Education in Britain English with translation. Education in Great Britain - Education in Great Britain

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Twelve million children attend about 40,000 schools in Britain. Education in Great Britain is compulsory and free for all children between the ages of 5 and 16. There are many children who attend a nursery school from the age of 3, but it is not compulsory. In nursery schools they learn some elementary things such as numbers, colors, and letters. Apart from that, babies play, have lunch and sleep there. Whatever they do, there is always someone keeping an eye on them.

Compulsory education begins at the age of 5 when children go to primary school. Primary education lasts for 6 years. It is divided into two periods: infant schools (pupils from 5 to 7 years old) and junior schools (pupils from 7 to 11 years old). In infant schools children don"t have real classes. They mostly play and learn through playing. It is the time when children just get acquainted with the classroom, the blackboard, desks and the teacher. But when pupils are 7, real studying begins. They don't already play as much as they did it in infant school. Now they have real classes, when they sit at desks, read, write and answer the teacher's questions.

Compulsory secondary education begins when children are 11 or 12 and lasts for 5 years. Secondary school is traditionally divided into 5 forms: a form to each year. Children study English, Mathematics, Science, History, Art, Geography, Music, a Foreign language and have lessons of Physical training. Religious education is also provided. English, Mathematics and Science are called "core" subjects. At the age of 7,11 and 14 pupils take examinations in the core subjects.

There are 3 types of state secondary schools in Great Britain. They are:

1) comprehensive schools, which take pupils of all abilities without exams. In such schools pupils are often put into certain sets or groups, which are formed according to their abilities for technical or humanitarian subjects. Almost all senior pupils (around 90 per cent) go there;

2) grammar schools, which give secondary education of a very high standard. Entrance is based on the test of ability, usually at 11. Grammar schools are single sexed schools;

3) modern schools, which don't prepare pupils for universities. Education in such schools gives good prospects for practical jobs.

After five years of secondary education, at the age of 16, pupils take the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination. When they are in the third or in the forth form, they begin to choose their exam subjects and prepare for them.

After finishing the fifth form pupils can make their choice: they may either leave school and go to a Further Education College or continue their education in the sixth form. Those who stay at school after GCSE, study for 2 more years for "A" (Advanced) Level Exams in two or three subjects which is necessary to get a place at one of British universities.

There are also about 500 private schools in Great Britain. Most of these schools are boarding ones, where children live as well as study. Education in such schools is very expensive, that "s why only 5 per cent of schoolchildren attend them. Private schools are also called preparatory (for children up to 13 years old) and public schools (for pupils from 13 to 18 years old). Any pupil can enter the best university of the country after leaving this school. The most famous British public schools are Eton, Harrow and Winchester.

After leaving secondary school young people can apply to a university, a polytechnic or a college of further education.

There are 126 universities in Britain. They are divided into 5 types:

The Old ones, which were founded before the 19th century, such as Oxford and Cambridge;

The Red Brick, which were founded in the 19th or 20th century;

The Plate Glass, which were founded in the 1960s;

The Open University It is the only university offering extramural education. Students learn subjects at home and then post ready exercises off to their tutors for marking;

The New ones. They are former polytechnic academies and colleges.

The best universities, in view of "The Times" and "The Guardian", are The University of Oxford, The University of Cambridge, London School of Economics, London Imperial College, London University College.

Universities usually select students basing on their A-level results and an interview.

After three years of study a university graduate get the Degree of a Bachelor of Arts, Science or Engineering. Many students then continue their studies for a Master's Degree and then a Doctor's Degree (PhD).

Text translation: Education in Great Britain - Education in Great Britain (5)

In the UK, 12 million children attend about 40 thousand schools. Education here is compulsory and free for children from 5 to 16 years old. Many children go to kindergarten, when they turn 3 years old, but this is not necessary. In kindergartens, children learn basic basics such as numbers, colors and letters. In addition, they play, eat and sleep there. No matter what they do, there is always someone watching over them.

