SECTION 12 Punctuation marks in the non-union complex sentence In a unionless complex sentence the following punctuation marks are used: comma, semicolon, colon,

XXVII. Punctuation marks in a compound sentence § 104. Comma in a compound sentence 1. Commas separate parts of a compound sentence between which there are conjunctions: 1) connecting: and, yes (meaning “and”), neither... nor. For example: All faces frowned, and

§ 106. Dash in a compound sentence If the second part of a compound sentence contains an unexpected addition or sharp opposition in relation to the first part, then between them instead of a comma a dash is placed before the conjunction, for example: I’m hurrying there

XXVIII. Punctuation marks in a complex sentence § 107. Comma between the main and subordinate clauses The subordinate clause is separated from the main clause by a comma, or is separated by commas on both sides if it is inside the main clause, for example: How many

XXX. Punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence § 116. Comma and semicolon in a non-union complex sentence 1. A comma is placed between the parts of a non-union complex sentence if these parts are closely related in meaning, for example: Pale cheeks are sunken,

XXVII. PUNCTION MARKS IN A COMPOUND SENTENCE § 104. Comma in a complex sentence 1. Commas separate parts of a complex sentence between which there are conjunctions: 1) connecting: and, yes (meaning “and”), neither... nor. For example: All faces frowned, and

§ 104. Comma in a compound sentence 1. Commas separate parts of a compound sentence between which there are conjunctions: 1) connecting: and, yes (meaning “and”), neither... nor. For example: All faces frowned, and in the silence one could hear angry grunting and coughing

XXVIII. PUNCTION MARKS IN A COMPLEX SENTENCE § 107. Comma between the main and subordinate clauses The subordinate clause is separated from the main clause by a comma or separated by commas on both sides if it is inside the main clause, for example: When we

XXX. PUNCTION MARKS IN A UNION-LESS COMPLEX SENTENCE § 116. Comma and semi-colon in a union-free complex sentence 1. A comma is placed between the parts of a union-free complex sentence if these parts are closely related in meaning, for example: Pale cheeks are sunken,

PUNCTION MARKS IN A COMPLEX SENTENCE Punctuation marks in a complex sentence § 112. A comma is placed between the parts of a complex sentence. At the same time, connecting relations are established between them (conjunctions and, yes in the meaning of “and”, neither... nor), adversative

Punctuation marks in a complex sentence § 115. In the subordinate parts of a complex sentence, conjunctions and allied words are used as if, where, for nothing that, if (if... then), for, why, as if, as soon as, how, which, when, which, who, where, only, only,

Punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence § 127. When listing, a comma is placed between the parts of a non-union complex sentence: The ocean roared behind the wall like black mountains, the blizzard whistled strongly in the heavy gear, the whole ship trembled (Bun.); It was getting dark,

in a complex sentence, a comma is not placed between parts of a complex sentence (with connective, adversative, disjunctive, adjunct and explanatory conjunctions) § 112, the comma is not placed if there is a common minor member § 112, paragraph 1) when

1. Complex sentence, etc. A comma is placed between parts of a complex sentence connected by conjunctions:

*connective (and, yes in the meaning and, neither... nor); *adversative (a, but, yes in the meaning of, however, however, but, otherwise, not); *dividing (or, either, whether.

Lee then. . . then, not those. . . not that); *connective (yes, yes and, too, also); *explanatory (that is, namely).

If the parts of a complex sentence are significantly common or have commas inside them, then a semicolon is placed between them (before the conjunctions but and yes in the meaning of “and” only if they connect parts that would otherwise be separated by a period): Almost every evening later they went somewhere out of town to Oreanda or to a waterfall; and the walk was a success, the impressions were invariably beautiful and majestic every time.

If the second part of a complex sentence contains an unexpected addition or sharp contrast in relation to the first part, then a dash is placed between them instead of a comma: Deft and strong blows with sledgehammers on the barrels of machine guns, and the fascists can no longer shoot (V. Stavsky). The comma before the conjunctions a, yes (meaning “and”), or, or is not placed in a complex sentence:

If parts of a complex sentence have a common minor member (In such a storm, the wolf does not prowl and the bear does not crawl out of its den); -if parts of a complex sentence have a common subordinate clause (When a thunderstorm began, the game stopped and the children rushed to run home); -between two nominative sentences (Walk in the forest and boating); -between two interrogative sentences (What time is it now and how much time is left before the train leaves?).

