Approximate program of basic general education in chemistry. Work programs in chemistry FGOS chemistry program at school

In the system of natural science education, chemistry as an academic subject occupies an important place in the knowledge of the laws of nature, the formation of a scientific picture of the world, the creation of the basis of chemical knowledge necessary for Everyday life, skills for a healthy and safe lifestyle for humans and their environment, as well as in fostering an environmental culture.

The success of studying chemistry is associated with mastering the chemical language, observing the rules of safe work when performing a chemical experiment, and understanding the numerous connections of chemistry with other school subjects.

The program includes the basics of inorganic and organic chemistry. The main idea of the program is to create a basic set of basic knowledge in chemistry, expressed in a form appropriate to the age of the students.

The theoretical basis for the study of inorganic chemistry is atomic-molecular science, Periodic law DI. Mendeleev s brief information about the structure of the atom, types of chemical bonds, patterns of occurrence chemical reactions.

In the study of the course, a significant role is given to chemical experiment: conducting practical and laboratory work, description of the results of a student experiment, compliance with the norms and rules of safe work in a chemical laboratory.

The implementation of this program during the learning process will allow students to master key chemical competencies and understand the role and importance of chemistry among other natural sciences.

The study of the subject “Chemistry” in terms of developing a scientific worldview among students, mastering general scientific methods (observation, measurement, experiment, modeling), mastering the practical application of scientific knowledge is based on interdisciplinary connections with the subjects: “Biology”, “Geography”, “History”, “Literature”, “Mathematics”, “Fundamentals of life safety”, “Russian language”, “Physics”, “Ecology”.

Initial chemical concepts

Chemistry subject. Bodies and substances. Basic methods of cognition: observation, measurement, experiment. Physical and chemical phenomena. Pure substances and mixtures. Methods for separating mixtures. Atom. Molecule. Chemical element. Signs chemical elements. Simple and complex substances. Valence. The law of constancy of the composition of matter. Chemical formulas. Indexes. Relative atomic and molecular masses. Mass fraction of a chemical element in a compound. Law of conservation of mass of substances. Chemical equations. Odds. Conditions and signs of chemical reactions. A mole is a unit of quantity of a substance. Molar mass.

Oxygen. Hydrogen

Oxygen is a chemical element and a simple substance. Ozone. Air composition. Physical and Chemical properties oxygen. Obtaining and using oxygen. Thermal effect of chemical reactions. The concept of exo- and endothermic reactions. Hydrogen is a chemical element and a simple substance. Physical and chemical properties of hydrogen. Producing hydrogen in the laboratory. Hydrogen production in industry. Application of hydrogen. Avogadro's law. Molar volume of gases. Qualitative reactions to gaseous substances(oxygen, hydrogen). Volume ratios of gases in chemical reactions.

Water. Solutions

Water in nature. The water cycle in nature. Physical and chemical properties of water. Solutions. Solubility of substances in water. Concentration of solutions. Mass fraction of solute in solution.

Main classes inorganic compounds

Oxides. Classification. Nomenclature. Physical properties of oxides. Chemical properties of oxides. Preparation and use of oxides. Grounds. Classification. Nomenclature. Physical properties of bases. Preparation of bases. Chemical properties of bases. Neutralization reaction. Acids. Classification. Nomenclature. Physical properties of acids. Preparation and use of acids. Chemical properties of acids. Indicators. Changes in the color of indicators in different environments. Salt. Classification. Nomenclature. Physical properties of salts. Preparation and use of salts. Chemical properties of salts. Genetic relationships between classes of inorganic compounds. The problem of safe use of substances and chemical reactions in everyday life. Toxic, flammable and explosive substances. Household chemical literacy.

The structure of the atom. Periodic law and periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev

Atomic structure: nucleus, energy level. Composition of the nucleus of an atom: protons, neutrons. Isotopes. Periodic law D.I. Mendeleev. Periodic table of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev. The physical meaning of the atomic (ordinal) number of a chemical element, group number and period of the periodic system. The structure of the energy levels of atoms of the first 20 chemical elements of the periodic table D.I. Mendeleev. Patterns of changes in the properties of atoms of chemical elements and their compounds based on position in the periodic system D.I. Mendeleev and the structure of the atom. The meaning of the Periodic Law D.I. Mendeleev.

Structure of substances. Chemical bond

Electronegativity of atoms of chemical elements. Covalent chemical bond: non-polar and polar. The concept of hydrogen bonding and its effect on the physical properties of substances using water as an example. Ionic bond. Metal connection. Types of crystal lattices (atomic, molecular, ionic, metallic). Dependence of the physical properties of substances on the type of crystal lattice.

Chemical reactions

The concept of the speed of a chemical reaction. Factors influencing the rate of a chemical reaction. Concept of a catalyst. Classification of chemical reactions according to various criteria: the number and composition of the starting and resulting substances; changes in the oxidation states of atoms of chemical elements; absorption or release of energy. Electrolytic dissociation. Electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Ions. Cations and anions. Ion exchange reactions. Conditions for ion exchange reactions. Electrolytic dissociation of acids, alkalis and salts. Oxidation state. Determination of the degree of oxidation of atoms of chemical elements in compounds. Oxidizer. Reducing agent. The essence of redox reactions.

Nonmetals of groups IV – VII and their compounds

The position of non-metals in the periodic table of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev. General properties non-metals. Halogens: physical and chemical properties. Halogen compounds: hydrogen chloride, hydrochloric acid and its salts. Sulfur: physical and chemical properties. Sulfur compounds: hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, sulfur oxides. Sulfuric, sulfurous and hydrogen sulfide acids and their salts. Nitrogen: physical and chemical properties. Ammonia. Ammonium salts. Nitrogen oxides. Nitric acid and its salts. Phosphorus: physical and chemical properties. Phosphorus compounds: phosphorus oxide (V), orthophosphoric acid and its salts. Carbon: physical and chemical properties. Allotropy of carbon: diamond, graphite, carbyne, fullerenes. Carbon compounds: carbon oxides (II) and (IV), carbonic acid and its salts. Silicon and its compounds.

Metals and their compounds

The position of metals in the periodic table of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev. Metals in nature and general methods of their preparation. General physical properties of metals. General chemical properties of metals: reactions with non-metals, acids, salts. Electrochemical voltage series of metals. Alkali metals and their connections. Alkaline earth metals and their compounds. Aluminum. Amphotericity of aluminum oxide and hydroxide. Iron. Iron compounds and their properties: oxides, hydroxides and salts of iron (II and III).

Initial information about organic matter

Initial information about the structure of organic substances. Hydrocarbons: methane, ethane, ethylene. Sources of hydrocarbons: natural gas, oil, coal. Oxygen-containing compounds: alcohols (methanol, ethanol, glycerin), carboxylic acids(acetic acid, aminoacetic acid, stearic and oleic acids). Biologically important substances: fats, glucose, proteins. Chemical pollution environment and its consequences.

Types of calculation problems:

1. Calculation of the mass fraction of a chemical element using the compound formula.

Establishment simplest formula substances by mass fractions of chemical elements.

2. Calculations using chemical equations of the quantity, volume, mass of a substance based on the quantity, volume, mass of reagents or reaction products.