Compulsory education begins at age 5, when children enter primary school. Elementary education lasts 6 years. It is divided into 2 periods: school for children (from 5 to 7 years old) and Primary School(from 7 to 11 years old). IN junior school The children have no lessons. They mostly play and learn through play. This is the time when children are just getting acquainted with the classroom, blackboard, desks and teacher. But when children turn 7 years old, real learning begins for them. They no longer devote as much time to the game as they did in elementary school. Now they have real lessons: they sit at their desks, read, write and answer the teacher’s questions.

Compulsory secondary education begins when children are 11 or 12 years old and lasts 5 years. Secondary school is traditionally divided into 5 classes - one class per year of study. Children studying native language, mathematics, science, history, art, geography, music, any foreign language and do physical exercise. Religious teaching is also provided. English, mathematics and science are the core subjects. At the ages of 7, 11 and 14, schoolchildren take exams in core subjects.

There are 3 types of public secondary schools:

1) General education schools. They accept students of all abilities without entrance exams. In such schools, children are usually divided into different groups, depending on their level of technical or humanitarian subjects. Almost all high school students (about 90%) go to these schools.

2) Grammar schools. They provide a very good secondary education high level. Admission to such a school depends on the results of a written examination, which children take at the age of 11. Separate education for boys and girls is practiced in grammar schools.

3) Modern schools. They don't prepare children for university. Studying in such schools gives prospects only in the working sphere of activity.

After five years of secondary school, at the age of 16, students take the Secondary School Certificate Examination. Already in the 3rd or 4th grade, they begin to choose subjects to take exams and prepare for them.

At the end of the 5th grade, children are given a choice: they can either graduate from high school and continue their education in college, or go to the 6th grade. Those who remain in school after the GCSE study for a further 2 years, after which they take the A-level exams in two or three subjects, which are required for entry into a British university.

There are also around 500 private, or independent, schools in the UK. Most of them are boarding schools, where children not only study, but also live. Education in such schools is very expensive, so only 5% of all schoolchildren attend them. There are preparatory private schools (for children up to 13 years old) and privileged private schools (for children from 13 to 18 years old). The most famous private schools in Great Britain: Eton, Harrow, Winchester.

Once a student has graduated from school, they are eligible to apply to a university, technical school or college for further education.

There are 126 universities in the UK. They are divided into 5 types:

- ancient. Founded before the 19th century, these include Oxford and Cambridge;

— "Red Brick" (Red Brick). Founded in the 19th or 20th century;

— “Glass” (Plate Glass). Founded in the 1960s;

— Open University. It is the only university offering distance education. Students study subjects at home and then send completed assignments to teachers for checking;

Education in Great Britain is provided by the Local Education Authority (LEA) in each county. Until recently, each LEA was free to decide how to organize education in its own area. However, in 1988 the “National Curriculum” was introduced. It means that there is greater government control over what is taught in schools now.

Children under five don’t have to go to school, but there is some free nursery-school education before that age. The places are usually given to families in special circumstances, for example families with one parent only. That’s why in many areas parents have formed play groups where children under five years can go for a morning or afternoon a couple of times a week.

At the age of five children go to primary schools, first to infant schools for pupils aged from 5 to 7 and then to junior, schools for pupils from 8 to 11 years.

Some parents choose to pay for private education though there are free state schools. Private schools are called by different names compared to state schools. The preparatory schools are for pupils aged up to 13, and the public schools are for 13 to 18 year-olds. These schools are very expensive and they are attended only by about 5 per cent of the schoolchildren.

Free secondary education has been available to all children in Britain since 1944. Children must go to school until the age of 16, and pupils may stay on for one or two years more if they wish.

Over 80 per cent of schoolchildren go to comprehensive schools at the age of 11. These schools are not selective - you don’t have to pass an exam to go there. But before 1965 all children took an exam at the age of 11 called the “11+”. The top 20 per cent were chosen to go to the academic grammar schools. Those who failed the “11+” went to secondary modern schools. A lot of people thought that this system of selection at the age of 11 was unfair on many children. So comprehensive schools were introduced to offer education for pupils of all abilities. There are a few LEAs who still keep the old system, but most LEAs have now changed over completely to nonselective education in comprehensive schools.

