Flowers fable - Ivan Andreevich Krylov. Fable flowers - krylov ivan andreevich From the history of fables

It is a work in verse or prose, which is satirical in nature. Any fable begins or ends with moralizing phrases, which in literary circles are usually called morality. The main characters of such works are people, birds, animals, plants, inanimate objects.

From the history of fables

Aesop, who lived in Ancient Greece in VI-V Art. BC e. Among the Romans, Phaedrus (1st century AD) was a famous author of satirical works. The 17th century gave France and the whole world the talented fabulist Jean de La Fontaine. In Russia, the most famous writer of moralistic poetic works was Ivan Andreevich Krylov (1769-1844). The poet wrote 236 fables during his life, which were published in 9 collections during his lifetime. In his satirical creations, Ivan Andreevich touched the whole of Russia: from ordinary peasants to nobles and the tsar. Some of Krylov's fables in their plots have something in common with the works of Aesop and La Fontaine. There are also completely original stories in his work, the content of which has not been found anywhere else.

Heroes of stories

Every Russian person has known Ivan Krylov since childhood. His fables are written in an accessible language using phraseological units, sayings and proverbs. Their stories are distinguished by the reliability of what is happening and touch on topical topics. Greed, stupidity, vanity, hypocrisy, mental limitations and other human vices are presented in the poet's works in the most unattractive form. Although the heroes of Krylov's fables are mostly animals, the author has always associated their images with people. His satire ridicules idle nobles, judges, officials, bureaucrats, doing their dirty deeds with impunity. Emperor Alexander I also inherited from the work of Ivan Andreevich: he is not presented in the best possible way in the form of the king of beasts, a lion, in the fables “Motley Sheep” and “Fish Dance”. In contrast to the nobility and rich people, Krylov sympathizes with the poor, suffering from lawlessness and serfdom.

Feature of the poet's works

Krylov's fables are short satirical literary creations that are distinguished by a fascinating plot, dynamism, realistic dialogues, and psychological authenticity of the characters' images. Some of his satires describe everyday scenes (“The Merchant”, “Two Men”), others are allegories (“Wild Goats”), and others are pamphlets (“Pike”, “Motley Sheep”). Krylov also has stories in poetic form (“Mot and Swallow”). The uniqueness of the poet's fables lies in the fact that, despite their more than respectable age, they have not lost their relevance today. And this is not surprising, because human vices do not change over time.

Characteristics of the "Quartet"

The fable "Quartet" is familiar to everyone. Krylov was pushed into her mind by ignoramuses who do not take up their own business. The plot of the fable, written in 1811, is quite simple: a monkey, a bear, a donkey and a goat decided to organize a musical quartet. But no matter how hard they tried to play the instruments, no matter how many times they changed seats, nothing worked out for them. The heroes of the fable did not take into account the most important thing: one desire is not enough to become musicians. To do this, you still need to know at least musical notation and play the instruments. In the phrase of the nightingale, who became an accidental witness to the unsuccessful attempts of the quartet to play, the moral of the whole fable lies: no matter how they sit down, they still will not turn out to be musicians.

Krylov's fable "Quartet" refers not only to unfortunate musicians. The poet in it expressed the idea that skill and talent are necessary in all endeavors that a person undertakes. Often people overestimate their abilities and grab onto overwhelming things, being sure that they will succeed without knowledge and preliminary preparation. Vanity, self-confidence and boastfulness cover their eyes with a veil, and they do not want to understand one thing: any occupation needs to be trained, and this requires a long time and talent. In his work, the author openly laughs at fools and talkers, whose words disagree with their deeds. The heroes of the Quartet fable personify the author's political figures of those times who lacked the professionalism to make the right decisions.

A few words about "Swan, cancer and pike"

Considering Krylov's fables, one cannot ignore his famous satirical creation The Swan, Crayfish and Pike (1814). In the plot of the work, there is a subtle allusion to the events taking place in those days in Russia - the indignation of the Russian people with the discord that reigned in the State Council. The fable begins with a short three-line edification, the meaning of which lies in a simple truth: if there is no agreement among friends, then no matter what they undertake, they will not succeed. It was in the introduction that Krylov expressed the moral of the fable. This is followed by the story itself about how a pike, a crayfish and a swan harnessed to the cart, but could not budge it, because each of them pulled it in its own direction. The fable is one of the most famous creations of the poet, it became popular during his lifetime and remains so to this day. The last line of the fable "and things are still there" turned into catchphrase, symbolizing the lack of unity in thoughts and actions, and the main characters of the poem became the heroes of numerous caricatures.

The modern school curriculum always includes Ivan Krylov. His fables are easy to understand and therefore understandable to children of all ages. With particular interest, the younger generation reads "To the Crow and the Fox", written by the author in 1807. The creation of Krylov's work was inspired by the work of Aesop, Phaedrus, La Fontaine and other fabulists who had already used a similar plot with a fox and a crow. Summary the following fable: a crow somewhere got a piece of cheese and flew up a tree in order to eat it. A fox running past liked the delicacy, and she wanted to lure him out of the bird. Sitting under a tree, the cheat began to ask the crow to sing, praising her vocal abilities in every possible way. The bird succumbed to flattering speeches, croaked and the cheese fell out of its beak. The fox grabbed him and ran away. The moral of the fable sounds in its first lines: with the help of flattery, a person will always achieve his goal.