A comma is not placed between two impersonal sentences that have synonymous words as part of the predicates (You need to rewrite the work and explain the mistakes made in it).

2. Complex sentence. Punctuation marks in a complex sentence:

The subordinate clause is separated from the main clause by a comma or separated by commas on both sides if it is inside the main clause. Sometimes, with intonation emphasis, explanatory subordinate clauses (as well as conditional clauses with the conjunction li) standing before the main sentence are separated from it not by a comma, but by a dash: He who is cheerful laughs (L. -K.); As the teacher said, I listened for a long time at the window (Plsch.);

In rare cases, a colon is placed before a subordinating conjunction: this occurs when the previous part of a complex sentence contains a special warning about subsequent clarification (at this point you can insert the words “namely”): Hadji Murat was sitting nearby in the room and, although he did not understand of what they were saying, he understood, however, what he needed to understand: that they were arguing about him and that his departure from Shamil was a matter of great importance for the Russians. . (L T.)

When the subordinate clause is connected to the main clause using a complex subordinating conjunction (because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, because, so that, instead of, in order to, in order to, after, while, since, etc.), then the comma is placed once: *before the conjunction, if the subordinate clause follows the main one: We sat on the corner of the bastion, so that we could see in both directions All; *after the entire subordinate clause, if it precedes the main clause. A subordinate clause consisting of only one relative word is not separated by a comma: He was offended, but did not say why.

3. A complex non-union sentence is a sentence in which the parts that form it (simple sentences) are interconnected in meaning, intonation, and the order of the parts. There are no conjunctions between the parts of such a sentence. Comma and semicolon in a non-union complex sentence:

A comma is placed between independent sentences combined into one complex non-union sentence if such sentences are closely related to each other in meaning: Deep darkness fell in the sky, day fell on a dark valley, dawn rose (P.).

If the parts of a non-union complex sentence are distant from each other in meaning or are significantly widespread and have commas inside them, then a semicolon is placed between them: At the gate I saw an old cast-iron cannon; the streets were cramped and crooked, the huts were low and mostly covered with thatch (P.); It was already evening; the sun disappeared behind a small aspen grove that lay half a mile from the garden; its shadow stretched endlessly across the motionless fields (T.).

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1. Complex sentence.

Complex is a sentence that has two or more independent grammatical stems connected by coordinating conjunctions.

Punctuation marks in a complex sentence.

1. A comma is placed between parts of a complex sentence connected by conjunctions:
   1. connecting ( and, yes in meaning and, neither... nor);
   2. adversative ( ah, but, yes in meaning but, however, on the other hand, otherwise, not);
   3. dividing ( or, either, whether... whether, then... that, not those... not that);
   4. connecting ( yes, yes and, too, also);
   5. explanatory ( that is, namely).
2. If parts of a complex sentence are significantly common or have commas inside them, then between them a semicolon is added(before unions But And Yes meaning "and" only when they connect parts that would otherwise be separated by a point): Almost every evening later they went somewhere out of town to Oreanda or to a waterfall; And the walk was a success, the impressions were invariably beautiful and majestic each time (H), I only had blue paint, But, despite this, I decided to draw a hunt (L. T), I thought he started crying, A I must tell you that Azamat was a stubborn boy, and nothing could make him cry, even when he was younger (L.)
3. If in second part compound sentence contains an unexpected addition or sharp contrast to the first part, then between them a dash is placed instead of a comma: Deft and strong blows with sledgehammers on the barrels of machine guns - and the Nazis can no longer shoot (V. Stavsky). I rush there - and the whole city is already there (P.)

1. Comma before unions oh yeah(meaning "and"), or, or in a compound sentence not placed:
   1. common minor member (In such a storm the wolf does not prowl and the bear does not crawl out of the den);
   2. if parts of a complex sentence have (When the thunderstorm started, the game stopped and the children rushed to run home);
   3. between two nominal proposals (Walk in the forest and boating);
   4. between two interrogative proposals (What time is it now and how much time is left before the train leaves?).
2. There is no comma between two impersonal sentences that have synonymous words as part of the predicates (You need to rewrite the work and explain the mistakes made in it).
3. A comma is placed between parts of a complex sentence that have common minor member or general subordinate clause, if these parts are connected repeating conjunction (Heavy trucks were moving along the streets, cars were rushing, and pedestrians were hurrying along).