Comprehensive schools want to develop the talents of each individual child. So they offer a wide choice of subjects, from art and craft, woodwork and domestic science to the sciences, modern languages, computer studies, etc. All these subjects are enjoyed by both girls and boys. All pupils move to the next class automatically at the end of the year.

At the age of 14 or 15 pupils begin to choose their exam subjects. In 1988 a new public examination - the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) - was introduced for 16 year-olds. This examination assesses pupils on the work they do in the 4th and 5th year at secondary school, For University entrance pupils have to take “A” Level (Advanced Level) GCE exam.

Many people decide to leave school at the age of 16 and go to a Further Education (FE) College for practical vocational training, for example in engineering, typing, cooking or hairdressing.

All state schools in Britain are free, and schools provide their pupils with books and equipment for their studies.

Nine million children attend 35,000 schools in Britain. Education is compulsory from 5 till 16 years. Parents can choose to send their children to a nursery school or a pre-school playgroup to prepare them for the start of compulsory education.

Children start primary school at 5 and continue until they are 11. Most children are taught together, boys and girls in the same class. At 11 most pupils go to secondary schools called comprehensives which accept a wide range of children from all backgrounds and religious and ethnic groups. Ninety per cent of secondary schools in England, Scotland and Wales are co-educational.

At 16 pupils take a national exam called “G.C.S.E.” (General Certificate of Secondary Education) and then they can leave school if they wish. This is the end of compulsory education.

Some 16-year-olds continue their studies in the sixth form at school or at a sixth form college. The sixth form prepares pupils for a national exam called “A” level (advanced level) at IS. Yon-need “A” level to enter a university.

Other 16-year-olds choose to go to a college of further education to study for more practical (vocational) diplomas relating to the world of work, such as hairdressing, typing or mechanics.

Universities and colleges of higher education accept students with “A” levels from 18. Students study for a degree which takes on average three years of full-time study.

Most students graduate at 21 or 22 and are given their degree at a special graduation ceremony.

Topic translation: Education system in Great Britain. Public education

All public schools in Britain offer free education. Schools provide students with books and equipment for learning.

Nine million children attend 35,000 schools in Britain. Education is compulsory from five to sixteen years of age. Parents can send their children to a nursery or preparatory group to prepare them for compulsory education.

Children start going to school at the age of five and study there until the age of eleven. Most children study together, boys and girls, in the same class. At age 11, many students go to high school, called general education, which is attended by children of various social classes, religious and ethnic groups. 90% of secondary schools in England, Scotland and Wales are co-educational.

At age 16, students take an exam to obtain a high school diploma. And after that they can leave school if they want. This is where compulsory education ends.

Some sixteen-year-olds continue their studies in the sixth form of school or at a six-year college. In the sixth form, students are prepared for a national exam called A-Level - Advanced Level. This exam is taken at the age of 18 and is required for admission to university.

Other sixteen-year-old students go to college to continue their education and receive vocational diplomas that give them the opportunity to work, for example, as hairdressers, machinists, and mechanics.

Universities and colleges higher education accepts students over 18 years of age who have passed the advanced level exam. Students study towards an advanced degree. Study lasts on average three years on a full-time basis.

Most students graduate from university at 21 or 22 years old. They are awarded their degrees at a graduation ceremony.

For seven hundred years Oxford and Cambridge universities dominated the British education. Scotland had four universities, all founded before A. D. 1600. Wales only acquired a university in the 20th century; it consisted of four university colleges located in different cities (Cardiff, Swansea, Bangor, and Aberystwith). The first English university after Oxford and Cambridge (sometimes referred to as Oxbridge) was Durham, in the North of England, founded in 1832. The University of London was founded a few years later in 1836.

