In the spelling of pronouns There are several types of rules:

1) the use of not and neither in indefinite and negative pronouns;
2) continuous and separate spelling not and nor with pronouns;
3) continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling of pronouns.

Continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling of pronominal adverbs was
partially disassembled.

Let's look at each rule in more detail.

1. Use of not and neither in indefinite and negative pronouns:
The use of NOT and NI in pronouns.

A) in indefinite and negative pronouns (including pronominal
adverbs) under stress is written not, without stress - neither.

Let's give an example: none, nowhere, some, not at all, nothing, no one,
someone, several, nowhere, no need, no one.

B) in phrases, no one else (other) than; nothing else (other) than
the particle is written not, and it is written separately if the phrases include
particle like; without a particle as a pronoun no one, nothing in these
in phrases – no one else (other); nothing else (other) – written according to
general rules: without stress and without preposition - neither together.

Here's an example:
In the distance was none other than my former classmate. - No one else
could not commit; It was nothing more than simple ice cream. - Nothing
he did not do anything else.

Integrated and separate spelling of not and neither with pronouns:

A) in indefinite and negative numeral pronouns,
adjective pronouns, noun pronouns and neither
are written:
together, if there is no preposition between not and neither and the root;
Let's give an example: no one, no one, someone, several, something, none.
separately, if there is a preposition between not and neither and the root;
Let's give an example: no one, no one, no one, no need, no need.

B) in indefinite and negative pronominal adverbs not and not always
are written together, since these are immutable forms and cannot have
excuses for yourself;
Let's give an example: there is nowhere to wait for income, nowhere to live, no need to leave.

C) pay attention to the spelling of words:
for nothing, for nothing, in no way - not at all, not in any way, not in anything
it happened.

D) with other pronouns (including pronominal adverbs) when
in negation, the particle not is used, which is written with pronouns
apart.
Let's give an example: not everyone, not myself, not me, not you, not everyone, not here, not
there.

Continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling of pronouns:

A) pronouns-adjectives, pronouns-nouns and pronouns
-numerals with prepositions are written separately.
Let's give an example: behind that tree, along this lake, along that shore, on
how many euros are cheaper?

In this case, the pronoun can be removed from the phrase, and the preposition
leave or replace the pronoun with a noun, adjective,
numeral;
Let's give an example: around the corner, by the lake, by the sea, seven cents cheaper.

B) pronominal adverbs formed by merging a preposition and a case
forms of pronoun-noun, pronoun-adjective,
Numeral pronouns are written together.
Let's give an example: therefore, therefore, then, because how much.

In this case, the pronoun is a noun or the pronoun is an adjective
cannot be removed from a sentence or phrase, but the preposition cannot be left;

Let's give an example: She will solve everything without errors, so don't worry;
He wasn't there because he was in love; He sat down, then lay down.

C) combinations are always written separately:
behind this, for what, to what, to that, from this, at the same time, at all costs;

D) it is necessary to distinguish between the combination of the conjunction and with a pronominal adverb so (in this case the conjunction and can be removed from the sentence) and the introductory word so with the meaning of the conclusion, the final thought (and cannot be removed from the sentence; the introductory word can be replaced with another introductory words, for example: in this way).

Let's give an example: My father scolded me for inaction every day, and this lasted for a year (this lasted for a year).
- Firstly, he is very young, and secondly, he is not healthy.
So, one should not count on his help (Thus, one should not count on his help);

D) pronouns with the prefix some and postfixes -to, -or, -ni are written with a hyphen.

Somebody, somewhere, someone, somewhere, somehow.

Indefinite pronouns and adverbs with the suffixes -that, -or, -something and the prefix koe- are always written with a hyphen: some, something, anything, any. If there is a preposition, these words are written separately: with someone, with someone.

For negative pronouns, under stress it is written not, without stress neither: someone, some, no one, no. The particles not and neither for negative pronouns are written together in the absence of a preposition (no one) and separately in the presence of a preposition (no one).

Ex. 105. Rewrite by inserting the missing letters and opening the brackets.

Find out (some) details, (something) to report, consult with someone, (someone) to talk to, some troubles, someone’s objections, (someone) someone to make a mistake, (someone) to hope for, to agree on something, to go somewhere, to spend the night somewhere.

Ex. 106. Rewrite by inserting the missing letters and opening the brackets.

1) (N...)what didn’t touch him, he didn’t notice (n...)what. (Pushkin) 2) (N..) (on) something to rest the eyes, exhausted by the monotony of the endless picture. (Goncharov) 3) Here - do (n...) what - friends kissed. (Krylov) 4) Klim (n...) (to) no one spoke as he did to Marina. (Gorky) 5) He understood everything and (n...) did not want to interfere. (Gubanov)

If the personal 3rd person (he, she, it, they) is used in the form of indirect cases and comes after prepositions, then the pronoun is usually added n , For example: talk with n them, with n to them, with n to her; around n them, on the contrary n him, in the middle n their.

