power plants. "Admiral Butakov" was launched at the beginning of March 2016. The timing of the transfer of the second three frigates of Project 11356 to the fleet will depend on the pace of NPO Saturn's development of gas turbine engine production.
About the laying down of the sixth frigate of the series - "Admiral Kornilov"(serial number 01362) - not officially reported. However, according to an interview with the general director of the Yantar shipyard, Eduard Efimov, published by the Baltic Guardian newspaper on April 22, 2016, the ship’s hull is already more than half formed.

On July 5, 2015, the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Viktor Chirkov, told reporters at the International Naval Show in St. Petersburg that instead of these large ships, 18 small missile ships of the new Project 22800 would be built for the needs of the Black Sea Fleet. However, in August 2015, the press - the Yantar service announced the resumption of construction, and in October of the same year confirmed that it continued to fulfill the order of the Ministry of Defense.

On March 10, at the Yantar Baltic Shipyard, a ceremony was held to sign the acceptance certificate for the patrol ship (frigate) Admiral Grigorovich (hull number - 745) - the main project 11356R/M developed by the Northern Design Bureau. And the next day the St. Andrew's flag was raised on the ship. This event was attended by the Governor of the Kaliningrad Region Nikolai Tsukanov, the Commander of the Black Sea Fleet Admiral Alexander Vitko, the Vice President for Military Shipbuilding of the United Shipbuilding Corporation Igor Ponomarev, and other officials. Among the guests of honor are the descendants of Admiral Ivan Grigorovich, including his granddaughter Olga Petrova, the godmother of the ship. Honorary patronage of the new combat unit of the Russian Navy Omsk region took it.

Alexander FEDOROV

“This is the first ship of the second rank that has arrived to us recently,” Alexander Vitko said at the flag-raising ceremony. – He became part of the 30th division of the Black Sea Fleet. This is a modern ship that cannot even be compared with those that were built in Soviet times.”

Project 11356R/M patrol ships are designed to conduct combat operations against enemy submarines and surface ships, strike coastal targets, and repel air attacks, both independently and as part of formations. These frigates are the first surface ships in the long-distance sea and ocean zones in post-Soviet times. Their total displacement is 4035 tons, length – 124.8 m, width – 15.2 m. Twin-shaft gas turbine unit (according to the COGAG scheme) with a total power of 56,000 hp. allows you to develop a 30-knot full speed. Cruising range at 14 knots is 4850 miles. The crew consists of 180 people. The ships can additionally take on board up to 20 marines.

Project 11356R/M patrol ships are armed with 24 9M317M anti-aircraft missiles of the Shtil-1 air defense system in vertical launchers of the 3S90M cellular type, eight cruise missiles of the multi-purpose Kalibr-NK complex (instead of them, the 3S-14 launcher can accommodate supersonic anti-ship missiles " Onyx" or ballistic anti-submarine missiles 91R), a universal automatic artillery mount A-190, two six-barreled 30-mm AK-630M assault rifles, two two-tube anti-submarine 533-mm torpedo tubes DTA-53-956 and RBU-6000. Closer to the stern is a runway and hangar for the Ka-27PL anti-submarine helicopter. Various electronic equipment. There is a combat information and control system, radars for various purposes, sonar, and electronic warfare equipment. Architecturally, the frigates are made using low-visibility technologies.

A total of six TFRs of this type should be built for the needs of the Black Sea Fleet. The lead ship was laid down at the Yantar Baltic Shipyard on December 18, 2010, and its entry into service was expected in 2013. But these plans were disrupted. The ship was launched only on March 14, 2014. The reasons for the “lateness” are different - from untimely delivery of equipment, weapons and other components by counterparty enterprises to numerous changes in the management of the Kalingrad plant itself.

Particularly troublesome was the integration of domestic components to replace imported ones. The fact is that Project 11356R/M SFRs are a further development of Project 11356 frigates (Talwar type) built in two series at the Baltic Shipyard and at the same Yantar for the Indian Navy. A significant part of their electronic and other equipment consisted of instruments and units produced by Indian and other foreign companies. For a number of products there were no Russian analogues, or they required improvement. This is the first “step” that Admiral Grigorovich stumbled over.

There were others too. For example, during factory sea trials last summer, the frigate’s main engine coolers “flyed.” They had to be changed. This operation is troublesome and time-consuming. As a result, state tests of the Admiral Grigorovich once again shifted to the right and began only in October.