3. Calculation of the mass fraction of the dissolved substance in the solution.

Sample topics for practical work:

1. Laboratory equipment and handling techniques. Rules for safe work in a chemical laboratory.

2. Cleaning contaminated table salt.

3. Signs of chemical reactions occurring.

4. Obtaining oxygen and studying its properties.

5. Obtaining hydrogen and studying its properties.

6. Preparation of solutions with a certain mass fraction of dissolved substance.

7. Solving experimental problems on the topic “Main classes of inorganic compounds.”

8. Ion exchange reactions.

9. Qualitative reactions to ions in solution.

10. Obtaining ammonia and studying its properties.

11. Obtaining carbon dioxide and studying its properties.

12. Solving experimental problems on the topic “Non-metals of groups IV – VII and their compounds.”

13. Solving experimental problems on the topic “Metals and their compounds.”

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Document status

Sample program in chemistry is compiled on the basis of the federal component of the state standard of the basic general education.

The approximate program specifies the content of the standard, gives an approximate distribution of teaching hours among the sections of the course and the recommended sequence of studying topics and sections, taking into account inter- and intra-subject connections, the logic of the educational process, and the age characteristics of students. The approximate program defines a list of demonstrations, laboratory experiments, practical exercises and calculation problems.

The sample program performs two main functions:

The information and methodological function allows all participants educational process get an idea of the goals, content, general strategy of teaching, upbringing and development of students by means of this academic subject.

The organizational planning function involves identifying stages of training, structuring educational material, determination of its quantitative and qualitative characteristics at each stage, including for the content of the intermediate certification of students.

The approximate program is a guideline for the compilation of original educational programs and textbooks. Sample program defines invariant (mandatory) part training course chemistry in primary school, outside of which there remains the possibility of the author’s choice of a variable component of the content of education. At the same time, the authors of chemistry curricula and textbooks can offer their own approach in terms of structuring and determining the sequence of studying educational material, as well as ways to form a system of knowledge, skills and methods of activity, development and socialization of students. Thus, the exemplary program contributes to the preservation of a unified educational space and provides ample opportunities for the implementation of various approaches to the construction of a chemistry course in a primary school.

Document structure

The sample program includes three sections: explanatory note; main content with an approximate (in the modality “no less than”) distribution of training hours by sections of the course and a possible sequence of studying topics and sections; requirements for the level of training of graduates of basic school in chemistry. The sample program contains minimal but functionally complete content.

general characteristics academic subject

The main problems of chemistry are the study of the composition and structure of substances, the dependence of their properties on the structure, the design of substances with given properties, the study of the laws of chemical transformations and ways to control them in order to obtain substances, materials, and energy. Therefore, no matter how the author’s programs and textbooks differ in the depth of interpretation of the issues being studied, their educational content should be based on the content of the sample program, which is structured into six blocks: Methods of knowledge of substances and chemical phenomena. Experimental Fundamentals of Chemistry; Substance; Chemical reaction; Elementary fundamentals of inorganic chemistry; Initial ideas about organic substances; Chemistry and life. The content of these educational blocks in the author's programs can be structured by topic and detailed taking into account the author's concepts, but should be aimed at achieving the goals of chemical education.

Goals

The study of chemistry in basic school is aimed at achieving the following goals:

· development essential knowledge about the basic concepts and laws of chemistry, chemical symbolism;
· mastery of skills observe chemical phenomena, conduct a chemical experiment, make calculations based on chemical formulas of substances and equations of chemical reactions;
· development cognitive interests and intellectual abilities in the process of conducting a chemical experiment, independent acquisition of knowledge in accordance with emerging life needs;
· upbringing attitude to chemistry as one of the fundamental components of natural science and an element of universal human culture;
· application of acquired knowledge and skills for the safe use of substances and materials in everyday life, agriculture and in production, solving practical problems in everyday life, preventing phenomena harmful to human health and the environment.

Place of the subject in the basic curriculum

For compulsory study of the academic subject “Chemistry” at the stage of basic general education, the federal basic syllabus For educational institutions Russian Federation allocates 140 hours. Including 70 hours in grades VIII and IX, based on 2 teaching hours per week.

The sample program is designed for 140 teaching hours. It provides a reserve of free educational time in the amount of 14 academic hours (or 10%) for the implementation of original approaches, the use of various forms of organizing the educational process, the implementation modern methods learning and pedagogical technologies.

General educational abilities, skills and methods of activity

The sample program provides for the development of general educational skills and abilities in students, universal methods of activity and key competencies. In this direction, the priorities for the academic subject “Chemistry” at the level of basic general education are: the use of various methods (observations, measurements, experiments, experiments) to understand the surrounding world; conducting practical and laboratory work, simple experiments and describing their results; use of various sources of information to solve cognitive problems; compliance with norms and rules of conduct in chemical laboratories, in the environment, as well as rules healthy image life.

Learning outcomes

The results of the “Chemistry” course are given in the “Requirements for the level of graduate training” section, which fully complies with the standard. The requirements are aimed at the implementation of activity-based, practice-oriented and personality-oriented approaches; students' mastery of intellectual and practical activities; mastering knowledge and skills that are in demand in everyday life, allowing one to navigate the world around them, and that are significant for preserving the environment and one’s own health.

The “Be able to” section includes requirements based on more complex types activities, including creative ones: explain, characterize, define, compose, recognize empirically, calculate.

The heading “Use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life” presents requirements that go beyond the educational process and are aimed at solving various life problems.

MAIN CONTENT (140 hours)

METHODS OF KNOWING SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL PHENOMENA.

EXPERIMENTAL FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY (8 hours).

Chemistry as part of natural science. Chemistry is the science of substances, their structure, properties and transformations.

Observation, description, measurement, experiment, modeling. Concept of chemical analysis and synthesis.

Rules for working in a school laboratory. Laboratory glassware and equipment. Safety regulations.

Separation of mixtures. Purification of substances. Filtration.

Weighing. Preparation of solutions. Obtaining salt crystals. Carrying out chemical reactions in solutions.

Heating devices. Carrying out chemical reactions when heated.

Methods for analyzing substances. Qualitative reactions to gaseous substances and ions in solution. Determining the nature of the environment. Indicators.

Obtaining gaseous substances.

Demonstrations

Samples of simple and complex substances.

Magnesium combustion.

Dissolving substances in various solvents.

Laboratory experiments

Familiarity with samples of simple and complex substances.

Separation of mixtures.

Chemical phenomena (calcination of copper wire; interaction of chalk with acid).

Practical lessons

Familiarization with laboratory equipment. Rules for safe work in a chemical laboratory.

Cleaning contaminated table salt.

Preparation of a solution with a given mass fraction of dissolved substance.

SUBSTANCE (25 hour).

Atoms and molecules. Chemical element. The language of chemistry. Signs of chemical elements, chemical formulas. Law of constancy of composition.

Relative atomic and molecular masses. Atomic mass unit. Amount of substance, mol. Molar mass. Molar volume.

Pure substances and mixtures of substances. Natural mixtures: air, natural gas, oil, natural waters.

Qualitative and quantitative composition of a substance. Simple substances(metals and non-metals). Complex substances (organic and inorganic). Main classes inorganic substances.

Periodic law and periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev. Groups and periods of the periodic table.

The structure of the atom. Nucleus (protons, neutrons) and electrons. Isotopes. The structure of the electronic shells of the atoms of the first 20 elements of the periodic table D.I. Mendeleev.

The structure of molecules. Chemical bond. Types chemical bonds: covalent (polar and nonpolar), ionic, metallic. The concept of valency and oxidation state. Drawing up formulas of compounds by valence (or oxidation state).

Substances in solid, liquid and gaseous states. Crystalline and amorphous substances. Types of crystal lattices (atomic, molecular, ionic and metallic).

