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“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” Mark Twain – artistic analysis. Mark Twain "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer": description, characters, analysis of the work A message on the topic of the adventures of Tom Sawyer

1) only six were supposed. 2) there were no legs, but instead there was a tail. 3) you can be patient!

4) he must not die! 5) so that he remains alive.

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

Mark Twain Samuel Langhorne Clemens. American writer and journalist Mark Twain was born in 1835, on the day when Halley's Comet flew near the Earth, and died in 1910, on the day of its next appearance near the Earth's orbit.

He became the most famous American of his time. Tourists came to America to see Niagara Falls and... Mark Twain.

Many real events from childhood also passed from childhood memories to the pages of Mark Twain’s works. In the preface to the book about Tom Sawyer, Mark Twain wrote: “Most of the adventures described in this book happened in reality: two or three happened to me, the rest - to my schoolmates.” "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer"

Under the name of Tom Sawyer, three inseparable friends are described, constant participants in games of pirates and “noble” robbers: the young mischief maker Samuel Clemens himself (it was he who gave the cat medicine, it was he who brought home snakes and bats); Sam's schoolmate Willie Bowen; big prankster Thomas Sawyer Spivey. "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer"

The character of Becky Thacher is based on Laura Hawkins, who lived next door to Sam. “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” “The House of Becky Thacher” Mark Twain spent his childhood in this house

Huck Finn is an accurate portrait of Tom Blenkenship. He lived in a dilapidated shack on the outskirts of the city, often went hungry, walked in rags and sometimes slept under open air. But he liked it: he despised “vile and stuffy houses.” "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" Path to Huckleberry Finn's house Huck Finn's parent's shack has not survived. It was demolished in the 40s of the XX century. However, in its place there is a memorial plaque.

A novel is a narrative work describing a large number of various stories and events. There are many characters in the novel.

Preview:

Goals.

  • Introduce children to the life and work of the writer Mark Twain, his novel “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”.
  • Learn to identify genre features of a parody novel.
  • Work on reading expressiveness.
  • Continue familiarization with literary terms.
  • Cultivate a love of books.

Lesson progress

I. Repetition of what has been covered

U. Let's check whether you carefully read Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale “The Little Mermaid”. Prepare sheets of paper for literary dictation.

The teacher calls five students to the board and gives them books with marked text. Next to each passage is serial number; words that need to be omitted when reading are placed in brackets.

Children read passages.

“The king of the sea was widowed a long time ago, and his old mother, an intelligent woman, was in charge of his household, but she was painfully proud of her birth: she carried as many as twelve oysters on her tail, while other nobles...”

“There were six of them, all very pretty, but the youngest was the cutest of all, with skin as clear and tender as a rose petal, with eyes as blue and deep as the sea. Only for her, as well as for the others...”

“And she put a wreath of white lilies on the Little Mermaid’s head, only each petal was half a pearl, and then she put eight oysters on her tail as a sign of her high rank.

Yes it hurts! - said the Little Mermaid.

To be beautiful..."

“For a minute it became dark, almost like an eye-opener, but then lightning flashed, and the Little Mermaid again saw people on the ship. Everyone saved themselves as best they could. She looked for the prince and saw him fall into the water as the ship fell apart. At first she was very happy - after all, he would now fall to her bottom, but he would only sail to her father’s palace dead. No no …"

“By morning the storm subsided. There wasn't even a sliver left of the ship. The sun sparkled over the water again and seemed to return color to the prince’s cheeks. But his eyes were still closed. The little mermaid brushed the hair off the prince’s forehead, kissed his high, beautiful forehead, and it seemed to her that he looked like the marble boy standing in her garden. She kissed him again and wished...”

U. Thanks for reading. Now let's check our dictations. Attention: the correct answers are on the board.

The teacher opens the board and the children check the correctness of their answers.

On the board.