The ship was tested in full in the Baltic, and then in the Barents Sea, where it arrived on December 21 last year. The performance and seaworthiness were checked, all types of weapons on board were fired, including cruise missiles of the Kalibr-NK complex, at sea and coastal targets, as well as 9M317M missiles. The tests of the latter were especially important and responsible. “Admiral Grigorovich” is the first of the warships to receive these missiles, designed to be fired from below-deck launchers of the 100th type 3S90M. Project 956 destroyers and Talwar class frigates use inclined launch beam launchers with 9M38, 9M38M1E and 9M317ME missiles. The introduction of vertical launchers with the new missile provides many advantages. SAMs are in constant readiness for use. The rate of fire has increased six times compared to the old Shtil air defense system. Now all-round protection of the ship is provided (firing sector – 360°). The air defense system can simultaneously fire from two to twelve air targets and hit with high probability a wide class of them - from high-altitude high-speed missiles to anti-ship missiles at extremely low altitudes, as well as intercept highly maneuverable targets over a wide range of altitudes and ranges. SAMs can also be fired at surface targets with high efficiency.

State tests of the lead frigate were successfully completed in a “Christmas tree” manner on December 30 last year. But there was no time left for the transfer to the fleet. Therefore, we decided, without unnecessary haste, to carry out an inspection of the ship’s weapons, mechanisms and assemblies at the construction plant. “Admiral Grigorovich” arrived in Kaliningrad on January 11, and on March 3-4 made a control exit to the sea, and finally, on March 10, the acceptance certificate was signed.

We must assume that with the next two in the series of TFRs of this type, things will go better. In any case, the leaders of the USC and representatives of Yantar claim that the delivery of the Admiral Essen, which began state tests on February 1, to the fleet, will take place before the end of April of this year, and the Admiral Makarov - in August. God willing, but let's not forget that shipbuilders are always generous with advances.

But with the second three frigates of Project 11356R/M, problems persist. They are known and are associated with M7N1 gas turbine units produced by the Nikolaev enterprise Zorya-Mashproekt, which stopped supplies of the Yantar PSZ gas turbine unit after Kiev imposed an embargo on the export of military and dual-use products to Russia. The money for these power units was paid long ago, but it is unlikely that they will reach Kaliningrad in the foreseeable future.

The solution to the problem can be threefold. Or we need to wait until the production of ship gas turbine engines is established at NPO Salyut. This Rybinsk association promised to begin producing such gas turbine units in 2017. However, it will take another year, or even two or three, to finally debug the units and organize their mass production. Another option is to purchase gas turbine units in China, since for obvious reasons one cannot count on their purchase in the USA and Great Britain, and only in these countries, except Ukraine, gas turbine units are developed and assembled (we are not talking about licensed copies here, since they are Russian also not available). The third option is to equip the SKR project 11356R/M with diesel units of domestic or foreign production. Yes, you will have to seriously redesign the ships and lose 3-4 knots in their speed, but this is still a way out.

However, the USC leadership, apparently, is more inclined to a different option...

A few days before the flag was raised on the Admiral Grigorovich - on March 2 - at the Yantar Shipyard, without the usual ceremonial events in such cases, the frigate Admiral Butakov, the fourth TFR of the series, was launched. Such “modesty” is easily explained. For known reasons, the ship does not have a power plant. In order to free up the slipway, which was needed for other production needs, it was launched into the water and essentially put into storage. The same fate seems to await the Admiral Istomin, the fifth frigate of Project 11356R/M. The sixth TFR - "Admiral Kornilov" - will avoid this procedure, since it was not even officially laid down.

Back in the summer of last year, reports appeared that two frigates left without engines were going to be sold to India, to which Ukraine did not object to transferring the gas turbine unit. Delhi became interested in this proposal. Indian Ambassador to the Russian Federation Pundi Srinivasan Raghavan even visited Yantar to get an idea of the condition of the goods. “We are so open about all projects for the development of military-technical cooperation that if India has such an interest, then we will be happy to work with them,” said the head of USC Alexey Rakhmanov in September last year. In December, during the visit of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to Russia, a corresponding contract was expected to be signed. But it didn’t work out. Obviously, they didn't agree on the price. However, negotiations continue. This was announced by USC Vice President for Military Shipbuilding Igor Ponomarev after the flag-raising ceremony on the Admiral Grigorovich. “We are currently carrying out work on the state defense order (that is, on the second troika of SKR project 11356R/M - author’s note), building these ships, at the same time we are negotiating with the Indian side about the possibility of selling these ships to the Indian side.” Undoubtedly, the management of the United Shipbuilding Corporation wants to get rid of the unfinished ships that are “hanging” on the USC balance sheet - according to the “out of sight, out of mind” principle.

Delhi is not averse to purchasing these two ships, especially since the Talwar class frigates enjoy a good reputation in the Indian Navy. A couple more ships, especially those equipped with missiles in vertical launchers, clearly would not be superfluous. On the other hand, the project will require reworking to introduce Indian-made weapons systems. That is why the Indian side, understanding the difficult situation of USC, is bargaining and trying to purchase two buildings at a price slightly higher than the cost of scrap metal.