Demonstrations

Chemical compounds amount of substance in 1 mole.

Model of the molar volume of gases.

Collections of oil, coal and their products.

Introduction to samples of oxides, acids, bases and salts.

Models of crystal lattices of covalent and ionic compounds.

Sublimation of iodine.

Comparison of physicochemical properties of compounds with covalent and ionic bonds.

Samples of typical metals and non-metals.

Calculation problems

Calculation of the relative molecular mass of a substance using the formula.

Calculation of the mass fraction of an element in a chemical compound.

Establishing the simplest formula of a substance based on the mass fractions of elements.

CHEMICAL REACTION (15 hours).

Chemical reaction. Equation and diagram of a chemical reaction. Conditions and signs of chemical reactions. Conservation of mass of substances during chemical reactions.

Classification of chemical reactions according to various criteria: the number and composition of the starting and resulting substances; changes in oxidation states of chemical elements; absorption or release of energy. The concept of the rate of chemical reactions. Catalysts.

Electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Electrolytic dissociation of acids, alkalis and salts in aqueous solutions. Ions. Cations and anions. Ion exchange reactions.

Redox reactions. Oxidizing agent and reducing agent.

Demonstrations

Reactions illustrating the main features of characteristic reactions

Neutralization of alkali with acid in the presence of an indicator.

Laboratory experiments

Interaction of magnesium oxide with acids.

Interaction of carbon dioxide with lime water.

Obtaining precipitates of insoluble hydroxides and studying their properties.

Practical lessons

Perform experiments demonstrating genetic relationships between major classes of inorganic compounds.

Calculation problems

Calculations using chemical equations of the mass, volume or quantity of one of the reaction products based on the mass of the starting substance and the substance containing a certain proportion of impurities.

ELEMENTARY FUNDAMENTALS OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (62 hours).

Hydrogen, physical and chemical properties, production and application.

Oxygen, physical and chemical properties, production and application.

Water and its properties. Solubility of substances in water. The water cycle in nature.

Halogens. Hydrogen chloride. Hydrochloric acid and its salts.

Sulfur, physical and chemical properties, occurrence in nature. Sulfur(VI) oxide. Sulfuric acid and its salts. Oxidizing properties of concentrated sulfuric acid. Sulfurous and hydrosulphuric acids and their salts.

Ammonia. Ammonium salts. Nitrogen, physical and chemical properties, preparation and application. Nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen oxides (II and IV). Nitric acid and its salts. Oxidative properties of nitric acid.

Phosphorus. Phosphorus (V) oxide. Orthophosphoric acid and its salts.

Carbon, allotropic modifications, physical and chemical properties of carbon. Carbon monoxide – properties and physiological effects on the body. Carbon dioxide, carbonic acid and its salts. Carbon cycle.

Silicon. Silicon(IV) oxide. Silicic acid and silicates. Glass.

Position of metals in Periodic table chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev. The concept of metallurgy. Methods for obtaining metals. Alloys (steel, cast iron, duralumin, bronze). General chemical properties of metals: reactions with non-metals, acids, salts. A range of metal stresses.

Alkali and alkaline earth metals and their compounds.

Aluminum. Amphotericity of oxide and hydroxide.

Iron. Oxides, hydroxides and salts of iron (II and III).

Demonstrations

Interaction of sodium and calcium with water.

Samples of non-metals.

Allotropy of sulfur.

Obtaining hydrogen chloride and dissolving it in water.

Recognition of chlorine compounds.

Crystal lattices of diamond and graphite.

Production of ammonia.

Laboratory experiments

Acquaintance with samples of metals and alloys (working with collections).

Dissolution of iron and zinc in hydrochloric acid.

Displacement of one metal by another from a salt solution.

Acquaintance with samples of natural compounds of non-metals (chlorides, sulfides, sulfates, nitrates, carbonates, silicates).

Acquaintance with metal samples, iron ores, aluminum compounds.

Recognition of chloride, sulfate, carbonate anions and cations of ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium.

Practical lessons

Obtaining, collecting and recognizing gases (oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide).

Solving experimental problems in chemistry on the topic “Obtaining metal compounds and studying their properties.”

Solving experimental problems

Department of Education of the Bolshesosnovsky Municipal District

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Bolshesnovskaya secondary school"

"AGREED" "APPROVED"

Minutes of the meeting, decision of the teachers' council, protocol No. 1 of August 28, 2015.

methodological unification Director of MBOU "Bolshesnovskaya Secondary School"

teachers _________________ ____________________ O.A. Liskova

WORKING PROGRAMM

By chemistry

Level of study (grade): basic general education: 8 grades

Number of hours 68 (2 hours per week)

Teacher Degtereva Alena Grigorievna

The program is developed based on programs of basic general education in chemistry (basic level) and the original program of O.S. Gabrielyan, A.V. Kuptsova Program of basic general education in chemistry. 8-9 grades. M: Bustard, 2012.

With. Bolshaya Sosnova

2015

Chemistry work program

8th grade (2 hours per week, 68 hours per year)

1. Explanatory note

The work program in chemistry is compiled on the basis of the federal component of the state educational standard of basic general education at the basic level, based on an approximate chemistry course program for grades 8-9 educational institutions O.S. Gaborielyan (O.S. Gabrielyan Chemistry course program for grades 8-11 of educational institutions" M. Bustard, 2009.

The work program is intended for studying chemistry in the 8th grade of school using the textbook by O.S. Gabrielyan "Chemistry. 8th grade". Bustard, 2012. The textbook complies with the federal component of the state educational standard for basic general education in chemistry and implements the author’s program of O.S. Gabrielyan. Included in the federal list of textbooks recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for use in the educational process in educational institutions, for 2015/2016 academic year. The textbook is certified “Recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.”

In accordance with the federal basic curriculum for basic general education and in accordance with the curriculum of the Bolshesnovskaya Secondary School, the program is designed to teach a chemistry course in the 8th grade for 2 hours per week (68 hours per year).

Quantity tests in a year – 5

Number of practical works per year – 7

2. Course objectives

The study of chemistry in basic school is aimed at achieving the following goals:

development essential knowledge about the basic concepts and laws of chemistry, chemical symbolism;

mastery of skills observe chemical phenomena, conduct a chemical experiment, make calculations based on chemical formulas of substances and equations of chemical reactions;

development cognitive interests and intellectual abilities in the process of conducting a chemical experiment, independent acquisition of knowledge in accordance with emerging life needs;

upbringing attitude to chemistry as one of the fundamental components of natural science and an element of universal human culture;

application of acquired knowledge and skills for the safe use of substances and materials in everyday life, agriculture and production, solving practical problems in everyday life, preventing phenomena harmful to human health and the environment.

3. Course structure

CHAPTER

Number of hours

Introduction.

Atoms of chemical elements.

Simple substances.

Compounds of chemical elements.

Changes occurring in substances.