Let's check ourselves:

  • ...only six were allowed.
  • ... there were no legs, but instead there was a tail.
  • ... you can be patient!
  • ...he shouldn't die!
  • ...to keep him alive.

We wrote a dictation at the very beginning of the fairy tale. To rate the readers, we will ask them questions about the content of the entire tale.

Possible questions and answers from children.

Question: How did the Little Mermaid change after meeting the prince?

Answer: She became even quieter, more thoughtful.

Question: How many years did mermaids live?

Answer: Mermaids lived for three hundred years.

Question: What did she want to exchange three hundred years of her life for?

Answer: For one human day.

Question: What conditions did the witch agree to for the Little Mermaid to become a girl?

It hurt her to walk when her tail split in two.

She left her home, father, and sisters forever.

The teacher announces marks to the children who read the text and answered the questions correctly.

II. Fizminutka

Quiet calm music sounds.

Let's show how the Little Mermaid reaches out to the ship with her white hands. The waves rock her from side to side. We are spinning with her in a whirlpool. And now we freeze, as the Little Mermaid froze on the stone. She still sits with her legs crossed on a huge stone bed and peers into the distance.

III. Acquaintance with the biography of the writer.

Today we continue our acquaintance with foreign literature.

Open the textbook on page……. And read the name and surname of the writer whose work we will talk about today. (Mark Twain. Samuel Langhorne Clemens.)

Why do you think there are two names written here? (He wrote under one name, and the other was his real name.)

What word is used to describe the fictitious name of the author? (Pseudonym)

Which writers and poets signed their works with a pseudonym? (Arkady Gaidar, Anna Akhmatova, Andrei Platonov, Kir Bulychev. Children have already read the works of these authors before).

The teacher invites students to the board and offers them a pre-printed text to read.

Listen and get ready to answer the questions you see on the board.

Questions on the board:

  1. Where did Mark Twain meet his heroes?
  2. Which character in the book does Mark Twain resemble?
  3. What books did Mark Twain write for children?

Children called to the board read texts.

“The writer Samuel Langhorne Clemens, who came to literature under the name Mark Twain, spent his childhood in the city of Hannibal. In those years, the city was just beginning to be populated. It was located on the banks of the Mississippi, a huge navigable river. Here, together with his peers, Samuel spent time in games and mischief, swam in the Mississippi, deceived Sunday school teachers, and wandered in caves. Located near the city. Here, in a crowd of barefoot boys flooding the streets of Hannibal, he first met the prototypes of his future heroes - Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, Joe Garner. Injun Joe was also in Hannibal, and one day he almost died of hunger after getting lost in one of the caves.” “In the book called Tom Sawyer,” writes Mark Twain, “I starved him to death, but only in the interests of art - in fact this did not happen.”(According to A.S. Romm)

“But Samuel Clemens' childhood ended very early. He was only 12 years old when his father died, and he and his brother had to take care of supporting the family. The future writer studied the profession of a typesetter, he was both a pilot and a gold miner, served as a soldier, and performed reading humorous stories. In his works he sought to reflect the truth of life, what he himself suffered and experienced. Mark Twain left remarkable works for his descendants. Such as “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”, “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”, “The Prince and the Pauper”, “The Mysterious Stranger” and others.” ( According to A.S. Romm)

Children answer questions asked before reading the passages.

IV. Reading a fragment of M. Twain’s novel “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.” and work on the text.

Read a fragment from the novel “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” and think about what you can call it? Why?

After independent reading children answer the question posed by the teacher.

(“First love.” “Confession.” “I love you.” “Tom and Becky.”

(No. This is not real love, which happens to adults. It’s kind of funny.

The Little Mermaid had true love. For Tom, love is like a game.)

The peculiarity of Mark Twain's novel is that all ordinary situations adult life the writer brings children into the world and does it cheerfully and with humor. Support this conclusion with words from the text.