   If the parts of the sentence are not connected by a repeating conjunction, but have a common member, then a comma between them not placed: The eyes sparkled on the pale face and the nose stretched out.

2. Complex sentence.

Difficult to subordinate a sentence is a complex sentence that contains main part And dependent(subordinate clause). The parts of such a sentence are interconnected subordinating conjunctions or allied words.

Punctuation marks in complex sentences.

1. Subordinate clause separated from the main one comma or separated by commas on both sides, if located inside the main.
2. Sometimes, with intonational emphasis, explanatory clauses (as well as conditional ones with the conjunction whether), standing before the main clause, are separated from it not by a comma, but dash: He who is cheerful laughs (L.-K.); As the teacher said, I listened for a long time at the window (Plsch.); Of course, it’s good that he’s getting married to her, but who knows how they’ll live (M. G.); Whether a plowman sings a song in the distance, the long song touches the heart; Will the forest begin - pine and aspen (N.)(in the last example in the second part there is an incomplete sentence).
3. In rare cases, a subordinating conjunction is preceded by colon: this occurs when in the previous part of a complex sentence contains a special warning about further clarification(you can insert the words here "namely"): Hadji Murat sat next to him in the room and, although he did not understand what they were saying, he understood, however, what he needed to understand: that they were arguing about him and that his departure from Shamil was a matter of great importance for the Russians.. (L T .)
4. When a subordinate clause is connected to the main clause using complex subordinating conjunction (because, in view of the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, because, so that, instead of, in order to, so that, after, while, since like, etc.), That the comma is placed once:
   1. before the union, if the subordinate clause follows the main clause: We sat on the corner of the bastion, so we could see everything in both directions (L.);
   2. after the entire subordinate clause, if it precedes the main thing: As I spoke, he came to his senses (M. G.)
   Note. Depending on the meaning, a complex conjunction can break up into two parts: the first part will be part of the main sentence as a relative word, and the second will serve as a conjunction; in such cases a comma is placed only before the second part of a complex conjunction: He lost weight overnight so that only skin and bones remained (L. T.); Grandfather ordered not to wake up Tanyusha until she wakes up (Ax.). Complex unions then, as if, even if, only when don't break.
5. If a subordinating conjunction or relative word is preceded by negation "Not" or repeating coordinating conjunction oh, or, or and so on., then the subordinate clause not separated from main comma: What matters is not what he said, but how he said it; It was noisy both when the children played in the yard and when they gathered in the dining room(a comma is placed between subordinate clauses in such cases).
6. They are not subordinate clauses and do not separate That's why comma irreducible expressions at any cost, as if nothing had happened, whatever it takes, whatever it takes and so on.
7. Subordinate clause, consisting of only one relative word, no comma separated: He was offended, but he said why.

3. Complex non-union sentence.

A non-union complex sentence is a sentence in which the parts that form it (simple sentences) are interconnected in meaning, intonation, and the order in which the parts are arranged. Between the parts of such a sentence no unions.

Punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence.

Comma and semicolon in a non-union complex sentence
1. Between independent sentences combined into one complex non-union sentence, a comma is added, if such proposals are closely related in meaning: The deep darkness in the sky was thinning, day fell on the dark valley, dawn rose (P.).
2. If parts of a non-union complex sentence distant from each other by meaning or are very common and have commas inside them, then between them a semicolon is added: At the gate I saw an old cast-iron cannon; the streets were cramped and crooked, the huts were low and mostly covered with thatch (P.); It was already evening; the sun disappeared behind a small aspen grove that lay half a mile from the garden; its shadow stretched endlessly across the motionless fields (T.).
3. If a non-union complex sentence falls apart(groups of sentences), meaningfully distant from each other, then between them a semicolon is added, and within these parts simple sentences are separated by a comma: The forest smell intensifies, there is a slight whiff of warm dampness; the wind that has taken off near you freezes (T.); The pale gray sky became lighter, colder, and bluer; the stars blinked with faint light and then disappeared; the ground became damp, the leaves began to sweat, in some places living sounds and voices began to be heard (T.).