Accessions n does not occur after adverbial prepositions that control the dative case ( contrary to them, towards her, like him), after a preposition thanks to (thanks to him) and adjectives and adverbs ( Father is older her; She arrived earlier his ).

Spelling of indefinite pronouns

In indefinite pronouns the prefix some and suffixes -That , -or , someday written with a hyphen, for example: something, some, some, some; someone, anyone, anyone; some, any, any.

Note

In some spelling reference books the prefix some and suffixes -That , —or , someday traditionally called particles.

Spelling negative pronouns

In negative pronouns it is written under stress Not , and without accent - neither , For example: Not who to ask - neither who can't be met Not why worry - neither what you can't find out.

If with negative and indefinite pronouns there are prepositions in indirect cases, then neither , Not , some written separately, for example: no one - not from anyone, no one - from no one, no one - no one, no one - no one; someone - with someone, with something - with something.

Combinations

It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of combinations none other than; nothing more than And no one else, nothing else . In combinations none other than; nothing but possible rearrangement of words: none other than; nothing more than , For example: It was none other than our missing Egorov. - It was none other than our missing Egorov; The whole flower nothing more than stopped leaf bud. - The whole flower - nothing more than stopped leaf bud. Combinations none other than; nothing more than play the role of particles exactly, just.

Combinations no one else, nothing else

Combinations no one else, nothing else do not allow such a rearrangement; they are used in negative sentences, where the predicate is preceded by a particle Not , For example: Nobody else couldn't afford it; Nothing else He was not interested in anything other than mathematics.

In the same way it is necessary to distinguish between combinations none other than; nothing more than and combinations no one else, nothing else, for example: All bodies are there nothing more than force of gravity (not something else). — Nothing else other than daily exercise could not help him.

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03.04

7th grade

Lesson No. 14

Topic: Spelling of indefinite and negative pronouns.

The purpose of the lesson : develop the ability to distinguish between indefinite and negative pronouns; practice spelling skills of pronouns, develop attention and memory, stimulate children's creative activity

Equipment: computer, multimedia projector, handouts (answer sheet for test work, reference materials)

Progress of the lesson

Organizing time. Introduction to the topic.

Guys, today we will go on a sea voyage through the vast expanses of the Russian language. Many secrets and mysteries lie hidden in the depths of every language. The purpose of our journey will be to find answers to the questions:

how to distinguish a negative pronoun from an indefinite one?

How to write pronouns correctly?

Updating knowledge:

Sailors often face danger while sailing, so each crew member must be confident in their abilities. Let's test our ingenuity and ability to make the right decision.

Test

1. A pronoun is an independent part of speech that

1) names objects, characteristics, quantities
2) indicates objects, signs, quantities
3) denotes objects, signs, quantities

2. Indicate the row in which the error was made:

1) pronouns-nouns: someone, with someone, to him
2) pronouns-adverbs: where, nowhere, ever
3) pronouns-adjectives: yours, you, none

3. Find the indefinite pronoun:

1) nothing
2) someone
3) yourself

4. Pronouns are written with a hyphen, if any.

1) prefix PO and suffixes OMU-EMU
2) WOULD, WHETHER, SAME
3) EITHER, EITHER

5. In this row, all words are written with a hyphen:

1) (some) where, acted (in) my own way
2) someone, any
3) someone’s, did (according to) his own plan

Result: “Go ahead, LUCK awaits you!”

“In search of treasures"

Target: repeat spellings related to the spelling of pronouns.

Vocabulary dictation (one person at the interactive whiteboard; the check is carried out by a student expert). An additional task for the expert is to indicate pronouns.

A one-legged sailor on a wooden leg, a sailor's chest, a map of some island, participate in solving a mystery, sailing on a schooner, a ship's cook, gentlemen of fortune, searching for someone's treasure, someone will explore the inaccessible rocks, adventures on land and sea , something had a pirate flag flying.

“Island of Explorers." Learning new material.

Compare!

some island

swam somewhere

met someone

saw something

met someone

no island

didn't swim anywhere

haven't met anyone

there's nothing to remember

no one met

QUESTIONS:

Find similarities and differences

How to distinguish indefinite pronouns from negative ones?

Why do some pronouns have a prefix?NOT , while othersNI ?

WhyNOTHING written together, butWith no one apart?

Watch the cartoon and formulate a rule. Finish the diagram

Memory poem

Learn this carefully:
In negative pronouns,
When the preposition is inside,
We write not one word, but three.

Emotional result of the work: “Yes, every time you become convinced that NO ONE can EVER do without KNOWLEDGE, which brings LUCK.”

