The art of persuasion: how Russian diplomacy was created. Russian diplomats celebrate their professional holiday

On February 10, Russia celebrates Diplomat's Day. This holiday was established by Russian Presidential Decree No. 1279 of October 31, 2002 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the Russian Foreign Ministry. On this day, the most famous representatives of the diplomatic service who defended the interests of Russia are remembered.

Ivan Mikhailovich Viskovaty was born in the first half of the 16th century. The first clerk of the Ambassadorial Prikaz created by Ivan IV (the Terrible) (1549-1570), from the foundation of which the Russian diplomatic service traces its history. He played a prominent role in Russian foreign policy and was one of the supporters of the Livonian War of 1558-1583. In 1562, he achieved the conclusion of an alliance treaty with Denmark and an agreement on a twenty-year truce with Sweden on terms favorable to Russia. Suspected by Ivan IV of participating in a boyar conspiracy and executed on July 25, 1570 in Moscow.

Afanasy Lavrentievich Ordin-Nashchokin was born in 1605 in Pskov. In 1642, he participated in the delimitation of the new Russian-Swedish border after the Stolbovsky Treaty. Having achieved the signing of the Truce of Andrusovo with Poland, which was beneficial for Russia, in 1667, he received the rank of boyar and became the head of the Ambassadorial Prikaz. In 1671, he was removed from service in the Ambassadorial Prikaz, returned to Pskov and became a monk under the name “Anthony” in the Krypetsky Monastery. He died in 1680 in Pskov.

Boris Ivanovich Kurakin was born on July 20, 1676 in Moscow. Prince. The first permanent ambassador of Russia abroad. From 1708 to 1712 he was a representative of Russia in London, Hanover and The Hague, in 1713 he participated in the Utrecht Congress as a plenipotentiary representative of Russia, and from 1716 he was ambassador to Paris. In 1722, Peter I entrusted him with the leadership of all Russian ambassadors accredited to European courts. He died on December 17, 1727 in Paris.

Andrei Ivanovich Osterman (Heinrich Johann Friedrich) was born on June 9, 1686 in the city of Bochum (Germany). Graph. Member of the Supreme Privy Council. In fact, he led the domestic and foreign policy of Russia under Anna Ioannovna. Largely thanks to the efforts of Osterman, in 1721 the Treaty of Nystadt, beneficial for Russia, was signed, according to which “eternal, true and undisturbed peace on land and water” was established between Russia and Sweden. Thanks to Osterman, in 1726 Russia concluded an alliance treaty with Austria, which retained its significance throughout the 18th century. After the palace coup of 1741, which brought Elizabeth Petrovna to the throne, he was sent into exile in Siberia in the city of Berezov, where he died on May 20, 1747.

Alexey Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin was born on May 22, 1693 in Moscow. Graph. In 1720 he was appointed resident in Denmark. In 1724, he obtained from the Danish king recognition of the imperial title of Peter I and the right of duty-free passage of Russian ships through the Sunda Strait. In 1731 he was moved as a resident to Hamburg, from 1732 - Ambassador Extraordinary to the Lower Saxony District, in 1734 he was moved as a resident to Denmark. In 1741 he was granted the title of Grand Chancellor and until 1757 he actually led Russian foreign policy. He died on April 10, 1766 in St. Petersburg.

Nikita Ivanovich Panin was born on September 18, 1718 in Danzig (now Gdansk, Poland). Graph. In 1747 he was appointed ambassador to Denmark, a few months later he was moved to Stockholm, where he stayed until 1759, signing a significant Russian-Swedish declaration in 1758. One of the closest devotees of Catherine II, he headed the College of Foreign Affairs (1763-1781). He put forward a project for the creation of the “Northern System” (a union of the northern powers - Russia, Prussia, England, Denmark, Sweden and Poland), signed the St. Petersburg Union Treaty with Prussia (1764), concluded an agreement with Denmark (1765), a trade agreement with Great Britain (1766) . He died on May 31, 1783 in St. Petersburg.

Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov was born on June 4, 1798 in Gapsala (now Haapsalu, Estonia). His Serene Highness Prince (1871), Chancellor (1867), Member of the State Council (1862), Honorary Member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1856). From 1817 in the diplomatic service, in 1856-1882 minister of foreign affairs. In 1871, he achieved the abolition of the restrictive articles of the Paris Peace Treaty of 1856. Participant in the creation of the “Union of Three Emperors”. He died on February 27, 1883 in Germany in the city of Baden-Baden.