(“The teacher, sitting at the pulpit in a large wicker chair, was dozing, lulled by the sleepy hum of the class. The appearance of Tom woke him up.”

“The teacher almost had a stroke, he looked at Tom in confusion. The buzzing in the classroom stopped. The students wondered if the desperate fellow had gone crazy.”

“When she carefully turned around again, a peach appeared in front of her. She pushed it away. Tom quietly pushed the peach back. She pushed him away again, but not so hostilely. Tom, without losing patience, put the peach in its old place. She didn't touch him. Tom scribbled on the slate: “Please take it, I have more.”

“The artist depicted a man in front of the house that looked like a crane. He could have stepped over the house, but the girl did not judge too harshly - she was very pleased with this monster and whispered:

How beautiful! Now draw me.

Tom drew an hourglass topped with a full moon. He attached arms and legs to them in the form of straws and armed his outstretched fingers with a huge fan. The girl said:

Oh, how good!)

Now find words in the text that tell us what the writer transferred to children's world adult relationships. Read them.

(“...but then he saw two long golden braids and a back, which he recognized instantly thanks tothe attractive power of love”.

- “... in fact it was not embarrassment, but respectfultimidity before the new deity.”

- “...at first the girl didn’t want to notice anything, thenfemale curiosity took over.")

The peculiarity of this work is that it is written in the form of a parody.

The teacher writes a “parody novel” on the board.

Parody consists of “mimicking”, reducing the serious to the funny.

Remember this word. Why is this work called a novel? Let's figure it out. Remember the movie: what is this book about?

(About Tom's friendship with Huckleberry. About Tom's love for Becky. About Sunday school. About the murder in the cemetery. About how the boys were looking for treasure.)

Which characters in this novel can you remember? (Tom had an aunt. Injun Joe. Judges. School teacher. Beka's parents.)

Let's read the conclusion.

Children read the text written on the board.

“A novel is a narrative work with a description of a large number of various stories and events. There are many characters in the novel.”

V. Work on the expressiveness of reading and characterization of heroes.

Let's try to read the conversation between Tom and Beca in their faces. Tell me: how should I read for Tom? (Fun. With cunning, because he was cunning all the time because he wanted Becky to pay attention to him. Confident. To be liked, you have to pretend that you know everything.)

And for Becky? (Quietly. Calmly. With dignity. She is an obedient girl. And with curiosity. She was interested in talking with Tom.)

Children read the passage with the words: “Oh, how good! It’s a pity that I can’t draw,” to the words “... then I’ll see for myself.”

Students are called to the board to read the passage by role.

Listen carefully and get ready to answer the question: what can be said about the speech of the characters? What is she like: serious, funny, adult, childish?

After reading, the questions are repeated in an abbreviated version. (Children’s speech: “Honest, honest,” “when they want to tear me out,” “that’s great!”)

The speech of heroes is also artistic medium. With its help, Mark Twain manages to make the reader laugh. Let's remember: where does the fragment of the novel begin? (Tom is late for school.)

Could he have escaped punishment? (Yes, if I lied about something.)

Why didn't he do this? (He wanted to sit with Becky, and he arranged everything so that no one would guess about it. He succeeded, because the teacher sat him next to Becky.)

How did Tom get Becky's attention? (First he gave her a peach, then he drew a funny picture, then he met Becky, and then he confessed his love to her.)

Read the end of the fragment.

The teacher calls one student to read aloud.

What can we say about Tom? What is he like? (Tom is funny. He knows how to be cunning. He can make you interested in yourself. Tom was very interested in everything. He was so carried away by Becky that he couldn’t think about anything else. Tom could see the funny, interesting in everything. Everything worked out for him somehow funny).

VI. Lesson summary.

Now we can summarize the lesson. A fragment from which parody novel did we read today? Who is its author?

VII. Homework.

Everyone will choose their homework to their liking. I offer several options:

  1. Read any fragment of the novel “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” and independently prepare it for retelling.