Note . After the children have formulated conclusions, they are given reference materials.

Game “Catch the Pronoun”.

Find the pronouns, determine the category, explain the spelling.

Exercise. Catch the pronoun and put it in your boat.

A lonely, sad, unknown pirate wandered around the island.

Something told him: there was no need to leave the water anywhere.

There was no one and nothing to blame the pirate for: he got what he deserved

After some time, a ship appeared in the distance.

The pirate decided to hide somewhere so that no one would discover him.

Some of those who arrived on the ship had something amazing in their hands.

“Harbor of miracles."

Exercise:

explain spelling;

make sure the pronoun is written separately

there is nothing to be upset about - there is nothing to be upset about

don't ask anyone - don't ask anyone

there is no boat - there is no boat

no one to come - no one to come to

nothing to connect with - nothing to connect with

“Sea tales”

Exercise . Come up with captions for the drawings

Who should a sailor talk to? - The sailor had no one to talk to, because there was no one on the island.

On which island did Flint see his ship? - Flint did not see his ship near any island.

Where did the pirate expect help from? - The pirate had nowhere to wait for help.

Dictation with self-test.

Preliminarily explain the spelling of pronouns and not with verbs, the placement of punctuation marks. Then close the curtain. Additional task: find other pronouns.

Once upon a time there was nothing.
Nothing was good.
It walked back and forth
And didn't talk to anyone.
Didn't notice anyone
She considered herself the best.
Nothing about that
And say something
Nothing!
I. Mikhailov

How did you understand the meaning of the poem?

Additionally. R Working with the program “Russian language lessons “Cyril and Methodius” 6th grade.” Pronouns. Morphological analysis of pronouns. Slide “Spelling of negative and indefinite pronouns”

Summing up the lesson.

Our journey has come to an end. We are again in our native harbor.. What did we learn in class today?

How to distinguish a negative pronoun from an indefinite one?

What do you need to know to write pronouns correctly?

Eliminate unnecessary things:

TO, either, either, something with indefinite pronouns are written (continuously, with a hyphen)

Under stress in a pronoun it is written (NOT-NI), without stress - (NOT-NI)

If there is a preposition between SOME, NOT, NOR and the pronoun, then we write (in one word, in two words, in three words

Indefinite pronouns indicate:

undefined item: somebody, anyone, anyone, someone, no one; something, anything, anything, something, nothing;

indeterminate sign: some kind, some, any, some, some, no one;

indefinite quantity: how much, for some time, how much, some.

Words that do not name, but indicate the time of action ( once upon a time), place ( somewhere), reason ( for some reason), target ( for some reason), mode of action ( somehow) some linguists refer to adverbs (textbooks by M.T. Baranov and M.M. Razumovskaya), while others refer to pronouns (textbook by V.V. Babaytseva).

Indefinite pronouns are formed from interrogatives using:

• three suffixes -That, someday, -or: something, somebody, some kind, how much; anyone, anything, some, for some time; anyone, anything, any, how much;
• two consoles some And Not-: someone, something, some, no one, nothing, not which, no one, some.

Indefinite pronouns formed using different suffixes and prefixes have some differences in meaning:

• with suffix -That indicate an unknown object, sign: Somebody knocks Some kind of the dog barks;
• with suffixes someday And -or indicate any (no matter what) object or sign : Take it some book. Contact anyone ;
• with attachments some And Not- indicate an object or sign known to the speaker, but unknown to the interlocutor: To you someone came, but I won’t say who. I'm for you something I've prepared it, but it's a surprise. Someone slept on the sofa and left dirty paw prints.

All indefinite pronouns have one constant feature - category. Their variable morphological characteristics depend on what they indicate: an object, a feature or a quantity.

Indefinite pronouns indicating an object change only by case: Need to Wow- find out the way. TO wow- no luck. I need oh eat- to ask you.

Pronoun someone has only the nominative case form: Someone with a mustache was sitting in his father’s favorite chair.

Pronoun something has the forms of the nominative and similar accusative: Something unusual happened. I'll show you something interesting.

Indefinite pronouns indicating a subject change according to number, gender and case: You came to how them Any conclusions?; Finally accept how oh-either solution; I experienced some wow awkwardness; He was talking to someone them serious gentleman.

Indefinite pronoun some changes by case: I've been to several their places, met several them city ​​attractions, bought several O souvenirs.

Pronouns how much, for some time, how much are found only in the nominative and similar accusative cases: How many O-some people disappeared in the mountains, but how many are unknown. Give me how much O some money.

school-collection.edu.ru

3.6.2. Spelling pronouns

When spelling pronouns, several types of rules can be distinguished:

1) the use of not and neither in indefinite and negative pronouns;
2) continuous and separate spelling not and nor with pronouns;
3) continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling of pronouns.

Continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling of pronominal adverbs was partially discussed in paragraph 3.5.2. Spelling adverbs.

1. The use of not and neither in indefinite and negative pronouns:

A) in indefinite and negative pronouns (including pronominal adverbs) under stress it is written not, without stress - neither.

Wed: someone, something, some, several, nowhere, no need - no one, nothing, no one, not at all, none, nowhere.

b) in phrases, none other (other) than; nothing else (other), as the particle not is written, and is written separately if the phrases include the particle as; without a particle as a pronoun no one, nothing in these phrases - no one else (other); nothing else (other) - are written according to general rules: without stress and without preposition - neither together.

Wed: It was none other than my school friend. “No one else could do this; It was nothing more than a simple trick. “He didn’t do anything else.”

2. Continuous and separate spelling of not and nor with pronouns:

A) in indefinite and negative pronouns-nouns, pronouns-adjectives, pronouns-numerals the following is not written:

seamlessly, if there is no preposition between not and nor and the root;

Someone, something, no one, no one, none, several.

No one, no need, no one, no one, no need.

b) in indefinite and negative pronominal adverbs not and nor are always written seamlessly, since these are unchangeable forms and cannot carry prepositions;

There is nowhere to live, nowhere to wait for help, no need to cry.

c) pay attention to the spelling of words:

for nothing - for nothing, for nothing, for nothing, in any way, nothing happened(see paragraph 3.5.2. Spelling of adverbs);

G) with other pronouns (including pronominal adverbs), when negating, use the particle not, which is written with pronouns apart.

Not me, not you, not anyone, not myself, not everyone, not here, not there.

3. Continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling of pronouns:

A) noun pronouns, adjective pronouns and numeral pronouns with a preposition are written apart.

Along this field, along that bank, around that corner, how many rubles more expensive?

In this case, the pronoun can be removed from the phrase, and the preposition left, or the pronoun can be replaced with a noun, adjective, or numeral;

Wed: across the field, along the shore, around the corner, five rubles more expensive.

b) pronominal adverbs formed by merging a preposition and the case form of a pronoun-noun, pronoun-adjective, pronoun-numeral are written seamlessly.

Therefore, therefore, therefore, then, to what extent.

In this case, the pronoun-noun or pronoun-adjective cannot be removed from the sentence or phrase, but the preposition cannot be left;

Wed: He will do everything right, so don't worry; He was not there because he was sick; He stood up, then left.

V) always written apart combinations:

from this, at the same time, behind this, for what, to what, to that, at all costs;

G) it is necessary to distinguish between the combination of the conjunction and with a pronominal adverb (in this case the conjunction and can be removed from the sentence) and the introductory word with the meaning of the conclusion, the final thought (and cannot be removed from the sentence; the introductory word can be replaced with another introductory word, for example: Thus).

Wed: My mother nagged me for my inaction every day, and this went on for a month. (this went on for a month). – Firstly, he is too old, and secondly, he is not healthy. So, you shouldn't count on his help. (Thus, you should not count on his help);

d) pronouns with the prefix ko- and postfixes -to, -or, -ni are written with a hyphen.

Somebody, somewhere, someone, somewhere, somehow.

Exercises for the topic “3.6.2. Spelling Pronouns"

Read also other topics in section 3 “Morphology. Spelling":

SPELLING OF PRONOUNS

For 3rd person pronouns he, she, it, they in indirect cases the initial n is written if these pronouns are used after prepositions: u n him (n her, n them), k n him (n her, n them), o with him (with her, with them), with him (with her, with them), etc.

Note 1. The letter n is not added if personal pronouns are used after derivative prepositions that control the dative case (thanks to, in spite of, in spite of, according to, towards): thanks to him (her, them) There is no extension of n if the indicated pronouns follow comparative degree adjective: younger than him (her, them), closer than them.

Note 2. The feminine pronoun she in the instrumental case after the preposition can have the variant forms she and her; its form is more typical of oral speech.

For indefinite pronouns, only the prefix ne- is written, and it is always stressed: not ‘ who, not ‘ what, not ‘ cue, not ‘ which.

Note. The pronoun someone is not inflected; The pronoun something has the nominative and accusative forms.

Particles (affixes) koe- (koi- - colloquial), -that, -or, -ni for indefinite pronouns are written with a hyphen: something, some, some, some, someone, that -that, anyone, anyone, any, any. If there is a preposition between the particle ko- (koi-) and the pronoun, the entire phrase is written separately (in three words): some with someone, some with someone, some with some.

In negative pronouns, the prefix not- is written under stress, without stress - neither-: not ‘ anyone - nor anyone, not ‘ to whom - nor to whom, not ‘ than - nothing.