However, the Indian Navy does not have a particularly great need for these ships. In this country, in the image and likeness of Project 11356, with the assistance of the Northern Design Bureau, three Shivalik-class frigates (Project 17) were designed and built. They are very similar to the prototypes. At the same time, their total displacement increased to 6200 tons, and their length increased to 142.5 m. By increasing the dimensions, it was possible to strengthen the anti-aircraft weapons - in addition to the Shtil with a beam launcher, vertical launchers appeared for 32 Israeli short-range missiles Barak 1 The hangar accommodates two helicopters. And the power plant is not Zori-Mashproekt, but combined according to the GODOG scheme, consisting of two Pielstick 16 PA6 diesel engines and two General Electric LM2500 gas turbine units.

Last year, the Indian Ministry of Defense gave the go-ahead for the construction of seven frigates of Project 17A, the prototypes of which were ships of Projects 11356 and 17. Their assembly will be carried out at the Mazagon Dock and Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers shipyards with the participation of the Italian shipbuilding concern Fincantieri. The displacement of the ships has increased again - to 6670 tons. The architecture is very laconic, completely stealth. On the integrated mast there are phased arrays of a multifunctional radar. The main strike weapon is the Russian-Indian BRAHMOS supersonic cruise missile, and the anti-aircraft weapon is the Israeli-Indian long-range Barak 8 (LR-SAM) missile. That is, the Indian Navy does not have an urgent need for a pair of Russian frigates.

Not everyone in Russia shares the point of view of the USC leadership. “The second three frigates of Project 11356 should be completed and transferred to the Russian Black Sea Fleet, despite the delay associated with import substitution,” said Admiral Alexander Vitko, commander of the Black Sea Fleet. “We need them, of course.” The fact is that we need to renew the old fleet of ships. Some of them are 40-50 years old and their life cycle has ended.”

Yes, it’s somehow awkward. The Russian fleet today has three ocean zone patrol ships/frigates in service. All of them serve in the Black Sea Fleet, but they are just right to take a place at the pier of some naval museum. Two more Baltic TFRs are under repair due to breakdowns of gas turbine engines. And under these circumstances, instead of finding solutions to complete the construction of the ships desperately needed by the Navy, looking for ways to sell them abroad is completely unpatriotic. Especially in the year of the Duma elections and the upcoming presidential ones. They may not understand.

In addition, we must not forget that Russia’s Western and Ukrainian “partners” will not fail to use the fact of the sale of frigates to India as an example of the successful application of sanctions against our country. That’s why the nose bleeds, but we must not give them that chance.

Speaking at the Ministry of Defense at the single day of acceptance of military products on March 11, that is, at the same time when the St. Andrew’s flag was raised on the Admiral Grigorovich, President Vladimir Putin said: “For almost a year and a half, we have been implementing an import substitution program, the production of many components previously supplied from abroad. At the same time, problems still remain with a number of important units, parts and components. We need to quickly expand their production. As a last resort, look for alternative suppliers. But I am confident that our defense-industrial complex is able to cope and will certainly cope with the task assigned to it.” Therefore, USC needs to pay more attention to solving problems that have arisen, rather than searching for buyers abroad.

The development of the domestic fleet in the current conditions cannot be imagined without large ocean-going warships. The far sea zone has always been, is and will be a sphere of interests of the Russian Federation. The Navy is always in need of powerful and modern military vessels capable of not only displaying the St. Andrew's flag on the seas, but also being able to protect economic and political interests Russian State. The frigates of the “admiral series” of Project 11356 can and should become such ships.

Creation of new patrol boats: need or urgent need of the fleet

A paradoxical situation has developed in the Russian Navy since the beginning of the new millennium. Most of the warships in the fleet were still Soviet-built. For their time, these were powerful and reliable ships, but by the end of the 90s, most of this legacy was technically worn out and obsolete. The difficult economic situation in Russia after the collapse had a particularly negative impact on the state of the naval personnel of the Russian Navy. Soviet Union. Large warships, cruisers, large anti-submarine ships and destroyers rusted by the dozens against the quay wall. The fleet not only lost precious combat units. Russia was rapidly losing its position as a maritime power.

The sad situation of the fleet's combat readiness was somewhat smoothed over by the Project 1135M ships in the fleet at that time. "Burevestniki" - Soviet-built patrol ships were perhaps the most modern ships of the young Russian fleet. What saved the situation with the fleet was not only the satisfactory technical condition of ships of this type. The number of ships delivered to the fleet at one time allowed the naval command to close gaps and gaps in the defensive naval strategy.

Despite the fact that the strength reserve and technological resource of the ships of Project 1135M and 1135M1 were quite large, time was merciless. The proven "Burevestniks" were to be replaced by ships of a new generation, which were the patrol ships of Project 11356. The oldest fleets of the country, the Black Sea and Baltic, where they no longer remembered the new ships, were especially in dire need of such ships.