A task required for everyone. Choose as many adjectives as possible that define our hero. Tom (what?) is cheerful. Funny, what next?

“The writer Samuel Langhorne Clemens, who came to literature under the name Mark Twain, spent his childhood in the city of Hannibal. In those years, the city was just beginning to be populated. It was located on the banks of the Mississippi, a huge navigable river. Here, together with his peers, Samuel spent time in games and mischief, swam in the Mississippi, deceived Sunday school teachers, and wandered in caves. Located near the city. Here, in a crowd of barefoot boys flooding the streets of Hannibal, he first met the prototypes of his future heroes - Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, Joe Garner. Injun Joe was also in Hannibal, and one day he almost died of hunger after getting lost in one of the caves.” “In the book called Tom Sawyer,” writes Mark Twain, “I starved him to death, but only in the interests of art - in fact this did not happen.” (According to A.S. Romm)

“But Samuel Clemens' childhood ended very early. He was only 12 years old when his father died, and he and his brother had to take care of supporting the family. The future writer studied the profession of a typesetter, he was both a pilot and a gold miner, served as a soldier, and performed reading humorous stories. In his works he sought to reflect the truth of life, what he himself suffered and experienced. Mark Twain left remarkable works for his descendants. Such as “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”, “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”, “The Prince and the Pauper”, “The Mysterious Stranger” and others.” (According to A.S. Romm)

Under the name Tom Sawyer, three inseparable friends are described at once, constant participants in games of pirates and “noble” robbers:

the young mischief maker Samuel Clemens himself (it was he who gave the cat medicine, it was he who brought home the snakes and bats);

Sam's schoolmate Willie Bowen;

big prankster Thomas Sawyer Spivey.

The character of Becky Thacher is based on Laura Hawkins, who lived next door to Sam.

Huck Finn is an accurate portrait of Tom Blenkenship. He lived in a dilapidated shack on the outskirts of the city, often went hungry, walked in rags and sometimes slept in the open air. But he liked it: he despised “vile and stuffy houses.”

Huck Finn's parent's shack has not survived. It was demolished in the 40s of the 20th century. However, in its place there is a memorial plaque.

Tom's younger brother, the quiet and sneaky Sid, is Henry, the younger brother of Samuel Clemens. He never caused any trouble to adults, unlike the inexhaustible prankster Sam.

Strict Aunt Polly is based on Mark Twain's mother, Olivia Clemens.

The town of Hannibal hosts Tom Sawyer Days every year. There are Twain readings, a fair, amusing mud volleyball competitions, children's competitions for the fastest frog, sack races for girls...

But the highlight of the program, of course, is the fence painting competition. Participants must be at least eight and no more than thirteen years of age.

And, despite his sharp tongue, even his enemies respected Twain.

When the writer passed away, his close friend Wilbur Nesbitt said at the funeral: “The only grief that Mark Twain caused the world was that he died.”

Essay on the topic: Tom Sawyer. Work: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer


Tom Sawyer is an energetic, witty, enterprising boy of twelve years old, who is raised as an orphan by Aunt Polly. Aunt Polly is, in general, a kind, but at the same time strict and prim woman who believes that her Christian duty is to punish a child for his own good: “...For it is said in Scripture that whoever spares the rod spoils the child.” . In addition to Tom, Aunt Polly is raising Tom's half-brother Siddy, a good boy and a sneak, and Tom's cousin Mary, a kind and patient girl. Tom and Siddy experience mutual hostility due to differences in character and outlook on life and its rules, as a result of which Siddy likes to tell his aunt about Tom.

The novel describes the various adventures of Tom and his friends over several months. During these adventures, he manages to witness a murder and expose the killer, get engaged to a girl from his classmate, run away from home and live on a desert island, attend his own funeral, get lost in a cave and get out of it safely, and also find a precious treasure.