Note 1. The pronouns no one, nothing do not have the nominative case form.

Note 2. In the absence of a preposition, not- and neither- (as prefixes) are written together with pronouns, in the presence of a preposition not and neither are negative particles and are written with pronouns separately: not by anyone - not with anyone, nor anyone - with no one, nor whose - not with anyone, not any - not about any.

Note 3. The spellings of the combination differ: none other (other), like - nothing else (other), like no one else (other) - nothing else (other). The combinations are no one else (other), as well as nothing else (other), as they express opposition, and not in this case is a negative particle and is written separately with the pronoun: A fairy tale in folklore is nothing more than a story about a fictitious event; Standing in front of me was none other than the owner of the dacha himself. Such combinations are used in an affirmative sentence, that is, it is impossible to put a second negation in them without changing the meaning. The conjunction is synonymous with the conjunction a, which clearly expresses adversative relations; Wed: Standing in front of me was none other than the owner of the dacha himself. The combinations no one else (other) and nothing else (else) do not express opposition and are used in sentences where there is a negation of the predicate; in this case, it acts as a word-forming prefix and is written together: This task could not be completed by anyone else; Nothing other than irresponsibility can explain such an act (there is a second denial). When used in affirmative sentences without negation at the predicate, the constructions in question are of an adjunctive nature, and the unrepresented second negation is easily restored; cf: Such an act can be explained by irresponsibility, and nothing else (it cannot be explained). As a rule, the phrases under consideration differ according to a formal feature - the conjunction: it is written not (always separately) if the conjunction a is used, it is written neither (jointly or separately) if the conjunction and is followed. The combinations no one else (other) and nothing else (other) are also used in comparative rotation with the union as - like no one else or in a truncated form - like no one: Levitan, like no one else (else), was able to convey with sad force the immeasurable distances of Russian bad weather . “Levitan, like no one else, was able to convey with sad power the immeasurable expanse of Russian bad weather.

No rule with indefinite pronouns

MORPHOLOGY

PRONOUN

§41 Indefinite pronouns. Not in indefinite pronouns

1. Read the poem. Guess who this poem is talking about. Why are different assumptions possible?

2. Write down words indicating the heroes of the poem without naming them.

Someone was wandering along the road

In his shabby coat.

God knows where he was going.

Someone was stomping next to him.

Someone else was also skipping.

Without knowing grief and care.

We barely made it to the avenue.

Someone followed them.

Someone also went with friends.

But this, brothers, is between us!

Moreover, I will tell you honestly:

I don't know what their names were.

At least there are no doubts.

That they were called somehow.

3. Using the materials from the diagram on page 154, determine the category of pronouns.

1. Read theoretical material about indefinite pronouns. How many rules for spelling indefinite pronouns does it contain? Be prepared to state each rule separately.

Indefinite pronouns indicate indefinite persons, objects, their characteristics and quantity: someone, some, anything, some, about something, several.

Indefinite pronouns with particles -to, -or, -something, something - are written with a hyphen: someone, someone's, something, something.

If there is a preposition between the particle koe - and the pronoun, it must be written in three words: about something, with something, from someone.

The prefix is ​​not always under stress and is written together with indefinite pronouns: someone, something, several.

2. The grammatical features of indefinite pronouns coincide with the grammatical features of interrogative and relative pronouns. Using the material on interrogative pronouns (see exercise 369), talk about the grammatical features of indefinite, interrogative and relative pronouns.

1. Write down the pronouns. Underline the particles -that, -or, -something, some-, not-.

Something, about something, someone's; with someone, someone's, any; something, some, any; something, to some, to some; with someone, about something, for someone; nothing, some, several.

2. Make a word-formation analysis of the highlighted words. What kind of pronouns form indefinite pronouns?

Sample. Something what.

1. Form indefinite pronouns from interrogative pronouns using particles -to, -or, -something, something-.

Sample. To someone - to someone, to someone, to someone, to someone.

Which, what, to what, from whom, with what, about what, how much, whose.

2. Form indefinite pronouns from interrogative pronouns using the prefix non-. Read the pronouns out loud: is it possible to make a mistake when choosing a vowel in the prefix not-? Justify your opinion.

Which, how many, what, who.

3. Make four phrases with indefinite pronouns. Indicate the main word in the phrase.

Write down the phrases by inserting the missing letters and the appropriate particles -to, -or, -something, something-. Label the spellings in the roots with alternation.

What burned out; what..offer..to live; what..to assume; ..what will grow; ..what I will grow; what..s..is happening; ..what savings; touch..dream of something.. something..touch..touch; ..how he kills..he kills; what.. sends..; to lock up..what: to whom.. to find fault..to fight, what.. to get away..to tear: with what.. to press..to; ..what do you understand..mother.