TOTAL

As a result of studying chemistry, the student must

know/understand

chemical symbolism : signs of chemical elements, formulas chemical substances and equations of chemical reactions;

the most important chemical concepts : chemical element, atom, molecule, relative atomic and molecular masses, ion, chemical bond, substance, classification of substances, mole, molar mass, molar volume, chemical reaction, classification of reactions, electrolyte and non-electrolyte, electrolytic dissociation, oxidizing agent and reducing agent, oxidation and recovery;

basic laws of chemistry : conservation of mass of substances, constancy of composition, periodic law;

be able to

call: chemical elements, compounds of the studied classes;

explain: the physical meaning of the atomic (ordinal) number of a chemical element, the numbers of the group and period to which the element belongs in the periodic system D.I. Mendeleev; patterns of changes in the properties of elements within small periods and main subgroups; the essence of ion exchange reactions;

characterize: chemical elements (from hydrogen to calcium) based on their position in the periodic table D.I. Mendeleev and the structural features of their atoms; connection between the composition, structure and properties of substances; chemical properties of the main classes of inorganic substances;

define: composition of substances according to their formulas, belonging of substances to a certain class of compounds, types of chemical reactions, valency and oxidation state of an element in compounds, type of chemical bond in compounds, the possibility of ion exchange reactions;

make up : formulas of inorganic compounds of the studied classes; diagrams of the structure of atoms of the first 20 elements of the periodic table D.I. Mendeleev; equations of chemical reactions;

address with chemical glassware and laboratory equipment;

recognize empirically: solutions of acids and alkalis, chloride, sulfate, carbonate ions;

calculate: mass fraction of a chemical element according to the formula of the compound; mass fraction of the substance in solution; amount of substance, volume or mass by amount of substance, volume or mass of reactants or reaction products;

use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life For:

safe handling of substances and materials;

environmentally conscious behavior in the environment;

assessing the impact of chemical environmental pollution on the human body;

critical assessment of information about substances used in everyday life;

preparing solutions of a given concentration.

4. Thematic planning.

Course "Inorganic chemistry" 8th grade (basic level)

№ P / P

SUBJECT

Basic Concepts

Knowledge, skills, planned results

Means of education

Forms of organization of the educational process

Homework

INTRODUCTION (6 hours)

Chemistry -

science of

substances, their properties and transformations

Chemistry, substance, properties of substances.

Know: definition of concepts - chemistry, substance, properties of substances.

Be able to:characterize the physical properties of substances

Textbook, notebook.

Glass products and

aluminum Molecular models

Lesson of learning new knowledge

Enter-

tion.

§ 1, ex.

3, 6, 10

Transformations of substances.

The role of chemistry

in life

person

Chemical phenomenon, physical phenomena, chemical reaction

Know: concept of chemical reaction

Be able to: distinguish chemical reactions from physical phenomena

Copper wire, alcohol lamp, chalk, hydrochloric acid, test tube

Combined lesson

§2,

ex. 12.

§3

Periodic table of chemical elements. Chemical element signs

Structure of P.S.: period, series, group, subgroup, signs of chemical elements

Know: signs of the first 20 chemical elements

Be able to: determine the position of a chemical element in the P.S., name chemical elements

Table "Mendeleev's periodic table of chemical elements"

Combined lesson

§4,

ex. 5

Chemical formulas. Relative atomic and molecular mass

Chemical formula, law of constancy of the composition of a substance, qualitative and quantitative composition, Ar, Mr. Atomic mass unit.

Know : determination of the chemical formula of a substance, formulation of the law of constancy of composition, pembrace and write down chemical formulas of substances.

Be able to : determine the composition of substances using a chemical formula; belonging to simple and complex substances

PSHE

Combined lesson

§5,

ex. 1, 2, 8

Mass fraction of the element in the compound

Calculate the molecular weight and mass fraction of an element in a chemical compound

Be able to: calculate the mass fraction of a chemical element in a compound

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Combined lesson

§5,

ex. 6, 7. Practical work 1-2,

p.174-181

Practical

job number 1.

Acquaintance

with laboratory

equipment. Rules for safe work in the chemical laboratory .

Practical work 1

Rules for safe work in a chemical laboratory.

Tripod,

alcohol lamp,

test tube,

chemical

glass, quantity

bah, water,

graduated cylinder, headlight

handicap

cup, candle, matches

Practical lesson

Page 174

ATOMS OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS (10 hours)

Basic information about the structure of atoms.

The structure of the atom. Nucleus (protons, neutrons), electrons.

Be able to: explain the physical meaning serial number chem. element

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Lesson of learning new knowledge

§6,

ex. 3, 5

Isotopes as varieties of chemical atoms

element

Isotopes

Know: definition of the concept – chemical element

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Combined lesson

§7,

ex. 3

Electrons. The structure of electronic shells of atoms of chemical elements

Structure of electronic shells of atoms of 20 PS elements

Be able to: explain the physical meaning of the group number, period, draw diagrams of the first 20 elements of the system

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Combined lesson

§8,

ex. 12

Periodic table of chemical elements and atomic structure

Periodic law and periodic system of chemical elements. Groups and periods of the periodic table

Know : formulation of the periodic law. Be able to: explain the patterns of changes in the properties of elements within small periods and main subgroups, characterize the chemical. elements based on their position in the PS and the structural features of their atoms.

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Combined lesson

§8, 9,

ex. 3-5

Ionic bond

The structure of molecules. Chemical bond. Ionic bond

Know: definition of concepts - chemical bond, ion, ionic bond. Be able to: determine the type of chemical bond (ionic) in a compound

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Combined lesson

§9,

ex. 2

Covalent nonpolar chemical bond

Covalent nonpolar bond

Be able to: determine the type of chemical bond (covalent nonpolar) in a compound.

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Combined lesson

§ 10,

ex. 1-5

Covalent polar chemical bond

Covalent polar bond.

Be able to: determine the type of chemical bond (polar covalent) in a compound

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Combined lesson

§ eleven,

ex. 1-4

Metal chemical bond

Concept of metal bond

Know : definition of a metallic bond, explain the properties of metals based on the type of chemical bond, find similarities and differences with covalent and ionic bonds.

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Combined lesson

§ 12, ex. 13

Generalization and systematization of knowledge on the topic “Atoms of chemical elements”

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Test No. 1.

Atoms of chemical elements

Notebook, PSHE

Lesson on verification and evaluation of educational documents

SIMPLE SUBSTANCES (7 hours)

Simple substances are metals.

Simple substances metals

Know: general physical properties of metals.

Be able to: characterize the relationship between the composition, structure and properties of metals.

Textbook, notebook

Lesson of learning new knowledge

§13

Simple substances are non-metals. Allotropy.

Elements, nonmetals, allotropy

Be able to : characterize the physical properties of nonmetals. Understand the relationship between the composition, structure and properties of non-metals.

Textbook, notebook

Combined lesson

§14

Amount of substance. Molar mass

Amount of substance, mole, molar mass.

Know: definition of the concept of “mole”, “Molar mass”

Be able to: calculate the molar mass from the formula of a compound, the mass of a substance and the number of particles from the amount of a substance.

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Combined lesson

§15

Molar volume of gases. Avogadro's law.

Molar volume

Know: determination of the molar volume of gases.

Textbook, notebook

Combined lesson

§16

Solving calculation problems.

Be able to: calculate the volume of gases by its amount of substance or number of gas molecules.

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Combined lesson

§16

Generalization of knowledge on the topic “Simple substances”

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Lesson on generalization and systematization of knowledge

Test No. 2.

Simple substances

Notebook, PSHE

Lesson on verification and evaluation of educational documents

COMPOUNDS OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS (14 hours)

Oxidation state. Binary compounds

The concept of valency and S.O. Drawing up formulas of compounds according to S.O.