Patrol ships have always been and are one of the main classes of ships for the Russian fleet. In the West, domestic patrol ships are classified as frigates and corvettes. This is facilitated by the versatility and versatility of ships of this class. Modern corvettes and frigates are capable of performing a huge range of combat missions, especially in modern conditions, when it is technically possible to install almost any weapon on a ship.

Design of new generation patrol boats

The decision to design a new patrol ship for the Russian Navy was made in the mid-90s. It was advisable to use the wealth of practical experience gained during the construction and operation of Project 1135 ships and especially Project 1135.1. Technologically, the design of the Burevestnikov provided ample opportunities to build a new ship through deep modernization.

In addition to the technological and production documentation developed during the construction of the “petrels” and “frosts”, for the design of new ships they tried to use data from the export version of ships of this class. In the export version, the project received the index 11356. These frigates, in the amount of 6 units, were to be built for the needs of the Indian Navy in 1999-2013. The domestic project received the index 11356Р/М under the code “Burevestnik”. According to NATO classification, new Russian ships were assigned the code “Krivak V” even at the construction stage.

During the creation of the project, all the best from the ships of its predecessors was taken. If in terms of the main design of the ships they bore the imprint of previous projects, the range of weapons and electronic equipment changed radically. The ships were to become universal, and weapons were selected accordingly. The design of the ship, which in the technical specifications was called a rank II patrol ship, was undertaken by the Northern Design Bureau, located in St. Petersburg. It was not unusual for the specialists of this enterprise to build such ships, and besides, the program for building Talwar-class frigates for India was moving forward at a good pace.

The designers were given the task of creating a ship whose construction technology would be identical to that used when fulfilling a foreign order. The main condition of the project was the preservation of the production cycle of ship construction, technological and production capacities of the Kaliningrad shipbuilding plant "Yantar". The program for the construction of new patrol ships was aimed at equipping the Black Sea Fleet. Based on the results of the analysis and study of the finished project, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in 2010 signed a contract for the construction of the first three ships intended to equip the Black Sea Fleet.

In the same year, the keel of the lead vessel, the patrol ship Admiral Grigorovich, was laid down at the Yantar shipyard in Kaliningrad. Having assessed the scale and pace of construction of the lead ship, the Ministry of Defense in 2011 hastened to conclude another contract. The next three units were supposed to renew the ship composition of the Baltic Fleet. The total cost of the two contracts was 40 billion rubles. The new ships were supposed to enter service during 2014-17.

The second and third ships of Project 11356, the patrol ships Admiral Essen and Admiral Makarov, were laid down at the Kaliningrad shipyard in 2011 and 2012. The first two ships, the admiral, were launched at the end of 2014. Two years later, in March and June, both ships entered service, becoming full-fledged combat units of the Black Sea Fleet. The third ship of the first series, the frigate Admiral Makarov, is scheduled to be delivered at the end of 2017.

With the beginning of the Ukrainian-Russian military-diplomatic crisis, with the withdrawal of Crimea under the jurisdiction of Russian Federation It was decided to transfer all six ships built as part of defense orders to the Black Sea Fleet. Russia's participation in resolving the Syrian crisis has only strengthened this position. The new frigates should strengthen the naval group of the Russian Navy not only in the Black Sea, but also in the Eastern Mediterranean.

The three patrol ships remaining under existing contracts, Admiral Butakov, Admiral Istomin and Admiral Kornilov, were launched and are being completed afloat. The ships are scheduled to enter the fleet in 2020.

Recently, information leaked to the Russian media that the construction of ships of this project will continue. In the future, new frigates will be built for the Pacific Fleet. This order may include the capacity of the Amur Shipyard in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, which is currently implementing the project 22380 corvette construction program.

Main design features of Project 11356 frigates

Externally similar to their predecessors, the new domestic patrol ships are ships of a new generation. Upon a quick and superficial inspection of the ships, the unusual configuration of the superstructure immediately catches the eye. Unlike previous projects, Project 11356 ships partially implement Stealth technology. The ship's hull, its contours and the materials from which the ships' superstructure is made contribute to the ship's low radar signature. This concept is reflected in almost all ongoing projects today.

In accordance with the requirements laid down in the technical specifications, the Project 11356 ship has the following tactical and technical characteristics:

displacement is 3350 tons;
the maximum length of the ship is 124.8 m with a hull width of 15.2 m;
draft is 7.5 m;
the propulsion system is represented by a gas turbine unit with a total capacity of 46 thousand l/s;
maximum speed 32 knots;
maximum range at 14 knots is 4,850 miles.

Judging by the performance characteristics, the new Russian patrol ships - admirals are quite impressive warships. A crew of 220 people will manage such a farm. The technical conditions and design of the ship provide an autonomous voyage of 30 days. In addition to the sailors, a marine corps unit and an aviation aerobatic team will always be on board the ship.