During the nineteenth century institutions of higher education were founded in most of the biggest industrial towns, like Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield (sometimes called the Redbrick Universities). At first they did not have full university status but were known as university colleges; since 1945, however, all have become independent universities, and in recent years a number of other universities have been founded: Sussex, Essex, Warwick, and others.

In the middle 60s there was a further new development. Some of the local technical colleges maintained by local authorities had gained special prestige. By 1967 ten of these had been given charters as universities. Many of them are in the biggest cities where there were already established universities; so now we have the University of Aston (Birmingham), Salford (close to Manchester), Strathclyde (Glasgow), Herriot-Watt University (Edinburgh), Brunei University (London).

When we add all these together we find that the number of universities in England increased within ten years from nineteen to thirty-six, and in Scotland from four to eight.

Oxford university is a federation of colleges, and it is impossible to understand its structure unless one first understands the nature and function of these colleges, which have no resemblance whatever with the institutions called "colleges" in America.

Oxford has twenty-three ordinary colleges for men, five for women. All these are parallel institutions, and none of them is connected with any particular field of study. No matter what subject a student proposes to study he may study at any of the men's colleges.

Each college has a physical existence in the shape of a dining-hall, chapel, and residential rooms (enough to accommodate about half the student membership, the rest living in lodgings in the town). It is governed by its Fellows (commonly called "dons"), of whom there are usually about twenty or thirty. The dons are also responsible for teaching the students of the college through the tutorial system. The Fellows elect the Head of the college (whose title varies from college to college).

The colleges vary very much in size and extent of grounds and buildings.

Colleges choose their own students, and a student only becomes a member of the University by having been accepted by a college. Students are chosen mainly on academic merit, but the policy of colleges in this respect varies from college to college. Some tend to be rather keen to admit a few men who are very good at rugby or some other sport, or sons of former students or of lords, or of eminent citizens, or of millionaires.

The colleges and university buildings are scattered about the town, mostly in the central area, though the scientific laboratories and the women's colleges are quite a long way out.

The university teachers are mostly Fellows of colleges, who may at the same time hold university appointments as lecturers or professors. Part of the teaching is by means of lectures and any student- may attend any university lecture. At the beginning of each term (there are three terms in the Oxford academic year) a list is published showing all the lectures being given during the term within each faculty, and every student can choose which lectures he will attend, though his own college tutor will advise him which lectures seem likely to be more useful. Attendance at lectures is not compulsory, and no records of attendance are kept.

Apart from lectures, teaching is by means of the "tutorial" system, which is a system of individual tuition organized by the colleges. Each Fellow in a college is tutor in his own subject to the undergraduates who are studying it. Each student goes to his tutors room once every week to read out an essay which he has written, and for an hour he and the tutor discuss the essay. A student does not necessarily go only to his own tutor but may be assigned to another don in his own college or in another college when he is studying some particular topic which is outside the special interest of his own tutor.

Higher education in the UK

For seven hundred years, Oxford and Cambridge universities were the main ones in the British education system. There were four universities in Scotland, all founded before 1600. The university in Wales was founded only in the 20th century, it included four university colleges in the cities of Cardiff, Swansea, Bangor and Aberystwyth. Next to Oxford and Cambridge (sometimes called Oxbridge) is Durham in the north of England, which was founded in 1832. The University of London was founded a few years later, in 1836.

In the nineteenth century, higher educational institutions were founded in the largest industrial cities - Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield (they are also called Redbrick universities). At first they did not have university status, but were known as university colleges, and from 1945 all became independent universities. IN last years Universities such as Sussex, Essex, Warwick and others were founded.

In the mid-60s, universities received a new development. Some of the local higher technical educational institutions supported by local authorities have acquired special status. By 1967, ten of them had been given university rights. Many are located in large cities where there were already universities. Today these are the universities of Aston (Birmingham), Salford (near Manchester), Strathclyde (Glasgow), Harriot-Watt University (Edinburgh), and the University of Brunei (London).

Having analyzed all this, we see that the number of universities in England has increased in ten years from nineteen to thirty-six, and in Scotland from four to eight.