Other notable fables

The moral of Krylov's fables is clear to everyone. In the work "Dragonfly and Ant" its meaning lies in the fact that one who does not think about tomorrow runs the risk of remaining hungry, cold and without a roof over his head. Krylov sings of industriousness in his creation and mocks carelessness, stupidity and laziness.

The moral of the fable "Monkey Glasses" is that people who do not understand the business they are taking on look ridiculous. In a satirical work, ignoramuses are ridiculed in the image of a monkey, and glasses are identified with knowledge. People who do not understand anything in science and take up it will only make others laugh with their stupidity.

Despite the fact that Krylov's fables are short, they very clearly reflect the author's attitude to all kinds of human shortcomings. Oddly enough, but after two centuries have passed since the writing of the poet's works, nothing has changed in society, so they can still be used today as moralizing stories and educate the younger generation on them.

Artificial flowers scold the rain, and real ones become more magnificent from it - Krylov's fable "Flowers" will tell about this.

Read the text of the fable:

In the open window of rich peace,

In porcelain, painted pots,

Fake flowers, standing together with live ones,

On wire stalks

Swinging arrogantly

And they exhibited their beauty to everyone to marvel.

Here the rain began to fall.

Taffeta flowers * Jupiter is asked here:

Is it possible to calm the rain;

Rain in every possible way they scold and vilify.

"Jupiter! - pray - you stop the rain,

What's in it way

And what is worse in the world?

Look, you can't walk down the street:

Everywhere only from him and dirt and puddles.

However, Zeus did not heed the empty prayer,

And the rain has gone its own way.

Chasing away the heat

He cooled the air; nature revived,

And the greenery all seemed to be renewed.

Then and on the window Flowers are all alive

Spread out in all their glory

And they became fragrant from the rain,

Fresher and fluffier.

And the poor Flowers have been fake ever since

Lost all their beauty and thrown into the yard,

True talents do not get angry for criticism:

Beauty cannot harm them;

Some fake flowers

They are afraid of the rain.

* Taffeta is a light silk fabric with a high sheen.

Moral of the Flowers fable:

The author concluded the moral of the fable in the last lines: real talent will not hurt criticism from the outside. In a figurative sense, under the image of real Flowers, I. A. Krylov meant gifted poets, musicians, artists, and representatives of other creative fields. And artificial Flowers embody the image of mediocrity. The fabulist shows that criticism does not affect the talent of truly gifted people. There is another category - those who think they are great talents. They quickly lose their feigned charm, like artificial Flowers soaked in the rain.

The history of the creation of the fable "Cornflower", the author of which is the famous fabulist I.A. Krylov, is unusual. It so happened that in 1823 Krylov's health deteriorated sharply. He had a blow. Gathering the last of his strength, he reached the Olenins' house on the Fontanka, opposite the Obukhov hospital. During his illness, the fabulist decided to stay here.

In the spring, Empress Maria Feodorovna, who respected the famous fabulist, learned about his illness. Arriving in Pavlovsk, she ordered A.N. Olenin to bring the venerable author to her

Adding at the same time: "Under my supervision, he will soon recover." A miracle happened - and Krylov got out of a serious illness, he felt good. As a sign of gratitude to the illustrious person, he wrote the graceful fable "Cornflower". In one of the publications, in the picture for this fable, the following was depicted: Krylov sat on a stone in the Pavlovsk Garden, next to the bust of the Empress, and listened to the conversation between Cornflower and Zhuk ...

Fable "Cornflower"

In the wilderness bloomed cornflower
Suddenly became sick, withered almost to half
And, bowing my head on a stalk,
Dejectedly awaiting his death;
Zephyr, meanwhile, he plaintively whispered:
“Oh, if the day would come sooner,
And the sun lit up the red field here,
Perhaps it would revive me too!” -
“How simple you are, my friend! -
He was told, digging close, Beetle. -
Is the sun only worries,
To watch you grow
Are you withering or blooming?
Believe that he has neither time nor desire
Not for this.
When you flew like me, yes you would know the light,
I would have seen that there are meadows, fields and fields
They only live, they are only happy:
It is with its warmth
Huge oaks and cedars warms,
And amazing beauty
Flowers fragrant richly removes;
Yes, only those flowers
Not at all what you
They are of such price and beauty,
That time itself, pitying them, mows;
And you are neither magnificent nor fragrant:
So don't torment the sun with your dokukoy!
Believe that it will not cast a ray on you,
And stop trying to be empty
Shut up and wail!”
But the sun rose, lit up nature,
Rays scattered across the realm of the florin,
And poor Cornflower, withered in the night,
Revived by heavenly gaze.

Oh you, to whom destiny is given
High rank!
You take an example from my sun!
See:
Wherever only a ray reaches it, there it is
Is it a blade of grass, does it do good to a cedar,
And joy in itself and happiness leaves;
For this, his sight burns in all hearts,
Like a pure beam in oriental crystals,
And everyone blesses him.