1. Read the text. Give it a title. Guess or tell me, if you read the story “Newsreel,” what could have upset Vladya Anikeev so much.

2. Someday write down the text from dictation. Highlight the spellings you know. Underline the pronouns as parts of the sentence. Indicate their rank.

3. Exchange work and conduct a mutual check without relying on the printed text.

4. Re-exchange work. Check your work by referring to the printed text.

A loud bell rang. I opened the door and saw my cousin, fifth grader Vladya Anikeev. I immediately guessed that something had happened at the Authority. Something unusual. School classes for a long time

were already over, and he was with a briefcase in his hands. In addition, usually so respectable, smart, neat, he now had a completely disheveled appearance. His coat was buttoned somehow, his shirt collar was unbuttoned, his hair was tousled, and his large round glasses sat crookedly on his nose.

4. Do morphological analysis allocated pronoun.

Test your knowledge

Answer the questions. Illustrate your answer with examples.

1. Are indefinite pronouns with the particle koe always written with a hyphen?

2. Is it necessary to check the vowel in the prefix not - in indefinite pronouns?

Ask each other questions about the topic you have studied, checking the correct answers based on the materials in the paragraph. The winner is considered the one. who will ask the last question.

1. Copy the sentences by inserting the missing letters and opening the brackets. Place punctuation marks.

2. Label the spellings.

3. Underline the pronouns as parts of the sentence. Indicate their rank.

1. Valerka Zindeev competed in the athletics section and showed some (un)probable jump..to. (S. Georgiev). 2. Suddenly Seryoga felt that some kind of (incomprehensible) force was lifting his body up (S. Georgiev). 3. The telescope looked like some kind of (unknown bird with a long beak (A. Aleksin). 4. In the darkness it seemed that some kind of giant..scoe h..medium ra..lay on the sand..om b..regu (A. Aleksin) 5. They were hiding (something) about something (not) loudly.. they were fumbling and looking around all the time. 6. Ants all the time or somewhere b..gut , or from somewhere.. they rotate and always carry with them..t or some kind of leaf, or a..lobe..mill, or a pine needle (Medvedev).

NOT and NOR in negative and indefinite pronouns and adverbs

Ex. 27. Open the brackets and insert the missing letters. Explain combined or separate spelling.

(N.) when not to despair, (n.) where to go, (n.) who didn’t come, (n.) (with) whom to consult, (n.) who didn’t approach, (n.) for )why hurry, all the obstacles (n.) (on) what, (n.) hardly doubt, (n.) little worry, (n.) (from) where to call, (n.) (from) whom not depend, (n.)where not to go, (n.)no matter how much to be upset, (n.)to whom to talk, (n.)to whom not to go, (n.)what to believe in more, (n.) little to see, man (n.) (from) where, (n.) (about) what should we talk about, (n.) where to expect help.

NOT and NI are written separately in combinations of pronouns with a preposition: not from anyone - from anyone, not with anyone - with anyone, not to anyone - not to anyone, not about anyone - about anyone, not with anything - with nothing and under. In the adverbs from nowhere - from nowhere, there is no reason, not far away, not far from, for, in, in the middle, the words are not prepositions. This is easy to check: ask a question by the word, if the question contains a preposition, then it is also preserved in the answer. Compare: Who had it? — I haven’t been to anyone\ Who can I meet? - No one to meet. But: Why see each other? - No need. Where did you come from? - Out of nowhere. So, in negative and indefinite adverbs NOT and NI are written together. To be safe, you can remember the most common adverbs: there is no need, there is no place, not far away, not far away.

Ex. 28. Open the brackets and insert the missing letters. Explain combined or separate spelling.

When and at what time he entered the department and who identified him, this (n.) who (n.) (for) what could not be remembered. How many (n.) Directors and all sorts of bosses changed, he was always seen in the same (same) place in the same (same) position. in the same (same) position, the same (same) (n.) treasonable official for writing. department (n. indicated to him (n.) what kind of respect. The guards (n.) only (n.) got up from their places when he passed, but even (n.) how much and (n.) looked at him, ( as if a simple fly had flown through the reception area. Not at all (n.) A significant assistant to the chief clerk directly shoved papers under his nose, (n.) even saying: “Rewrite it,” or “Here’s an interesting little matter,” or something) pleasant, as is used in well-bred services. And he took it, looking only at the paper, (n.) looking (n.) who gave it to him, (n.) whether he had the right to do so. Who (n.) etc. was in In such a situation, he (n.) is able to imagine all the humiliation of such an existence. The young officials laughed at him as much as their clerical wit was enough. But (n.) Akaki Akakievich answered this with one word (n.), (as if) would) (n.) whom and (n.) was in front of him; this (n.) had (n.) the slightest influence on his affairs: among all these worries, he (n.) made (n.) one mistake in the letter. Only if it's too late. The joke was too much to bear, he said: “Left.” why are you hurting me?" Well, how was it (n.) they’ll laugh. hover over him! However, in essence, it was completely (n. Interesting, but rather, on the contrary. But no matter how (n.) the young officials tried, they (n.) managed to throw him off balance.