A colon in a non-union complex sentence is placed:
1. If the second part (one or more sentences) explains, reveals the content of what is said in the first part (you can insert words between both parts "namely"): I was not mistaken: the old man did not refuse the offered glass. (P.) Here a rather interesting picture opened up: a wide hut, the roof of which rested on two sooty pillars, was full of people (L.);
2. If in the first sentence using verbs see, watch, hear, know, feel etc. a warning is given that what will follow is a statement of some fact or some description: I know: in your heart there is both pride and direct honor (P.); Pavel feels: someone’s fingers are touching his arm above the elbow (N.O.).
   Notes
   1. Sometimes these verbs are omitted: He thought, sniffed: it smells like honey (Ch.)(missing: and felt that).
   2. If the first sentence is pronounced without a hint of warning, then a comma is placed instead of a colon: I hear the earth tremble (N.).
3. If the second part indicates the basis, the reason for what is said in the first part (you can insert a conjunction between both parts because): They were silent the whole way to the farm: the bumpy ride made it difficult to talk (Ch.).

In these cases, most often the main part of the statement (corresponding to the main clause in complex sentences) is contained in the first part of the non-union complex sentence, and in the second part (corresponding to the subordinate clause in complex sentences) an explanation is provided, revealing the content of the first part.

A dash in a non-union complex sentence is placed:
1. If the second part contains an unexpected addition, an indication of a rapid change of events: Suddenly men with axes appeared - the forest rang, groaned, crackled (N.); Ignat pulled the trigger - the gun misfired (Ch.);
2. If the second part contains sharp contrast in relation to the first part: The oak is holding on - the reed has fallen to the ground (Kr.); They mowed a mile - they mowed a penny (M. G.);
3. If the second part contains consequence, conclusion from what is said in the first part: Praise is tempting - how can you not want it? (Kr.);
4. If in the first part the time of the action is indicated, which is discussed in the second part (you can add the union When): They plow the arable land - they don’t wave their hands (ate); The forest is being cut down - the chips are flying (ate);
5. If the first part means condition for performing an action, which is discussed in the second part (you can add the union If): If you like to ride, you also like to carry sleds(last); Lying on the stove - no workdays to be seen(last);
6. If one part contains comparison with what is said in another: Says a word - the nightingale sings (L.).

A dash is placed also in cases where The second part a non-conjunctive complex sentence is incomplete sentence: (I thought it was a wolf).

§ 30.1

Commas The predicative parts of a complex sentence (simple sentences) are separated, between which there are conjunctions:

1) connecting ( and, yes("And"), no no):The sand glistens in the sun with a warm, yellow sheen, and on its velvet the transparent buildings are like delicate embroideries made of white silk.(M.G.); Having received the news of Natasha’s illness, the Countess, still not entirely healthy and weak, came to Moscow with Petya and the whole house, and the entire Rostov family moved from Marya Dmitrievna to their home(L.T.); Look around and you will see so many new and interesting things - complex sentence (verb forms of different moods do not act as homogeneous members of a simple sentence); Natasha spoke in a whisper, and the grandfather and the forester also spoke in low voices(Paust.);

2) adversarial (ah, but, yes("But"), however, on the other hand, otherwise, not that, not that): The red color of the shirt beckoned and caressed him, and the chaise and the people sleeping under it aroused his curiosity.(Ch.); Ivan Ilyich’s whole body was buzzing with fatigue, but it was so pleasant to sit on the soft surface and sip from the mug.(A.T.); We should finally initiate divorce proceedings, but other matters are preventing us from taking them up(Fed.); Lomonosov also rode with the fishermen, however from him came a man all over Europe(Ch.); His comrades treated him with hostility, but the soldiers truly loved him.(Cupr.); Marriage is not in his principles, but the feeling of equality will be flattered in him(T.); You must talk to your father today, otherwise he will be worried about your departure.(Writing); Answer me instead of That I'll worry(P.);