Be able to: determine the valency and oxidation state in binary compounds, draw up formulas of compounds according to the oxidation state, name binary compounds

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Lesson of learning new knowledge

§17

Oxides. Volatile hydrogen compounds

The main classes of compounds are oxides, LANs

Be able to: determine whether a substance belongs to the class of oxides, name them, draw up formulas of oxides

Textbook, notebook

Combined lesson

§18

Grounds

Main classes of compounds - bases

Be able to: determine whether a substance belongs to the class of bases, name them, draw up formulas of bases

Know: qualitative reaction to the recognition of alkalis.

Combined lesson

§19

Acids

Main classes of compounds - acids

Be able to: determine whether a substance belongs to the class of acids, name them, make acid formulas Know: formulas and names of acids, qualitative reaction to recognize acids

Textbook, notebook, solubility table

Combined lesson

§20

28 29

5,6

Salts

Main classes of compounds - salts

Be able to: determine whether a substance belongs to the class of salts, name them, draw up formulas of salts

Textbook, notebook, solubility table

Combined lesson

§21

Main classes of inorganic substances

Main classes of compounds

Be able to: determine whether a substance belongs to the corresponding class of compounds, name and draw up formulas of substances.

Textbook, notebook, solubility table

Lesson on generalization and systematization of knowledge

§18-21

Crystal lattices

Crystalline and amorphous substances. Types of crystal lattices

Be able to : characterize and explain the properties of substances based on the type of chemical bond and type of crystal lattice

Textbook, notebook

Combined lesson

§22

Pure substances and mixtures

Know: methods for separating mixtures, natural mixtures: air, natural gas, oil, natural waters.

Textbook, notebook

Combined lesson

§23

Mass and volume fraction of mixture (solution) components

Mass (volume) fraction of a substance

Be able to:

Textbook, notebook

Combined lesson

§24

Solving calculation problems

Be able to: calculate the mass fraction of a substance in a solution and the volume fraction of the components of the mixture

Textbook, notebook

Lesson on consolidation of ZUN

Practical

Job № 2

Preparation of a sugar solution with a certain mass fraction of sugar in the solution.

Be able to: prepare solutions of given concentrations

Textbook, notebook

Practical lesson

p.185

Generalization of knowledge on the topic “Compounds of chemical elements”

Textbook, notebook PSHE

Lesson on generalization and systematization of knowledge

Test No. 3Compounds of chemical elements

Notebook, PSHE

Lesson on verification and evaluation of educational documents

CHANGES IN SUBSTANCES (11 hours)

Physical phenomena

Methods for separating mixtures. Purification of a substance. Filtration.

Know: Methods for separating mixtures

Textbook, notebook

Lesson of learning new knowledge

§25

Chemical reactions

Chemical reaction. Conditions and signs of chemical reactions.

Know: definition of the concept of “chemical reaction”, signs of chemical reactions, types of reactions by absorption or release of energy.

Textbook, notebook

Lesson of learning new knowledge

§26

Chemical equations

Equation and diagram of a chemical reaction. Conservation of mass of a substance during a chemical reaction

Know: definition of “chemical reaction”

Be able to: draw up equations of chemical reactions based on the conservation of the law of mass of substances

Textbook, notebook

Combined lesson

§27

Practical work No. 3Signs of chemical reactions

Be able to: identify signs of chemical reactions

Textbook, notebook

Practical lesson

Calculations using chemical equations

Calculation using chemical equations of the mass, volume or amount of one of the reaction products based on the mass of the starting substance

Be able to : calculate using chemical equations the mass, volume or amount of one of the reaction products based on the mass of the starting substance

Textbook, notebook PSHE

Combined lesson

§28

Decomposition reactions. Compound reactions.

Decomposition reactions, compound reactions

Be able to: distinguish decomposition reactions and compound reactions from other types of reactions, draw up equations for reactions of this type

Textbook, notebook

Combined lesson

§29, 30

Substitution reactions.

Substitution reactions

Be able to: distinguish substitution reactions from other types of reactions, draw up equations for reactions of this type

Know: flow conditions and be able to draw up reaction equations for the interaction of metals with solutions of acids and salts, using the activity series of metals.

Textbook, notebook

Combined lesson

§31

Exchange reactions.

Exchange reactions

Be able to: distinguish exchange reactions from other types of reactions, draw up equations for reactions of this type, determine the possibility of exchange reactions proceeding to completion.

Textbook, notebook

Combined lesson

§32

Types of chemical reactions using the properties of water as an example

Be able to: draw up equations for the reactions of decomposition, combination, substitution and exchange (hydrolysis) using the example of the interaction of water with various substances

Know: types of chemical reactions using the example of the properties of water, the concept of “hydroxides”

Textbook, notebook

§33

Generalization of knowledge on the topic “Classes of inorganic substances. Types of chemical reactions

Textbook, notebook

Lesson on generalization and systematization of knowledge

Test No. 4Changes occurring in substances

Notebook, PSHE

Lesson on verification and evaluation of educational documents

DISSOLUTION. SOLUTIONS. PROPERTIES OF ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS (20 hours)

Dissolution. Solubility of substances in water.

Solutions, dissolution process. Solubility of substances in water. Highly soluble, slightly soluble and poorly soluble substances.

Know: definition of the concept of “solutions”, conditions for the dissolution of substances in water.

Be able to: use the solubility table.

Textbook, notebook

Lesson of learning new knowledge

§34

Electrolytic dissociation

Electrolytes, non-electrolytes. Electrolytic dissociation. Strong and weak electrolytes.

Know: definition of the concepts “electrolyte”, “non-electrolyte”, “electrolytic dissociation”, “strong electrolyte”, “weak electrolyte”, understand the essence of the ED process.

Textbook, notebook

Combined lesson

§35

Basic provisions of the TED

Ions, cations, anions

Know: main provisions of the TED

Textbook, notebook

Combined lesson

§36

Ionic reaction equations

Ion exchange reactions

Be able to: draw up equations for ion exchange reactions and understand their essence. Determine the possibility of ion exchange reactions occurring.

Textbook, notebook, solubility table

Combined lesson

§37

53 54

5-6

Acids in the light of TED, their classification and properties.

Classification of acids and their chemical properties in the light of TED.

Know: classification and chemical properties of acids

Be able to: draw up reaction equations in molecular and ionic form that characterize the properties of acids

Textbook, notebook, solubility table

Combined lesson

§38

Bases in the light of TED, their classification and properties.

Classification of bases and their chemical properties in the light of TED.

Know: classification and chemical properties of bases

Be able to: draw up reaction equations in molecular and ionic form, characterizing the properties of bases

Textbook, notebook, solubility table

Combined lesson

§39

Oxides in the light of TED, their properties

Classification of oxides and their chemical properties in the light of TED.

Know: classification and chemical properties of oxides

Be able to: draw up reaction equations in molecular and ionic form that characterize the properties of oxides

Textbook, notebook, solubility table

Combined lesson

§40

Salts in the light of TED, their properties.

Classification of salts and their chemical properties in the light of TED.

Know: classification and chemical properties of salts

Be able to: draw up reaction equations in molecular and ionic form that characterize the properties of salts

Textbook, notebook, solubility table

Combined lesson

§41

58 59

10,11

Genetic relationships between the main classes of inorganic compounds.

Chemical properties of the main classes of inorganic compounds. Genetic relationships between the main classes of inorganic compounds.

Be able to: draw up equations of chemical reactions characterizing chemical properties and genetic connection main classes of inorganic compounds in molecular and ionic form

Textbook, notebook, solubility table. PSHE

Combined lesson

§42

Test No. 5Dissolution. Solutions. Properties of electrolyte solutions.