Integrated, separate, hyphenated writing layer

This common topic combines two specific ones: spelling complex nouns and adjectives (question: together or hyphenated) and spelling adverbs (combined, separately, hyphenated).

Spelling difficult words

Let's start, as usual, with the simplest rules: complex words with the first part are always written together - half-moon, half-truth, half-length.

Words with half are written with a hyphen if the second part begins with L, a vowel, a capital (capital) letter, in other cases - together: half a lemon, half a watermelon, half a Russia, but: half a class, half a jar, etc. . Remember: words with half a teaspoon are never written separately, except for colloquial combinations half a teaspoon, in which there is an agreed upon definition.

For compound nouns and adjectives, the main spelling problem is fused or hyphenated. One general rule: adjectives formed from compound nouns retain the fused or hyphenated spelling characteristic of their producing words: south-west (south-west), letopisny (chronicle).

Nouns with the initial part vice-, chief-, non-commissioned-, ex-, life-, headquarters (s)-: ex-prime minister, vice-chancellor. Don't confuse them with in simple words with foreign language prefixes: trans-, arch-, hyper-, counter- (in the meaning of the opposite / 'trans-Siberian, counterattack. (But: rear admiral with a different meaning counter-). 2.

Adjectives with the initial part military-, mass-, national-, scientific- and some terms: military-field, research, people's liberation. 3.

Names of political parties, cardinal directions, shades of color, taste and quality: social democrats, liberal democratic, northeast, blue-green, blue-black, bright blue, bitter-salty. 4.

Nouns (without a connecting vowel) and adjectives, between the parts of which the conjunction I can be placed: sofa-bed, cafe-cond and Terskaya, Anglo-Russian (‘English and Russian), cardiovascular (heart and vascular).

Nouns with a connecting vowel O, E, I (the first part is a verb), nouns created by merging words (stems), compound words: locomotive, stud farm, ovule, crazy, medical academy, daredevil. Excl. Tumbleweed. 2.

Nouns with the first part avia-, auto-, aero-, bio-, bicycle-, video-, hydro-, cinema-, meteo-, radio-, photo-, etc. (air ticket office, biosphere, video clip) and adjectives with the first (unstressed) part

high, shallow, low, deep, wide, narrow, many, small, sharp, weak, upper, lower, thin, pure, higher, lower and

etc., often of a terminological nature: high-precision (methods), High German (dialect), pure wool (material). 3. Adjectives formed from subordinating combinations (main + dependent word): ancient Russian (Ancient Rus'), nationwide (common for the people).

I You can make a mistake here

Words in which the first part is an adverb in -yushche or -ski are never written with a hyphen. defiantly menacing appearance, childishly naive smile, encyclopedic educated person.

As a rule, adjectives are written with a hyphen, the first part of which ends in -iko: critical-bibliographical, jonomic-statistical.

The rule for hyphenating adverbs is perhaps the only clear rule in this topic, which is why it must be remembered well. So, adverbs 1 are written with a hyphen.

With the prefix po- and the suffixes -mu (-emu), -ski (-tski), -i: in my opinion, in the wolf way, in the Tatar way. Except: one at a time. 2.

With the prefix v- (vo-), formed from ordinal numbers: firstly, thirdly, hundredths. 3.

With -that, -or, -something, something: someone, something, some. 4.

Formed by repetition of synonyms or words with the same root: more or less, barely, topsy-turvy. Excl. nothing at all (albeit just) and combinations such as pillar by pillar, fool by fool, honor by honor, in which one of the repeated words is in the instrumental case.

As for the fused or separate writing adverbs, there are no hard and clear rules here, there are only spelling trends that unite more or less extensive groups of words. Explaining them is a thankless task, because you can always give counterexamples—numerous exceptions. Well, let’s say, usually adverbs with the prefix v-, ending in -KU, are written together: stretched, after, skipping, mixed up, etc. However, the adverbs mockery, wonder, installment, tight and some others are written separately. Adverbs formed by the combination are usually written together preposition-prefixes with a complete adjective such as scattered (throw), hard-boiled (cook), dark (play), blindly (wander). However, if the adjective begins with a vowel, then the preposition in is written separately: to act openly, in general (introductory word).

What can help you even a little? Perhaps the understanding that an adverb is a category that is formed as a result of the transition of other parts of speech into it. Naturally, in this case, their meaning and syntactic function in the sentence change: he spoke reluctantly (“reluctantly”, the semantic connection with the gerund of the verb “want” is almost lost) - you cannot go to university without passionately wanting this (gerund, one can say if don’t want, don’t want)\ to lose outright - entered into a clean room.