3) dividing (or, either, whether...or, whether...li, then...that, or...or, not that...not that): Only sometimes, peering intently at her, he will tremble passionately, or she will glance at him in passing and smile(Gonch.); Calm down or it will be bad(P.); He must leave, or I'm dead!(T.); Fate whether brought us together again in the Caucasus, or she came here on purpose...(L.); That he was going to enter the Zoological Garden to study as a lion tamer, then he was drawn to firefighting(Kav.); Either the rustle of the ear, the flutter of the breeze, either a warm hand strokes your hair(Marmot.); ...Swimmed in the sliding glass swell not that duck, not that The rook could barely stay on his outstretched wings - he drank too much water(A.T.);

4) connecting (yes, yes and, and, moreover, too, also): Lisa’s decision lifted a stone from his heart, and the whole house immediately came to life(Fed.); The water was warm, but not spoiled, and there was a lot of it(Garsh.); I liked her more and more, and apparently she liked me too(Ch.); The strange old man spoke very drawlingly, the sound of his voice also amazed me(T.);

5) explanatory (namely, that is): Male room servants were reduced to a minimum, namely... no more than two footmen were supposed to be sufficient for the whole house(S.-Sch.); The time was most favorable, that is, it was dark, slightly frosty and completely quiet(Ax.).

§ 30.2

Comma before conjunctions and, yes("And"), or, or is not used if the parts of a complex sentence are united by some common element.

1) A secondary member of a sentence can be common: Shortly after sunrise, a cloud rolled in and a short rain began to fall.(P.); Ivan Ivanovich has large expressive tobacco-colored eyes and a mouth somewhat similar to the letter Izhitsa(G.); Everyone's eyes turned and their noses stretched towards the letter.(Gonch.); Some big fish fell off Yevseich and in addition the pike tore off his fishing rod(Ax.); Katya's lips did not smile and her dark eyes expressed bewilderment.(T.); The hallway smelled of fresh apples and hung wolf and fox skins(L.T.); Here, just like in the hall, the windows were wide open and there was a smell of poplar.(Ch.); In the village the fever persisted and there was muddy mud(Ch.); The goose's wings were spread out and its beak was open(Ch.); Gavrila’s cheeks puffed out funny, her lips protruded and her narrowed eyes blinked too often and funny.(M.G.); His face is drawn and his eyelids are heavy.(M.G.); In the harbor, the lights of the lanterns crowded into a multi-colored group and the trunks of the masts were visible(M.G.); His legs were numb and his back hurt from sitting for too long.(Cupr.); In the mornings, the kumys house attracted people with weak lungs and the spots of the sun... illuminated the pale long-sleeved hands lying motionless near the unfinished glasses.(Fed.); In the forest the snow still lies untouched and the trees stand in captivity.(Priv.); At this time, the hayloft door creaked loudly and Grandfather Shchukar’s head poked out.(Sh.).

The rule also applies in cases where a separate secondary member of the sentence, comparative phrase, etc. is common: According to generally accepted rules of international law, the high seas are free to all nations and all states are obliged to refrain from any act likely to prejudice its enjoyment by other states.(gas.); Subsequent meetings were as pleasant and conversations as useful as the first time.

2) The subordinate part of a complex sentence can be common: It was already quite dawn and people began to rise when I returned to my room.(L.T.); When Anya was escorted home, it was already dawn and the cooks were going to the market(Ch.); When he returned to the hall, his heart was beating and his hands were trembling so noticeably...(Ch.); But Lelya slept so calmly and such good dreams seemed to be swarming in her eyelashes that Natalya Petrovna did not dare to wake up her daughter(Paust.); For many centuries, dry winds dried this land and the sun scorched it until it became so strong...(Prim.); While I was washing my face, the stove was flooded and oil was boiling in the frying pan.

But: When Kashtanka woke up, it was already light, and there was a noise from the street that only happens during the day (Ch.) - the subordinate clause applies only to the first simple sentence, and its connection with the second is weaker, as indicated by different kind predicate verbs of these sentences (cf.: When Kashtanka woke up... there was noise coming from the street... - When Kashtanka woke up... there was noise coming from the street- in the second case, the subordinate clause should also be included in the second part of the complex sentence); As soon as the sappers dragged the car to the other side and parked it on the highway, Zubenko stepped on the gas and the truck calmly drove on.(Med.) - the last sentence indicates a general consequence.