In terms of project evaluation, it is worth paying attention to the propulsion system. The first two ships that managed to leave the Kaliningrad shipyard were equipped with Ukrainian-made gas turbine units. With the introduction of sanctions, the supply of Ukrainian engines under the project was suspended. The lack of similar domestic turbines led to the suspension of subsequent construction of other vessels laid down under the current contract. The task of developing and creating a similar propulsion system was assigned to NPO Saturn near Moscow, but at the moment work in this direction is moving slowly.

Due to this, the deadlines for the final commissioning of finished ships have been delayed. The remaining ships will be completed after the shipbuilders receive a new domestically produced gas turbine engine.

As for the range of weapons, Russian frigates are quite powerful in this regard. Both ships, Admiral Grigorovich and Admiral Essen, are equipped with strike weapons, which are represented by launchers of the Kalibr-NK universal missile system. Combat ships equipped with Kalibr cruise missiles can hit various targets on water and on land, at a distance of up to 1,500 km. The third ship of the Admiral Makarov series will also be equipped with the Kalibr-NK missile launcher.

Tactical weapons are represented by the 100-mm A-190 artillery mount, a traditional type of weapon for all domestic corvettes and frigates. The most advanced hydro- and radar equipment is responsible for the ship's anti-submarine and air defense. An electronic fire control system together with an electronic radar tracking station will ensure the detection and destruction of any underwater ship and air target.

To combat enemy submarines and ships, the ship has 522-mm torpedo tubes, two on each side. The RBU-6000 installation should strengthen fire support when fighting underwater targets. The stationary Shtil-1 air defense system, the Palma anti-aircraft artillery and missile system and the Igla portable air defense systems are used as an effective means of air defense for the ship.

All ships of the project have a Ka-27 search and rescue helicopter in their arsenal, for which a runway and a covered hangar are equipped on board the vessel.

Project 11356 today

The decision to begin construction of new domestic patrol boats can be considered timely. Project 11356 ships respond modern requirements conducting naval warfare, are equipped with the most advanced communications and radar equipment. The weapons complex allows ships to solve a wide variety of tactical tasks, including conducting strike and defensive operations. The operation of the first two ships of the project, “Admiral Grigorovich” and “Admiral Essen,” pointed to a number of existing shortcomings in the design of the ships. During subsequent revisions, the identified defects were eliminated and adjustments were made to the design of the ships under construction.

The combat patrols recently carried out in the Eastern Mediterranean by the Russian Navy frigates Admiral Grigorovich and Admiral Essen clearly demonstrated the high seaworthiness and tactical and technical characteristics of ships of this class.

The history of the creation of Project 11356 lies in the modernization of existing patrol ships. Research and development of projects for new improved patrol ships began in the middle of the last century. Soviet scientists worked on creating new universal ships that would solve many combat missions.

History of Project 11356 patrol frigates

At that time, there were two promising projects, 11356 and 22350. The command of the USSR Navy agreed on the creation of these two projects, which were of different types. But soon the decision to build SKR (Russian patrol ships) was made only of project 11356.

This decision was made due to economic, technical problems, and difficulties in servicing two different types of ships at the same time.

And only at the end of the last century, work on project 11356 resumed. Among the available patrol ships, built back in the early 60s, there was the Burevestnik patrol ship in two versions, 1135 and 1135M. These frigates were perfect as prototypes for subsequent modernization.

But with the further development of technology, the existing ships had to be improved by adding new components that could solve more problems. The work of the designers continued, which led to the appearance of a new, more advanced patrol ship.

"Burevestnik" became a prototype for subsequent modernization.

In July 2010 Construction of a new patrol ship of Project 11356 began at two factories, Yantar and Baltic Shipyard. The first 6 ships went to India under the existing contract, where they underwent many tests and are now serving.

But the first Project 11356 patrol ships were created for export. The frigates, which in the future will be part of the Russian Navy, were given the goal of installing new and improved equipment and weapons. What was subsequently accomplished.

The purpose of the construction of new Project 11356 patrol ships is to renew the Black Sea Fleet. The new universal ships fully cope with their assigned goals and combat missions in the Black Sea.

Project concept development

In the early 60s of the last century, the USSR Navy was armed with a large number of anti-submarine ships that coped well with their main functions. But the fleet experienced a shortage of patrol ships, which subsequently contributed to the development of the corresponding Project 11356 frigate.

2,000 tons

displacement of the frigate according to project 1135

In 1964 The design of a new patrol frigate with a displacement of more than 2 thousand tons began. The task was also set to equip this frigate with a new four-tube torpedo tube, anti-submarine missiles, precision artillery installations and an air defense system.

The new frigate was supposed to have a large range, modern multi-purpose weapons and equipment.

During testing, the project was revised several times. The displacement was increased from 2 thousand to 3.2 thousand tons, and equipment and weapons were also changed several times. After the changes made, the Project 11356 patrol boat passed all tests and received two modifications, 1135 and 1135M.