Tom personifies the carelessness and wonderful world of childhood in the mid-19th century. His best friends are Joe Harper and Huckleberry Finn. He was once in love with Emmy Lawrence, but later Rebecca Thatcher (Becky) took her place in Tom's heart.

Tom's character is revealed in the best possible way in the first chapter, in which Tom, as punishment for going swimming in the river the day before instead of going to school, is condemned by Aunt Polly to whitewash a long fence on Saturday - a day off on which the other boys have fun games planned. . Thinking longingly about how the other guys would mock him for having to work, Tom began to invent a plan for how to get rid of the responsibility, at least for a while. He calculated that for “treasures” from the depths of his pocket, like a dead rat on a string (so that it would be convenient to twist it) or a key that does not open anything, he could buy only a small fraction of freedom. Thinking sadly, Tom noticed Ben approaching, whose bullying Tom did not want to tolerate. The only way for Tom to preserve his honor was to pretend that he was working of his own free will. When Ben tried to tease Tom, he asked in great surprise what exactly Ben considered work and said that he had almost begged his aunt to entrust him with such a responsible task. The trick led to the fact that Ben, and after him the other boys, began to ask for the opportunity to whitewash, and Tom was surprised to derive a certain formula from the field of the human psyche: if a task, no matter how difficult, does not pay, then it is interesting because it - hobby. As soon as you offer payment for this task, it becomes work and loses its attractiveness.

It is easy to imagine the feeling of two boys who found themselves in a cemetery at night. They have always been attracted to everything secret, unknown, associated with danger. Tom and Huck loved to be discoverers of the mysterious. The night cemetery was precisely the place that fully satisfied their craving for adventure. What they witnessed was terrible. Sitting behind three large sedge trees near a fresh grave, Tom and Huck became unwitting witnesses to a quarrel between Injun Joe and Doctor Robinson. Muff Potter was also present during this quarrel. Joe, approaching the doctor, began to demand from him an additional salary for digging up the grave. The doctor replied that he had already paid enough, but the Indian insisted on additional compensation. The doctor's intransigence inflamed Joe, and he began to offend him. Word by word - and a brawl began. The doctor beat the villain with one blow. Potter, trying to stop the quarrel, decided to calm the doctor down. But he miscalculated his strength and ended up on the ground. When Potter came to understanding, the doctor was dead, and in his hand he saw his own knife.

Injun Joe committed the murder, but he transferred everything to Potter, who, of course, could not know how it really happened. The truth was known to Tom and Huck, who saw everything while sitting in the shelter. The guys were afraid of revenge from the Indian if he found out about the existence of witnesses to the bloody massacre. They swore not to tell anyone the truth about what they saw. A judicial investigation has begun. Injun Joe testified against the innocent Potter, who was believed to be the killer of Doctor Robinson. Rumors were spreading in the city that poor Potter was being executed - the gallows awaited him. The boys suffered more and more, feeling pangs of conscience. After all, they could have saved an innocent person who had never harmed anyone. “He has a kind soul,” said Huck Finn. “Once he gave me fish, although he himself didn’t have enough.” And he stood up for me more than once, helping me when it was difficult.” “And for me, Huck, he repaired kites and tied hooks to fishing rods,” added Tom. So, it turned out that on one side there was the boys' fear of the Indian and Joe, and on the other - the torment of conscience. Remorse still overcomes fear. Tom takes an oath of silence. At the trial, he tells everything that he saw in the cemetery. Now the formidable Indian Joe is afraid of punishment and flees from the courtroom.