3) The third sentence that precedes them and is connected to them by a non-conjunctive connection, explained by two parts of a complex sentence, can be common: The shores are not visible: they were hidden by the night and pushed somewhere by the wide waves of the flood(M.G.); He felt unwell: his body was weak and there was a dull pain in his eyes(Cupr.); One thing was clear: the quarrel was final and he would not return; This is similar to what we observe in the skin: with each of our movements, clothing erases dead cells from the surface layer and they are replaced by underlying cells.

But: An hour later the opportunity arose to go: the snowstorm subsided, the sky cleared, and we set off(P.) - the last part is not included in the explanation.

4) An introductory word, phrase or sentence can be common: According to the hunters, the animal hatched in these forests and the bird disappeared - the source of the message is the same for the entire utterance; As often happens, the bad is remembered and the good is forgotten; In short, the exams are over and the holidays have begun; Fortunately, the fire was noticed in time and the necessary means were available to extinguish it - the absence of a comma shows that the speaker’s attitude towards the statement, expressed through the introductory word, extends to both parts of it.

But: Indeed, in our area they know a lot about singing, and it’s not for nothing that the village of Sergievskoye... is famous throughout Russia for its especially pleasant and consonant melody(T.) - the introductory word is assigned only to the first sentence; ...Probably, tumbleweeds were flying near the blackest cloud, and how scared they must have been!(Ch.) - each part of a complex sentence has its own introductory word.

§ 30.3

A comma is not placed before connecting and disjunctive conjunctions in a complex sentence if it includes:

1) interrogative sentences: Who are they and what do they need?(P.) - combines interrogative intonation; Which one is us now and how much time is left before the train leaves?; When will the conference take place and what is the agenda?; Will you come to me or should I come to you?;

2) incentive offers: Let the enemy approach and fire on command!(Furm.) - unites incentive intonation; Let the cold end and the warmth come!- unites an incentive particle; May the name of the hero be holy and his memory preserved for centuries! - unites a motivating particle;

3) exclamatory sentences: How funny he is and how stupid his antics are! - unites exclamation intonation; How often we got together and what interesting conversations we had!; How much hidden meaning there is in these words and what response they evoke from listeners!;

4) indefinitely personal sentences (if the same producer of the action is thought of): They began to look for Circassians in all corners and, of course, found nothing(L.); The defendants were also taken out somewhere and were just brought back(L.T.); They returned home from church, ate pies and went back to bed until evening.(M.G.);

5) impersonal sentences with synonymous words: It is necessary to consider copyright applications and urgently draw conclusions on them.

But in the absence of synonymous words comma between two impersonal clauses before a conjunction And put: There are no miracles, and there is nothing to dream about them(M.); Meanwhile, it was completely dawn, and it was necessary to go out to sea again(Cat.);

6) nominative (nominal) sentences: Frost and sun...(P.); A hoarse groan and an angry rattle(P.); Stench and soot(N.); Laughter and noise(Room.); The ominous shine and variegation of wood...(Tyutch.); Night, forest and snow(Bl.).

But (when repeating the conjunction): Trees, and sun, and shadows, and dead, grave peace(N.); A chilly aspen forest, a narrow river, a blue forest, and yellow fields(Marmot.).

§ 31. Semicolon in a compound sentence

§ 31.1

If parts of a complex sentence are significantly common (often these are complex sentences of a mixed type - with composition, subordination and non-union connection) and have commas inside them, then between such parts is placed semicolon. Semicolons are often used before conjunctions. but, however, then, yes and, less often - before the union A. Before unions and, yes(“and”) semicolons are used only when they connect two sentences that would otherwise be separated by a period.