Notebook, solubility table. PSHE

Lesson on verification and evaluation of educational documents

Practical work No. 4.

Ionic reactions

Practical lesson

Practical work No. 5.

Practical lesson

Practical work No. 6.

Practical lesson

Practical work No. 7.

Practical lesson

Classification of chemical reactions. Redox reactions

Redox reactions. Oxidizing agent, reducing agent. Oxidation, reduction.

Know: definition of the concepts “oxidizing agent”, “reducing agent”, “oxidation”. "recovery"

Be able to: identify oxidizing agents and reducing agents, distinguish ORR from other types of chemical reactions, classify reactions into different types.

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Combined lesson

§43

An exercise in composing redox reactions

Be able to: identify oxidizing agents and reducing agents, distinguish ORR from other types of chemical reactions, classify reactions into different types, arrange coefficients in ORR using the electronic balance method

Combined lesson

§43

Properties of substances of the studied classes of substances in the light of ORR.

Be able to: consider the chemical properties of the main classes of inorganic compounds from the standpoint of the teaching of ORR.

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Combined lesson

Generalization of knowledge on OVR.

Textbook, notebook, PSHE

Lesson on generalization and systematization of knowledge

5 Distribution of educational material

1 quarter

9 weeks

2nd quarter

7 weeks

3rd quarter

10 weeks

4th quarter

8 weeks

Year

34 weeks

Number of hours

Chapter

1. Introduction

2. Atoms of chemical elements

3. Simple substances

4. Compounds of chemical elements

5. Changes occurring with substances

6. Solutions. Dissolution. Properties of electrolyte solutions

7. Generalization and systematization of knowledge

Test papers

"Atoms of chemical elements"

"Simple substances"

"Compounds of chemical elements"

"Changes,

occurring with substances"

"Dissolution. Solutions. Properties of electrolyte solutions"

Practical work

Introduction to laboratory equipment

nim. Rules for safe work in a chemical laboratory

Preparation of a sugar solution with a certain mass fraction of sugar in the solution

Signs of chemical reactions

Ionic reactions

Conditions for chemical reactions between electrolyte solutions to complete

Properties of acids, bases and salts

Solving experimental problems.

6. Criteria for assessing student knowledge

Verbal Response Score

Mark “5”: the answer is complete and correct based on the theories studied, the material is presented in a certain logical sequence, in literary language, the answer is independent.

Mark “4”: the answer is complete and correct based on the studied theories, the material is presented in a certain logical sequence, while two or three minor errors were made, corrected at the request of the teacher.

Mark “3”: the answer is complete, but a significant mistake was made or the answer is incomplete or incoherent.

Mark “2”: when answering, the student’s misunderstanding of the main content of the educational material is revealed or significant errors have been made that the student cannot correct with the teacher’s leading questions.

Mark "1": no response

Evaluation of tests

Mark “5”: the answer is complete and correct, a minor error is possible.

Mark “4”: the answer is incomplete or no more than two insignificant errors were made.

Mark “3”: the work is at least half completed, one significant error was made, and two or three insignificant errors were made.

Mark “2”: the work is less than half completed or contains several significant errors.

Mark “1”: work not completed

Assessment of problem solving skills

Mark “5”: there are no errors in logical reasoning and solution, the problem was solved in a rational way.

Mark “4”: there are no significant errors in logical reasoning and solution, but the problem was not solved in a rational way or no more than two insignificant errors were made.

Mark “3”: there are no significant errors in logical reasoning, but there is a significant error in mathematical calculations.

Mark “2”: there are significant errors in logical reasoning and decision.

Mark “1”: no answer to the task.

Evaluation of experimental skills

Mark “5”: the work was completed completely and correctly, correct observations and conclusions were made, the experiment was carried out according to plan, taking into account TB, organizational and labor skills were demonstrated.

Mark “4”: the work was completed correctly, the correct conclusions and observations were made, but the experiment was not completed completely or minor errors were made in working with substances.

Mark “3”: the work was completed correctly, the experiment was completed at least halfway, but a significant error was made during the experiment, in the explanation, in the design of the work, in compliance with safety rules.

Mark “2”: two or more significant errors were made during the experiment, in the explanation, in the design of the work, in compliance with safety rules when working with substances.

Mark “1”: the student does not have experimental skills, the work has not been completed.

7. Material and technical base:

Equipment: laptop, projector, screen, magnetic board, fume hood.

Electronic resources:

CD "General and inorganic chemistry". Educational collection.

CD “Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius” - M.: Education, 2001

CD "Inorganic chemistry grade 8-9". Educational collection.

CD "Tutor". Educational collection.

Visual aids:

Periodic table of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev

Electrochemical voltage series of metals

Table of solubility of salts, acids, bases.

Indicator table

8. Information and methodological support

Main literature:

Gabrielyan O.S. Chemistry course program for grades 8-11 in general education institutions. – M.: Bustard, 2009.

Chemistry. 8th grade: textbook. for general education institutions / O.S. Gabrielyan. M: “Bustard”, 2012. – 270, p. : ill.

Teacher's handbook. Chemistry. 8th grade / O.S. Gabrielyan, N.P. Voskoboynikova, A.V. Yashukova. – M.: Bustard, 2008.

Chemistry. 8th grade: tests and tests for the textbook O.S. Gabrielyan "Chemistry. 8th grade” / O.S. Gabrielyan, P.N. Berezkin, A.A. Ushakova et al. – 8th ed., stereotype. – M.: Bustard, 2010. – 158, p.

Chemistry. 8th grade: workbook for the textbook O.S. Gabrielyan "Chemistry. 8th grade” / O.S. Gabrielyan, A.V. Yashukova. – 6th ed., stereotype. – M.: Bustard, 2010. – 176 p. : ill.

Additional literature:

We study chemistry in the 8th grade: a didactic manual for the textbook by O.S. Gabrielyan "Chemistry. 8th grade” for students and teachers – 5th ed., revision and additional. – Moscow: “BLIK and K”, 2004. – 224 p.

Didactic cards-tasks in chemistry: 8th grade: for the textbook O.S. Gabrielyan Chemistry. 8th grade” / N.S. Pavlova. – M.: Publishing house “Examination”, 2004. – 159, p. (Series “Training and Methodological Kit”).

Khomchenko I.G. Solving problems in chemistry. – M.: Novaya Volna Publishing House LLC, 2005. – 256 p.

Glinka N.L. general chemistry. Publishing house "Chemistry", 1979 www . edios . ru – Eidos – center distance education

16. www . km . ru / education - educational materials and dictionaries on the website “Cyril and Methodius”

- digital library.

The manual is intended for students in grades 9-11 who want to deal with environmental issues, as well as deepen their knowledge of chemistry. Also, this manual will be useful not only for schoolchildren, but also for heads of clubs whose topics are close to this one, and chemistry teachers working in chemistry classes.
As part of the course “Chemical and physicochemical methods for analyzing environmental objects,” taught at the laboratory of ecology and biomonitoring of the Ecological and Biological Center “Krestovsky Island” in St. Petersburg, students become familiar with the basic methods of analyzing environmental objects in theory and in practice. The goal is to develop skills in working in the laboratory, broaden students' horizons and respect for nature. A career-guiding feature is the connection between analytical chemistry, ecology, biology, and medicine.
The manual contains general provisions, concepts and theories dominant in chemistry. The most important laws on which chemistry in general, and analytical chemistry in particular are based, are described, as well as the most appropriate experimental techniques for schoolchildren.
The manual contains six parts. Each part contains chapters on each of the analysis methods with a brief theoretical description focused on the analysis of environmental objects.
The manual presents 24 laboratory works with instructions for implementation.