I wondered: could Tom continue to remain silent? Finally this story fell into oblivion b. So what if Potter would have suffered? But you wouldn’t have to fear for your life and avoid meeting with Injun Joe. But then it wouldn't be Tom Sawyer. Since Tom Sawyer was a kind, sensitive boy, he could not put up with injustice. Tom's pure soul saved the life of Potter, who was unjustly accused. It should be noted the spirit of justice that cemented the friendship of Tom and Huck. They divided the treasure like brothers. Huck by that time was living with the widow Douglas. Huck healed like a person, everything was according to schedule, but he suffered from it as if from unbearable pain. He had already decided to nod his heels. But here Tom came to the rescue. He explained to a friend who time will pass and Huck will get used to it, and then they will gather a gang together, draw up an oath and become real robbers. And then they will start talking about them, and the Widow Douglas will even be proud of Huck.

When love for your neighbor overcomes your own fear. Essay on the story “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”

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The novel “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”: materials for analysis

Books about Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn, being the artistic pinnacles of Twain's work, certainly belong to the world classics. Almost every generation of children reads them, perceiving the characters in the novels as their spiritual companions. At the same time, this is not only “children’s” reading. When considering “Tom Sawyer,” it is useful to keep in mind one important circumstance for the writer: Twain was constantly in creative search, never repeated himself, and varied his style and themes. A book of documentary essays (and he constantly traveled and recorded his travel impressions) was usually followed by fiction. The writing of “Tom Sawyer” was preceded by the publication of a small essay book “Old Times on the Mississippi” (1875), where he recalled, not without nostalgic sadness, his profession as a pilot, his youth and the great river that he loved so much. It was a kind of prologue to Tom Sawyer. The novel, as it became obvious later, became the first part of an autobiographical trilogy, the writing of which lasted almost 10 years. It also included the essay and non-fiction book “Life on the Mississippi” and the novel “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.”

The trilogy is sometimes called the "epic of childhood". It was " general ledger"Twain, most organic to his artistic methodology and philosophy of life. Twain remained most original in the reproduction of emotional sensations, feelings, actions, impressions and living memory images, in free associations. This was better for him than a strict composition, a consistently drawn idea or a philosophical concept.

This feature should be kept in mind when characterizing the poetics of the novel.

The peculiarities of Twain's worldview were, in particular, that the writer constantly had a warm, nostalgic feeling, and over the years he increasingly turned to the early days of his life. Critical perception surrounding reality, observations of human egoism, greed, and admiration for the power of the dollar made especially attractive the bright pictures of childhood, perceived as a “natural state” with its naivety, purity and spontaneity. Twain managed to write about this in such a way that he was even called “the man of childhood.” The images, many episodes and paintings of his trilogy were fueled by vivid memories. In Twain's work, the autobiographical principle is generally expressed with great decisiveness. Of course, autobiography does not imply the reproduction of experiences or photographs of some real persons, but it does imply creative processing of the material. This position of a general methodological nature is applicable to Twain’s work.

Let us pay attention to the documentary basis of the novel. In the city of St. Petersburg, described in “Tom Sawyer,” one can discern the city of Hannibal in the 1840s, where the writer spent his childhood. Meticulous Twain scholars have identified “Twain places” captured in the text of the novel. For example, the house where Becky Thatcher lived has been preserved. Aunt Polly reveals traits of Twain's mother, dearly loved by the writer, some of whose features (luxurious hair, explosive temperament) he inherited. As for Tom himself, according to the novelist himself, he combined in him the features of three of his acquaintances during childhood. There is something of Twain himself in him.

1. What is the meaning of the title of the novel? Are the minor events in the lives of Tom Sawyer and his friends real adventures, or do children simply see them as such? Remember the textbook “beginning” of the novel. How does Twain immediately immerse the reader in the atmosphere of the novel, in the world of children's play?

Can we talk about the presence in the novel of a familiar composition with exposition, beginning and ending, as well as a persistently outlined plot? Or is this a freely constructed chain of scenes and episodes? Describe the three main plot points of the novel: the childish naive love of Tom and Becky; murder in a cemetery; search for treasure.

2. How does provincial America appear under Twain’s pen? Are there any features of idyllicity in her description and what is this connected with?

What is the world of adults like, seen through the eyes of children? Why does it seem to children boring, insipid, consisting of prohibitions, full of dull morality associated with Sunday school?