For example: For six years the commission tinkered around the building; But The climate, perhaps, interfered, or the material was already like that, but the government building just didn’t fit above the foundation(G.); It cannot be said that this tender disposition towards meanness was felt by the ladies; however in many living rooms they began to say that, of course, Chichikov was not the first handsome man, but he was what a man should be(G.); ...I know very well that all the affairs of the fortresses... are in one place, and therefore I ask you to show us the table; and if you don’t know what you’re doing, then we’ll ask others(G.); He studied well, although he was often lazy; he never cried; but at times a wild stubbornness came over him(T.); You said that you don’t keep your horses; however Well, if you get married, will you really force your spouse to drive a cab?(S.-Sch.); Drunkenness was not particularly developed between them; but the predominant features were: idleness, buffoonery and some kind of irresistible attraction to fulfilling all kinds of shameful “orders”(S.-Sch.); I made all this up because I absolutely did not remember what I dreamed that night; But when Karl Ivanovich, touched by my story, began to console and calm me down, it seemed to me that I had definitely seen this terrible dream, and the tears flowed for a different reason(L.T.); I felt somehow terribly sad at that moment; however something like laughter stirred in my soul(Adv.); He held her by the waist, spoke so affectionately, modestly, was so happy, walked around this apartment of his; and she saw in everything only vulgarity, stupid, naive, unbearable vulgarity(Ch.); Soon the whole garden, warmed by the sun, caressed, came to life, and drops of dew, like diamonds, sparkled on the leaves; and the old, long-neglected garden that morning seemed so young and elegant(Ch.); The next day, very tasty pies, crayfish and lamb cutlets were served for breakfast; and while they were eating, cook Nikanor came upstairs to ask what the guests wanted for dinner(Ch.).

§ 31.2

Setting a point with a semicolon in some cases optional. Wed: ... They said that he was descended from the same palace and was supposedly in the service somewhere before, but they didn’t know anything positive about it; and who could I find out from - not from himself(T.). - He already knew Klikusha, she was not brought from far away, from a village only ten miles from the monastery, and she had been taken to him before(Adv.) - in the second case, two indefinite personal sentences come together.

§ 32. Dash in a compound sentence

If the second part of a complex sentence contains an unexpected addition or sharp opposition, then between them a comma is placed before the conjunction instead of a comma dash: Heavy shackles will fall, prisons will collapse - and freedom will greet you joyfully at the entrance(P.); Then a light whistle was heard - and Dubrovsky fell silent(P.); I rush there - and the whole city is already there(P.); Everyone jumped up, grabbed their guns - and the fun began(L.); But then the playing rays poured out again - and the mighty luminary rose merrily and majestically(T.); Vavila threw something into the fire, stamped it - and immediately it became very dark(Ch.).

A dash is often placed if the first part of a compound sentence or both parts are nominative (nominal) sentences: Another pressure - and the enemy flees(P.); One more minute of explanation - and the long-standing enmity was ready to fade away(G.); Here's a scream - and everything around is quiet again(L.); A few more words, a few caresses from my mother - and a sound sleep took possession of me.(Ax.); One more moment - and I will fall at her feet(ACT.); Fifteen years of such work - and the machine of the human body is completely broken(G.-M.); A moment - and everything was drowning in darkness again(Cor.); ...Wrong movement of your hand and the machine crushes your bones(M.G.); The crack of a shirt being torn- and Gavrila was lying on the sand(M.G.); One jump - and the lion is already on the back of the buffalo(Cupr.); Another year, two - and old age...(Er.); One step, one cheerful step - and a free life opens up, transparent as air, infinity!(Fed.); The smile of a little daughter, sun glare on frosty windows, successfully toasted bread - and now she is already glowing, singing in her thin, trembling voice, mixing swill for the cows(Nick.); The dry crack of a rocket launcher - and two crumbly green lights flash in the sky(Prim.); Half an hour to rest - and back to work!; Another two or three days and everyone will go home.

Sometimes a sentence breaks up into two parts, between which is placed dash: In the mountains, if you push a stone from a height, it will tear off another, a third, in its flight, they will carry dozens with them, which will collapse hundreds - and then a whole avalanche of stones, blocks and clods of earth collapses into the abyss with increasing aspiration, and a roar rolls out across the mountains, and dust, like smoke, covers the slopes, and a menacing echo wanders through the gorges in riffles(Fed.); Then the glass will be cooled, polished, checked for color, ringing - and then you will scoop up spring water, and it will be as transparent as water(Pinch.).

Encounters production dash in short structures like: Take a photo and put it in the newspaper; One has only to extend one's hand - and it's in the bag; If you want fresh vegetables, please; If you want fruit, there will be no refusal here.