Some useful tips 1.

See if the separately written word makes sense: on the sly, too much, at exorbitant prices, completely, backhand, etc. Despite the simplicity of this technique, it often works, because there are no words * swing, * tlo, * tishka (or quiet), * three roads, and chur is preserved only in the phraseological unit chur me! If in an adverbial combination one of the words (usually a noun) retains living syntactic connections or case forms, it is written separately: in mockery, at home, beyond the power, for memory, to no avail, and under. 2.

We mentioned the difference in the syntactic function of adverbs and similar word combinations. Adverbs usually refer to a verb (or another adverb) and answer the question how? They do not have explanatory words with them. On the other hand, you can insert a qualifying adjective inside combinations of nouns with a preposition. Compare the following pairs on this basis:

Go hand-to-hand - in hand-to-hand combat Flash in the distance - in the blue distance Rise up - fly into the heavenly heights The results are obvious - a strand of hair fell on (my) face Wear a coat saddled - wrap yourself in a silk cape Get completely offended - go to the end of the alley

Never forget a friend - in the age of technology Climb up - to the top of the pole Clothes to fit - in the heyday

Lean to one side - turn on your side (on your right side)

Ex. 29. Open the brackets. Explain the spelling of difficult words.

(Brown) yellow, (sports) camp, (Middle) Eastern, (military) transport, (vice) consul, (car) restaurant, (car) locomotive, (vert) tail, (above) named person, (state )apparatus, (electric) lamp, (half) Kiev, (South) Ural, (North) Western, (ancient) Russian, (semi) whisper, (mountain) ski, (Old) Testament, (house) museum, (hold) face, (blue) blue, (blue) eyes, (rocket) launcher, (theoretically) important, (video) production, (rip) head, (primitive) communal, (social) revolutionary, (dark) eyebrow, (dark) chestnut, (mind) devoid, (childish) cheerful, (chemical) pharmaceutical, (chemically) pure, (black) currant, (half) step, (four) gram, (semi) true, ( s (leg) knocking, (pseudo) teaching, (labor) day, (mechanical) design, (television) viewer, (general) people, (video) clip, (hyper) inflation, (general) governor , (high) calorie, (half) cake, (West) Siberian rivers.

Ex. 30. Open the brackets. Explain continuous, separate or hyphenated spelling. In difficult cases, use a spelling dictionary.

Remember (for) a century, (for) centuries, (for) eternity, (for) forever, preserve (until) now, (to) now, smash (to) smithereens, ask (in) Russian, speak (in) Russians, run (in) loose, (es) still managed, sleep (in) eyes, prepare (in) the future, pay off (one by) one, (one by) two, act (in) alone, divide (into) two, (in) three, (in) two more, (in) second, (in) in general, (in, in) in general, (in) openly deceive, (in) force of habit, (in) quietly, (in) seven more, (in) seven, afraid (to) death, (for) forever, (for) century, (for) eternity, (strongly) firmly, (in) the end tired, (in) the end, (on) end, (by) hearsay, (by) little, (by) autumn, (by) turn, (by) one’s own, (by) right, (by) running, (by) merchant, exactly (in) exactly, (by )involuntarily, lower (from) the top, act (like) a gentleman, (badly) poorly, (in) the old fashioned way, (according to) an ancient legend, (by) stupidity, (by) five, think (in) one’s own way, (on) rare smart, (only) just, (by) special order, (dark) dark, (as) as if, to live (in) the American way, (to) backtrack, (in) an instant to disappear, (business) business, (in) my opinion In my opinion, (at) the top of the mountain, (along) with the others, howling (like) a wolf, he acted (in) alone.

Ex. 31. Open the brackets and insert the missing letters.

(Vegetable) storage, (by) pike order, (historical) biographical, (city) administration, (ancient) Greek, (heroic) strong, (a little) think, speak (in) drawl, department for ( seriously ill, prepare (in) a use, (king) maiden, (from) the eye (on) the eye, a remedy for (from) the eye, goes (in) the distance, (dark) haired, fill (to) refusal, divide ( flat, raise your head (to) the top, attach a flag (to) the top of the tent, fall (on) your back. (forty) bucket vat, reschedule the meeting (to) tomorrow, (to) tomorrow there will be a fight, hit (on) backhand. (photo)element, (sex)hard-boiled egg, (north)west, (worker)peasant, (stone. o)coal, behave (according to)cold guardianship, (with)eye (to)eye, (kindly) )(healthy), (rear) admiral, (Mediterranean) naval, to be (on) alert, (difficult) to write. oh sentence, (c) seven more.

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