Target audience: for teachers

The work program of the chemistry course for grade 8 is compiled on the basis of the state standard of basic general education in chemistry, an approximate program of basic general education in chemistry, as well as the chemistry course program for general education institutions (Gabrielyan O.S. Chemistry course program for grades 8-11 of general education institutions / O. S. Gabrielyan - 2nd ed., revised and supplemented - M.: Bustard, 2010), recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.

The work program in chemistry is based on the original program of G.E. Rudzitisa, F.G. Feldman for grades 8 - 9 (basic level).
The work program specifies the content of the subject topics of the educational standard, gives the distribution of teaching hours among the sections of the course and the recommended sequence of studying topics and sections of the academic subject, taking into account interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary connections, the logic of the educational process, and the age characteristics of students. The work program defines a list of demonstrations, laboratory experiments, practical exercises and calculation problems.

Target audience: for 8th grade

When developing an elective course, I chose the topic “Solving complex chemical problems" not by chance. As my short experience of working at school has shown, it is more difficult for children to understand tasks than to theoretical material. Thematic planning devotes little time to solving problems. This course really helped me teach the kids how to solve chemistry problems. The course program can be used as a supplement to the thematic plan.

The work program of the chemistry curriculum for grade 10 is compiled on the basis of an approximate federal program of basic general education in chemistry for grades 8 - 11; chemistry course programs for grades 8 - 11 of general education institutions, author O.S. Gabrielyan (2010). The program is designed for 68 hours per year (2 hours per week). The work program includes: goals and objectives of the work program, educational and methodological kit, course content, requirements for the results of mastering educational material in organic chemistry, calendar and thematic planning and information and methodological support.

The work program in chemistry is compiled on the basis of the federal component of the state educational standard of basic general education at the basic level, on the basis of an approximate program in chemistry for a primary school and on the basis of the program of the author's chemistry course for grades 8-11 by O.S. Gabrielyan (the principles of developmental and educational education are the basis of teaching and learning. The sequence of studying the material is: structure of the atom → composition of matter → properties). The work program is intended for studying chemistry in the 8th grade of a secondary school using the textbook by O.S. Gabrielyan "Chemistry. 8th grade". Bustard, 2013 The textbook complies with the federal component of the state educational standard for basic general education in chemistry and implements the author’s program of O.S. Gabrielyan.

Target audience: for 8th grade

The work program was developed on the basis of the Federal component of the state standard of general education; standard of secondary (complete) general education in chemistry and biology. The program of the elective course “Analytical Chemistry” is aimed at students in the 11th grade of secondary schools. The course is designed for 1 year, the total duration is 34 hours, of which 16 hours are devoted to practical exercises.

Target audience: for 11th grade

This working programm determines the content of chemical training of students at the Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution “Lyceum No. 2” and is compiled on the basis Fundamental core content of general education, Requirements for the results of basic general education, presented in the federal state educational standard general education and an exemplary program in chemistry. It specifies the content of subject topics, suggests the distribution of teaching hours by sections of the course, the sequence of studying topics and sections, taking into account inter- and intra-subject connections, the logic of the educational process, and the age characteristics of students.
According to the 2004 BUP, 35 hours are provided for studying chemistry in the 10th grade, and according to the Curriculum of the MBOU “Lyceum No. 2”, the same 35 hours.
The course is systematic and determined basic level education, including the study of the basics of organic chemistry in the 10th grade.
Textbook Gabrielyan O.S. "Chemistry" - 10th grade. Textbook for general education institutions. M., Ed. "Bustard", 2012

Target audience: for 10th grade

This work program determines the content of chemical training for students at the Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution “Lyceum No. 2” and is compiled on the basis of the Fundamental Core of the Content of General Education, the Requirements for the Results of Basic General Education presented in the Federal State Educational Standard of Second Generation General Education and the Model Program in Chemistry. It specifies the content of subject topics, proposes the distribution of teaching hours by sections of the course, the sequence of studying topics and sections, taking into account inter- and intra-subject connections, the logic of the educational process, and the age characteristics of students. The course is taught according to the textbook Gabrielyan O.S. "Chemistry" - 9 Class. Textbook for general education institutions. M., Ed. "Bustard", 2012 (included in FP teaching aids for the 2014-2015 academic year. year).

Target audience: for 9th grade

SAMPLE PROGRAM
BASIC GENERAL EDUCATION
ON CHEMISTRY AND

EXPLANATORY NOTE
Document status

The sample chemistry program is based on the federal component of the state standard of basic general education.

The sample program performs two main functions:
The information and methodological function allows all participants in the educational process to get an idea of the goals, content, general strategy of teaching, educating and developing students through the means of a given academic subject.
The organizational planning function involves identifying stages of training, structuring educational material, determining its quantitative and qualitative characteristics at each stage, including for the content of the intermediate certification of students.

The sample program is a guideline for compiling original educational programs and textbooks. The sample program defines the invariant (compulsory) part of the chemistry course in primary school, outside of which there remains the possibility of the author's choice of a variable component of the educational content. At the same time, the authors of chemistry curricula and textbooks can offer their own approach in terms of structuring and determining the sequence of studying educational material, as well as ways to form a system of knowledge, skills and methods of activity, development and socialization of students. Thus, the exemplary program contributes to the preservation of a unified educational space and provides ample opportunities for the implementation of various approaches to the construction of a chemistry course in a primary school.

Document structure

The sample program includes three sections: an explanatory note; main content with an approximate (in the modality “no less than”) distribution of teaching hours among sections of the course and a possible sequence of studying topics and sections; requirements for the level of training of graduates of basic school in chemistry. The sample program presents minimal content, but functionally complete content.

General characteristics of the subject

Methods of knowledge of substances and chemical phenomena. Experimental Fundamentals of Chemistry; Substance; Chemical reaction; Elementary fundamentals of inorganic chemistry; Initial ideas about organic substances; Chemistry and life. The content of these educational blocks in the author's programs can be structured by topic and detailed taking into account the author's concepts, but should be aimed at achieving the goals of chemical education.

Goals
The study of chemistry in basic school is aimed at achieving the following goals:
mastering the most important knowledge about the basic concepts and laws of chemistry, chemical symbolism;
mastering the skills to observe chemical phenomena, conduct a chemical experiment, make calculations based on chemical formulas of substances and equations of chemical reactions;
development of cognitive interests and intellectual abilities in the process of conducting a chemical experiment, independent acquisition of knowledge in accordance with emerging life needs;
nurturing an attitude towards chemistry as one of the fundamental components of natural science and an element of universal human culture;
application of acquired knowledge and skills for the safe use of substances and materials in everyday life, agriculture and production, solving practical problems in everyday life, preventing phenomena harmful to human health and the environment.
Place of the subject in the basic curriculum
For the compulsory study of the academic subject “Chemistry” at the stage of basic general education, the federal basic curriculum for educational institutions of the Russian Federation allocates 140 hours. Including 70 hours in grades VIII and IX, based on 2 teaching hours per week.

The sample program is designed for 140 teaching hours. It provides a reserve of free educational time in the amount of 14 teaching hours (or 10 for the implementation of original approaches, the use of various forms of organizing the educational process, the introduction of modern teaching methods and pedagogical technologies.