With the development of weapons, the ships had to be equipped with aircraft, which made it possible to solve a large number of additional combat missions. It was from this moment that work began on a new modernization of patrol ships.

The new frigates of Project 11351 received helipads and were redesigned, as it was necessary to find a place for a hangar. The new modification was significantly superior to previous projects. Which was an excellent incentive for further work on designing a more advanced and multifunctional frigate.

In the early 90s, a decline began in all industries, including military construction. The lifeline at that moment was a contract with India for the export of Russian patrol aircraft of Project 11351, which was later redesigned into Project 11356.

The design of Project 11356 was significantly different from its prototype 11351. All the frigate's weapons and defenses were replaced. It was further redesigned appearance, the body was strengthened and all equipment was replaced. The displacement was increased to 4 thousand tons, increased fuel reserves helped increase the cruising range to 4.5 thousand miles.

Thus, the patrol frigate 11356 was created, which is a multifunctional ship, with enhanced weapons, capable of solving any combat missions.

Frigates pr. 11356

Since 2010, according to the ship project 11356, work has begun on the construction of 6 frigates, 3 of which should go to the Black Sea Fleet. All components and equipment are produced in the Russian Federation.

List of frigates of project 11356:

Project 11356 patrol ship "Admiral Grigorovich". Construction work began in 2010; in 2016, the frigate was tested and entered service with the Navy.

Lead frigate "Admiral Grigorovich" of project 11356

Project 11356 frigate - Admiral Essen. Work on the construction of the lead ship began in 2011; in 2016, the patrol ship was tested and entered service with the Navy.

Admiral Makarov- construction work began in 2012, and in 2017 the frigate was tested and entered service with the Navy.

Admiral Istomin- construction began in 2013.
Admiral Kornilov- construction began in 2014.

Launched hulls of the suspended construction frigates "Admiral Istomin" (serial number 01361) and "Admiral Kornilov" (serial number 01362) of the modified project 11356 at PJSC "Baltic Shipyard "Yantar". Kaliningrad, 11/14/2017

Admiral Butakov- construction began in 2013, launched in 2016

Technical characteristics of frigates of project 11356 (TTX)

Main characteristics
Displacement	3.6 thousand kg.	3.6 thousand kg.	3.6 thousand kg.
Length	124 m.	124 m.	124 m.
Width	15 m.	15 m.	15 m.
Draft	4 m.	4 m.	4 m.
Engines			Diesel gas turbine power plant
Power		2 propellers × 30 450 l. pp., 8450 l. With. GTU, 22,000 l. s., 4 Diesel generators 800 kW each	2 propellers × 30 450 l. pp., 8450 l. With. GTU, 22,000 l. s., 4 Diesel generators 800 kW each
Speed	30 knots	30 knots	30 knots
Crew	180 people	180 people	180 people
Autonomy	720 hours	720 hours	720 hours
Cruising range	4.8 thousand nautical miles	4.8 thousand nautical miles	4.8 thousand nautical miles
Armament
Radar weapons		"Requirement-M" or "Sigma", "Fregat-M2M", "Positive-M1.2" "Vaigach-U"	"Requirement-M" or "Sigma", "Fregat-M2M", "Positive-M1.2" "Vaigach-U"
Electronic weapons		Complexes “Brave”, “Puma”, “Vympel”, “Purga-11356”	Complexes “Brave”, “Puma”, “Vympel”, “Purga-11356”
Tactical strike weapons		Rocket launcher "Caliber-NK"	Rocket launcher "Caliber-NK"
Artillery	100 mm A-190	100 mm A-190	100 mm A-190
Flak	2x6x30mm AK-630M	2x6x30mm AK-630M	2x6x30mm AK-630M
Missile weapons	8 Onyx or Caliber missiles "Calm-1" 8×1, "Igla-1"	8 Onyx or Caliber missiles "Calm-1" 8×1, "Igla-1"	8 Onyx or Caliber missiles "Calm-1" 8×1, "Igla-1"
Anti-submarine weapons	8 "Caliber-NK" 1×12 RBU-6000	8 "Caliber-NK" 1×12 RBU-6000	8 "Caliber-NK" 1×12 RBU-6000
Mine and torpedo weapons	533 mm torpedo launchers	533 mm torpedo launchers	533 mm torpedo launchers
Aviation group	Ka-27 or Ka-31 helicopter	Ka-27 or Ka-31 helicopter	Ka-27 or Ka-31 helicopter