Oxford University is a federation of colleges, and one cannot understand its structure without understanding the structure and function of these colleges, which have nothing in common with American "colleges."

Oxford has twenty-three regular men's colleges and five women's colleges. All these are institutions with general program, and none of them are associated with any particular field of science. Whatever subject a student is offered to study, he can study in any of these colleges.

Each college has a dining hall, a church and living quarters (enough to house half the students, the rest live in apartments in the city). The university is governed by college council members (faculty), usually twenty or thirty people. They are also responsible for the studies of college students through the advisory system. Council members elect the college chairman (this title is called differently in each college).

Colleges vary in size and area of ​​land and buildings.

Colleges select their students, and a student becomes a member of the university only after being accepted into the college. Students are selected primarily on academic merit, but college policies on this issue also vary. Some colleges tend to admit those students who are good at rugby or some other sport, or the sons of former students or lords, or distinguished citizens, or millionaires.

College and university buildings are scattered throughout the city, usually in its central part, although scientific laboratories and women's colleges are located far from the center.

University teachers are typically members of the college council who serve as lecturers and professors at the university. Part of the study is lectures, any student can attend any university lecture. At the beginning of each semester (at Oxford, for example, there are three semesters in the academic year), a schedule of lectures by department for the semester is published, and each student can choose which lectures he will attend. Typically, his university advisor can advise him on which lectures are most important. Attendance at lectures is not required, and no attendance records are kept.

In addition to lectures, teaching is carried out using a consultation system - this is a system of individual training organized in colleges. Each college teacher is also a supervisor in his own subject for final year students. Each student comes to their teacher once a week to read the paper they have written and discuss it with their mentor for an hour. A student does not have to attend only the lectures of his mentor. He can study with any teacher in his own or in another college, if he is studying a topic that is not within the circle of interests of his mentor.

Vocabulary:
compulsory - required;
nursery school [ˈnəːsərɪ] - kindergarten;
Primary School [ˈpraɪmərɪ] - elementary school;
Secondary School [ˈsekəndərɪ] - secondary school;
last - continue;
General Certificate - General certificate;
A-level - level A;
higher - higher;
receive - to receive;
accommodation [əkɒməˈdeɪſ(ə)n] - housing;

Twelve million children visit about 40,000 schools in Britain. Education in Great Britain is compulsory. All British children must study at school between the ages of 5 and 16. Many of them stay longer and take school-leaving exams when they are 18. But before that age of 5 many children can go to a nursery school, also called play school .

In Primary School and First School children learn to read and write and the basis of arithmetic. In the higher classes of Primary School (or in Middle School) children learn geography, history, religion and, in some schools, a foreign language. Then children go to the Secondary School.

Compulsory secondary education begins when children are 11 or 12 and lasts for 5 years. Secondary school is traditionally divided into 5 forms: a form to each year. Children study English, Mathematics, Science, History, Art, Geography, Music, a Foreign language and have lessons of Physical training, Religious. At the age of 7,11 and 14 pupils take examinations in the core subjects.

At the age of 16 pupils take General Certificate of Secondary Education exams in several subjects. After that they can try to get a job, go to college of further education, or stay at school for another 2-3 years.

If they stay at school after 16, or go to a college of further education, they take school-leaving A-level exams at the age of 18. After that, they may choose to go to a university or a college of higher education.

In England there are 47 universities, including the Open University which teaches via TV and radio, about 400 colleges and institutes of higher education. The oldest universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge. Generally, universities award two kinds of degrees: the Bachelor’s degree and the Master’s degree.

Students may receive grants and loans from their Local Educational Authorities to help pay for books, accommodation, transport and food. However, most students should pay these loans back after they get a job.

Most students in Great Britain live away from home, in flats or halls of residence. To pay for education, many students have to work in the evening and during their summer vacations.

Some parents choose private schools for their children. They are very expensive but considered to provide a better education and good job opportunities.

Topic by English language on the topic: Education in Great Britain / Education in Great Britain