General educational abilities, skills and methods of activity
The sample program provides for the development of general educational skills and abilities in students, universal methods of activity and key competencies. In this direction, the priorities for the academic subject “Chemistry” at the level of basic general education are: the use of various methods (observations, measurements, experiments, experiments) to understand the surrounding world; conducting practical and laboratory work, simple experiments and describing their results; use of various sources of information to solve cognitive problems; compliance with the norms and rules of behavior in chemical laboratories, in the environment, as well as the rules of a healthy lifestyle.

Learning outcomes
The results of studying the “Chemistry” course are given in the section “Requirements for the level of training of graduates”, which fully complies with the standard. The requirements are aimed at the implementation of activity-based, practice-oriented and personality-oriented approaches; students' mastery of intellectual and practical activities; mastering knowledge and skills that are in demand in everyday life, allowing one to navigate the world around them, and that are significant for preserving the environment and one’s own health.

The “Be able” section includes requirements based on more complex types of activities, including creative ones: explain, characterize, define, compose, recognize empirically, calculate.

MAIN CONTENT (140 hours)
METHODS OF KNOWING SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL PHENOMENA.
EXPERIMENTAL FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY (8 hours).

Chemistry as part of natural science. Chemistry is the science of substances, their structure, properties and transformations.
Observation, description, measurement, experiment, modeling. The concept of chemical analysis and synthesis.
Rules for working in a school laboratory. Laboratory glassware and equipment. Safety regulations.
Separation of mixtures. Purification of substances. Filtration.
Weighing. Preparation of solutions. Obtaining salt crystals. Carrying out chemical reactions in solutions.
Heating devices. Carrying out chemical reactions when heated.
Methods for analyzing substances. Qualitative reactions to gaseous substances and ions in solution. Determining the nature of the environment. Indicators.
Obtaining gaseous substances.

Demonstrations
Samples of simple and complex substances.
Magnesium combustion.
Dissolving substances in various solvents.
Laboratory experiments
Familiarity with samples of simple and complex substances.
Separation of mixtures.
Chemical phenomena (calcination of copper wire; interaction of chalk with acid).
Practical lessons
Familiarization with laboratory equipment. Rules for safe work in a chemical laboratory.
Cleaning contaminated table salt.
Preparation of a solution with a given mass fraction of dissolved substance.

SUBSTANCE (25 hour).
Atoms and molecules. Chemical element. The language of chemistry. Signs of chemical elements, chemical formulas. Law of constancy of composition.
Relative atomic and molecular masses. Atomic mass unit. Amount of substance, mol. Molar mass. Molar volume.
Pure substances and mixtures of substances. Natural mixtures: air, natural gas, oil, natural waters.
Qualitative and quantitative composition of a substance. Simple substances (metals and non-metals). Complex substances (organic and inorganic). Main classes of inorganic substances.
Periodic law and periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleeva. Groups and periods of the periodic table.
The structure of the atom. Nucleus (protons, neutrons) and electrons. Isotopes. The structure of the electron shells of the atoms of the first 20 elements of the periodic system D.I. Mendeleev.
The structure of molecules. Chemical bond. Types of chemical bonds: covalent (polar and non-polar), ionic, metallic. The concept of valency and oxidation state. Drawing up formulas of compounds by valency (or oxidation state).
Substances in solid, liquid and gaseous states. Crystalline and amorphous substances. Types of crystal lattices (atomic, molecular, ionic and metallic).

Demonstrations
Chemical compounds amount of substance in 1 mole.
Model of the molar volume of gases.
Collections of oil, coal and their products.
Introduction to samples of oxides, acids, bases and salts.
Models of crystal lattices of covalent and ionic compounds.
Sublimation of iodine.
Comparison of physicochemical properties of compounds with covalent and ionic bonds.
Samples of typical metals and non-metals.
Calculation problems
Calculation of the relative molecular mass of a substance using the formula.
Calculation of the mass fraction of an element in a chemical compound.
Establishing the simplest formula of a substance based on the mass fractions of elements.

CHEMICAL REACTION (15 hours).
Chemical reaction. Equation and diagram of a chemical reaction. Conditions and signs of chemical reactions. Conservation of mass of substances during chemical reactions.
Classification of chemical reactions according to various criteria: the number and composition of the starting and resulting substances; changes in oxidation states of chemical elements; absorption or release of energy. The concept of the speed of chemical reactions. Catalysts.
Electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Electrolytic dissociation of acids, alkalis and salts in aqueous solutions. Ions. Cations and anions. Ion exchange reactions.
Redox reactions. Oxidizing agent and reducing agent.

Demonstrations
Reactions illustrating the main features of characteristic reactions
Neutralization of alkali with acid in the presence of an indicator.
Laboratory experiments
Interaction of magnesium oxide with acids.
Interaction of carbon dioxide with lime water.
Obtaining precipitates of insoluble hydroxides and studying their properties.
Practical lessons
Carrying out experiments demonstrating the genetic relationship between the main classes of inorganic compounds.
Calculation problems
Calculations using chemical equations of the mass, volume or quantity of one of the reaction products based on the mass of the original substance and the substance containing a certain proportion of impurities.

ELEMENTARY FUNDAMENTALS OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (62 hours).
Hydrogen, physical and chemical properties, production and application.
Oxygen, physical and chemical properties, production and application.
Water and its properties. Solubility of substances in water. The water cycle in nature.
Halogens. Hydrogen chloride. Hydrochloric acid and its salts.
Sulfur, physical and chemical properties, occurrence in nature. Sulfur(VI) oxide. Sulfuric acid and its salts. Oxidizing properties of concentrated sulfuric acid. Sulfurous and hydrosulphuric acids and their salts.
Ammonia. Ammonium salts. Nitrogen, physical and chemical properties, production and application. Nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen oxides (II and IV). Nitric acid and its salts. Oxidative properties of nitric acid.
Phosphorus. Phosphorus (V) oxide. Orthophosphoric acid and its salts.
Carbon, allotropic modifications, physical and chemical properties of carbon. Carbon monoxide – properties and physiological effects on the body. Carbon dioxide, carbonic acid and its salts. Carbon cycle.
Silicon. Silicon(IV) oxide. Silicic acid and silicates. Glass.
Position of metals in the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements D.I. Mendeleeva. The concept of metallurgy. Methods for obtaining metals. Alloys (steel, cast iron, duralumin, bronze). General chemical properties of metals: reactions with non-metals, acids, salts. A range of metal stresses.
Alkali and alkaline earth metals and their compounds.
Aluminum. Amphotericity of oxide and hydroxide.
Iron. Oxides, hydroxides and salts of iron (II and III).

Demonstrations

Interaction of sodium and calcium with water.
Samples of non-metals.
Allotropy of sulfur.
Obtaining hydrogen chloride and dissolving it in water.
Recognition of chlorine compounds.
Crystal lattices of diamond and graphite.
Production of ammonia.
Laboratory experiments
Acquaintance with samples of metals and alloys (working with collections).
Dissolution of iron and zinc in hydrochloric acid.
Displacement of one metal by another from a salt solution.
Acquaintance with samples of natural compounds of non-metals (chlorides, sulfides, sulfates, nitrates, carbonates, silicates).
Acquaintance with metal samples, iron ores, aluminum compounds.
Recognition of chloride, sulfate, carbonate anions and cations of ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium.
Practical lessons
Obtaining, collecting and recognizing gases (oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide).
Solving experimental problems in chemistry on the topic “Obtaining metal compounds and studying their properties.”
Solving experimental problems