Main characteristics	"Admiral Istomin"		"Admiral Kornilov"
Displacement	3.6 thousand kg.	3.6 thousand kg.	3.6 thousand kg.
Length	124 m.	124 m.	124 m.
Width	15 m	15 m	15 m
Draft	4 m	4 m	4 m
Engines	Diesel gas turbine power plant	Gas turbine power plant	Diesel gas turbine power plant
Power	2 propellers × 30 450 l. pp., 8450 l. With. GTU, 22,000 l. s., 4 Diesel generators 800 kW each	2 propellers × 30 450 l. pp., 8450 l. With. GTU, 22,000 l. s., 4 Diesel generators 800 kW each	2 propellers × 30 450 l. pp., 8450 l. With. GTU, 22,000 l. s., 4 Diesel generators 800 kW each
Speed	30 knots	30 knots	30 knots
Crew	180 people	180 people	180 people
Autonomy	720 hours	720 hours	720 hours
Cruising range	4.8 thousand nautical miles	4.8 thousand nautical miles	4.8 thousand nautical miles
Armament	"Admiral Istomin"		"Admiral Kornilov"
Radar weapons	"Requirement-M" or "Sigma", "Fregat-M2M", "Positive-M1.2" "Vaigach-U"	"Requirement-M" or "Sigma", "Fregat-M2M", "Positive-M1.2" "Vaigach-U"	"Requirement-M" or "Sigma", "Fregat-M2M", "Positive-M1.2" "Vaigach-U"
Electronic weapons	Complexes “Brave”, “Puma”, “Vympel”, “Purga-11356”	Complexes “Brave”, “Puma”, “Vympel”, “Purga-11356”	Complexes “Brave”, “Puma”, “Vympel”, “Purga-11356”
Tactical strike weapons	Rocket launcher "Caliber-NK"	Rocket launcher "Caliber-NK"	Rocket launcher "Caliber-NK"
Artillery	100 mm A-190	100 mm A-190	100 mm A-190
Flak	2x6x30mm AK-630M	2x6x30mm AK-630M	2x6x30mm AK-630M
Missile weapons	8 Onyx or Caliber missiles "Calm-1" 8×1 "Igla-1"	8 Onyx or Caliber missiles "Calm-1" 8×1 "Igla-1"	8 Onyx or Caliber missiles "Calm-1" 8×1 "Igla-1"
Anti-submarine weapons	8 "Caliber-NK" 1×12 RBU-6000	8 "Caliber-NK" 1×12 RBU-6000	8 "Caliber-NK" 1×12 RBU-6000
Mine and torpedo weapons	533 mm torpedo launchers	533 mm torpedo launchers	533 mm torpedo launchers
Aviation group	Ka-27 or Ka-31 helicopter	Ka-27 or Ka-31 helicopter	Ka-27 or Ka-31 helicopter

Design features and architecture

The hull of frigate 11356 is designed as a forecastle, with contours in the bow and tail surfaces. The vessel has a three-island superstructure. Overall, the hull has a steel composition, which increases the strength of the frigate.

During the design and construction of the ship, a new architectural "Stealth" protection was installed, which allows the ship to be invisible to other radar devices. Work was also carried out to reduce acoustic noise and provide maximum protection against various types of weapons.

The vessel is equipped with a gas turbine power plant with a capacity of 56 thousand horsepower, which transmits energy and drives two propellers. 4 generators with a power of 320 kW were also installed.

Armament

Patrol frigate 11356 is armed with:

8 cells of the missile and rifle complex;
mobile anti-aircraft missile system Shtil;
2x30 mm mobile six-barrel installations;
high-precision 533 mm torpedo tubes;

The frigate is equipped with vertical missile launchers, which are capable of using high-precision Caliber missiles with a range of 350 km. up to 2 thousand km. high accuracy and large affected area.

The newest 100 mm artillery mount A190 provides fire support against surface and air targets. The firing density is 80 rounds per minute, the maximum target engagement distance is 20 km. The Puma radar complex automatically acquires and tracks targets.

Responsible for controlling all types of weapons Information system"Requirement" control. This system is capable of independently controlling all types of weapons simultaneously, controlling fire and calculating torpedo launches. The system processes the received data and provides complete information about the condition of the frigate.

To protect the ship from air attacks, the Shtil anti-aircraft missile system is used, which is capable of hitting a target with three missiles simultaneously. Damage range up to 70 km, maximum altitude up to 35 km. The ship’s protection is also provided by two high-precision AK-630 anti-aircraft guns.

The functions of anti-submarine weapons are performed by two torpedo tubes, and the RBU-6000 complex is also installed, providing protection against submarines. Also, all Project 11356 frigates are equipped with aircraft hangars and take-off pads on which Ka-31 or Ka-27 helicopters are installed.