3. What was Twain’s innovation in portraying children, especially Tom Sawyer? Was it by chance that the writer gave him the “mass-type” name Tom? How insightful and reliable is Twain in depicting the psychology and worldview of a child? Give examples.

Can we say that Twain - children's writer, aimed “at children”, imitating their type of thinking? Or, like a great artist and psychologist, does he penetrate into the soul of a child, convey his perception of the world, and reproduce, as it were, a child’s point of view? Can we say that the picture of the world painted in the novel in its own way reflects the characteristics of the consciousness of a child who is not yet accustomed to logical thinking and has his own values? How accurate and truthful is Twain in depicting the games, fun, pranks, childhood superstitions and mythology that play such an important role in the lives of his heroes? Give examples. Show Twain's skill in reproducing lively children's dialogues, the language of children, which noticeably distinguished his works from those examples of literature in which children express themselves “like an adult,” unnaturally, in a linguistic manner unusual for them.

4. When characterizing Twain’s innovation, one must keep in mind that his novel appeared against the backdrop of countless books about children, sentimental, edifying, false, full of cliches and flat moralizing. Such examples of “children's fiction” featured stilted characters who illustrated theses about “good” and “bad” boys and girls. The latter, according to one critic, were as similar to real babies as gutted chickens in a store window are to yellow lumps running across a green lawn. Even earlier, Twain had poked fun at this literary tradition in “The Tale of a Bad Boy” (1865) and “The Tale of a Good Boy” (1875).

In his novel, Twain parodies such common “products” focused on the demands of “ Sunday schools" Try to detect elements of parody characteristic of Twain’s style in the text of the novel. In this regard, consider the image of Sid as an example of a “good boy”.

5. Illustrate Twain's art as a landscape painter. How do the world of children and the world of nature compare? How are they interconnected?

6. What are the features of the novel’s poetics? Why is Twain's methodology sometimes called "instinctive realism"? What is the reason for the overall light tone of the novel? What is its universal human pathos? Why is the book about Tom Sawyer one of the “eternal books”?

The theme of friendship and dreams in Mark Twain's story “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”
In the story "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" main character- boy Tom. He is very restless and constantly gets into some kind of story. Tom has a half-brother, Sid. But Sid is not like Tom. Sid was considered a good boy, and Tom was considered a bad boy. But Tom still loved his brother, although Sid talked about Tom’s tricks to Aunt Polly, with whom the boys lived. Tom is a good friend. He is friends with Huck, although Aunt Polly does not like this friendship. Tom was a wealthy boy from a good family. And Huck's father was a drunkard.

Tom went to school, but Huck did not. Tom and Huck met each other secretly. Tom and Huck's friendship has been tested. When Tom decided that he was not loved, the boys ran away from home. They traveled a lot. But soon Tom wanted to return home, but Huck didn’t want to. He only had his father at home, whom Huck didn’t really like. The boys experienced a lot on this journey, but then returned home. Tom and Huck had a dream. They wanted to find a treasure. The boys came up with a game for themselves. They were looking for treasures hidden in the cave. When they found them, Huck received a lot of money and became equal to Tom. But then Huck stopped liking being rich.

A widow took him in and forced him to go to school. The kind woman washed and brushed Huck and gave him clean clothes. Tom understood Huck, but he didn’t want to change anything, everything suited him. The boys valued their friendship, although they could quarrel. This happened when Tom fell in love with a girl. Her name was Betty. Huck didn't like Betty because she was well-mannered and always wore clean clothes. But I think Huck just didn't want to lose a friend like Tom. Tom and Huck were real friends. They were able to fulfill their dream. They found the treasure and helped catch the criminals.

I think that the boys' friendship will not disappear when they become adults. I would also like to have a friend like Huck or Tom. Such friends will always tell you the truth and be able to support you in difficult times.