Creating unique warships capable of wiping small countries off the face of the earth is a whole science. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the design and construction of ships with similar capabilities came to a virtual standstill. Despite the colossal difficulties that the Russian shipbuilding industry experienced at the turn of the 90s, titan frigates are returning to service. One of these ships, the frigate Admiral Grigorovich, the shipbuilders are about to hand over to the military. Experienced sailors call the Admiral Grigorovich not just the newest ship, but also one of the symbols of the revival of domestic shipbuilding. Qualitatively new The need to radically update the domestic Navy is long overdue. During the time that the country was recovering from the total collapse of the armed forces, not to mention the production and modernization of existing ships in the fleet was not properly carried out. Almost no one thought about the construction of new ships in difficult times. In a sense, the Project 11356 frigates, conceived as a means for an instant rejuvenation procedure for the Black Sea Fleet, became a real find: a universal, well-armed and relatively small ship had to not only demonstrate the presence The Russian Navy in the region, but also, if necessary, go to other areas to carry out a combat mission. “Admiral Grigorovich” is an iconic ship. For a long time it was believed that individual ships could solve certain tasks, be it fighting enemy submarines or firing at surface targets that were assigned the “alien” type by the identification system. The trio of admirals - “Grigorovich”, “Essen” and “Makarov”, who will soon become part of the Black Sea Fleet - are real all-round masters in fighting the enemy. However, before talking about what exactly the new Russian patrol ships can fight with, we should remember one more, no less important detail. All Project 11356 ships were built not only with universal operation against several types of targets. The engineers also did a lot of work on the ships in terms of ergonomics, making the most convenient use of the vital space inside the ship. Qualitatively new level The execution of ships, according to experts, is achieved with special attention to detail: even the location of combat posts and rest areas for the crew is calculated several times. All-round defense The patrol ship "Admiral Grigorovich", like all ships of Project 11356, is one of the most protected. The missiles of the Shtil anti-aircraft missile system will be the first to fight in case of danger. The ship's crew is given only a few seconds to intercept training targets during state tests. Experts assess the mode of service throughout the state tests as combat - no, not even the most insignificant concession is given to either the ship or its crew. The high degree of automation of the newest patrol ship of the Black Sea Fleet is ensured by the combat information control system "Requirement-M": bearing, range, course and the speed of the target is only a small part of the data processed by the system based on high-performance computing systems. Experts explain that the BIUS, developed by NPO Meridian from St. Petersburg, is one of the most high-performance in the world. “If we consider the ship system from the point of view of modern, highly automated systems, then in terms of data processing and weapons control, this system is one of the best in the world,” explains programmer, candidate of mathematical sciences Sergei Gureev in an interview with Zvezda. The expert explained that the developers paid the closest attention to the rapid operation of the system and weapon control. It is also noted that the modern control system for weapons and electronic equipment ensures effective combat both alone and as part of a Navy operational unit. Experts also note that the latest BIUS, designed to automate the control of all processes for controlling the weapons of a patrol ship, is able to process and distribute in terms of importance, a huge number of processes - from collecting, processing and displaying information about the tactical situation to navigation and control of the entire range of ship weapons. Of all the guns The Admiral Grigorovich’s ability to respond to an attack from a potential enemy is not the only thing the newest patrol ship can boast of. "Caliber-NK" - the latest cruise missiles, successfully tested by the Caspian flotilla during massive missile strike according to the positions of ISIS militants, are also part of the armament of the Admiral Grigorovich and other ships of Project 11356. The distinctive feature of the Caliber was noticed by the world community relatively recently - after the latest cruise missiles were used to destroy infrastructure facilities of ISIS militants in Syria. The massive missile strike by the ships of the Caspian Flotilla clearly showed that the “Caliber” is deservedly considered the main missile armament of the ships: before hitting the marked targets in Syria, the missiles crossed the territory of several countries. The presence of eight VPU with Caliber missiles, according to experts, will allow the newest patrol ships of Project 11356 to carry out any assigned task. “By and large, both the Admiral Grigorovich and the other ships of the project will be subordinated to one single goal - the fastest possible advance to a given area and successful use of weapons,” retired 3rd-rank Navy captain Andrei Golovin explains in an interview with Zvezda. Experts note that the successful completion of assigned tasks by Project 11356 patrol boats is ensured not only by the most advanced missile weapons. For artillery fire, the A-190 shipborne gun mount, developed at the Nizhny Novgorod Central Research Institute "Burevestnik", can be used. This 100mm, 15-ton unit is capable of delivering 80 shocks per minute to any opponent. The responsibility for artillery countermeasures on ships of Project 11356 is the "Broadsword" air defense system of the Tula KBP - the only artillery complex in the world that combines powerful artillery weapons, effective multi-mode missile weapons and a built-in control system in a single turret installation. Experts note that one "Broadsword" combat module, placed on a ship with a small displacement is enough to effectively protect the ship from four enemy anti-ship missiles simultaneously approaching the ship. According to experts, Project 11356 long-sea zone patrol ships will significantly rejuvenate the Russian Black Sea Fleet and seriously increase its combat capabilities in in general. All that remains is to wait until all the ships planned for deployment on combat duty are in service. Photo: Dmitry Yurov/Vitaly Nevar TASS