Georgy Vasilyevich Chicherin was born on November 12, 1872 in the village of Karaul, Kirsanovsky district, Tambov province. People's Commissar (People's Commissar) for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR (since 1923 - USSR) (1918-1930). As part of the Soviet delegation, he signed the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty (1918). He headed the Soviet delegation at the Genoa Conference (1922). Signed the Treaty of Rapallo (1922). Died on July 7, 1936 in Moscow.

Alexandra Fedorovna Kollontai was born on April 1, 1872 in St. Petersburg. She had the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. She held various diplomatic posts in Norway, Mexico, and Sweden. Played an important role in ending the 1939-1940 war between Russia and Finland. In 1944, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Sweden, Kollontai took on the role of mediator in negotiations on Finland's withdrawal from the war. In 1945-1952 she held responsible work in the central office of the NKID (People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, since 1946 - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) of the USSR. She died on March 9, 1952 in Moscow.

Maxim Maksimovich Litvinov (Max Moiseevich Wallach) was born on July 4, 1876 in the city of Bialystok, Grodno province (now Poland). Since 1918, member of the NKID board, since 1920, plenipotentiary representative of the RSFSR in Estonia. From 1921 to 1930 - Deputy People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR (from 1923 - USSR). In 1930-1939 - People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR. He contributed to the establishment of diplomatic relations with the United States and the admission of the USSR to the League of Nations, in which he represented the USSR in 1934–1938. One of the authors of the concept of a “collective security system” against the threat of German aggression. In 1939 he was dismissed, in 1941-1946 he was returned to the post of Deputy People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs of the USSR. Died on December 31, 1951 in Moscow.

Andrei Andreevich Gromyko was born on July 18, 1909 in Belarus in the village of Starye Gromyki, Gomel district, Mogilev province. Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR (1957-1985). USSR Ambassador to the USA (1943-1946). Permanent Representative of the USSR to the UN and at the same time Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR (1946-1948). He headed the USSR delegation at the Dumbarton Oaks conference on the creation of the UN (1944). Signed the treaty banning nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere, outer space and under water (1963), the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons (1968), the Soviet-American agreement on the prevention of nuclear war (1973) and the treaty between the USSR and the USA on the limitation of strategic offensive weapons (1979). In 1985-1988 he worked as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Died on July 2, 1989 in Moscow.

Anatoly Fedorovich Dobrynin was born on November 16, 1919 in the Moscow region in the village of Krasnaya Gorka. Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. He served as Ambassador of the USSR to the USA for 24 years (1962-1986). He played a crucial role in resolving the Caribbean crisis and stabilizing Soviet-American relations (ending the so-called “Cold War” between the USSR and the USA). Hero of Socialist Labor, Honored Worker of the Diplomatic Service of the Russian Federation, Honorary Doctor of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry. Lives in Moscow.

The material was prepared based on information from open sources

MOSCOW, February 10. /TASS/. Employees of the central office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Russian foreign agencies celebrate their professional holiday on Saturday - Diplomatic Worker's Day. It was on February 10, 1549 that the first written mention of the Ambassadorial Order dates back to when Tsar Ivan the Terrible instructed Duma clerk Ivan Viskovaty to “conduct ambassadorial business.” Over almost 500 years, many events have happened, but the operating principle has remained unchanged: defending the interests of the Fatherland, foreign policy is a continuation of domestic policy.

“The legacy left to us obliges us to do a lot. Moreover, the situation in the world is not becoming calmer,” said Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, congratulating his colleagues.

Priorities on the world stage

Russian President Vladimir Putin, in a congratulatory message to employees and veterans of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, recalled the main priorities of the work - upholding the key role of the UN in world affairs, consolidating the international community in the fight against the threat of terrorism, strengthening the foundations of strategic stability and non-proliferation regimes of weapons of mass destruction. “The international situation is very difficult, but despite the obvious difficulties, you are doing a lot to ensure favorable foreign policy conditions for the sustainable socio-economic development of Russia, and are actively protecting the rights of Russian citizens and compatriots abroad,” he said.

“A diplomat is on duty around the clock: at any moment, something can happen in some part of the world that requires a quick and competent reaction based on a good analysis, which should also be an express analysis,” the head of the Russian Foreign Ministry noted.

One of the main problems that gives rise to others is the crisis of the Western partners’ ability to negotiate. This is confirmed by the general state of affairs in North Africa and the Middle East, especially in Syria, the situation in Ukraine and the situation with the implementation of the agreement on the Iranian nuclear program, and the deplorable state of Russian-American relations. Moscow reminds us that attempts to isolate Russia and turn it into a slave state are doomed to failure.

“We will develop our partnership and working contacts with all countries that share our approach,” Lavrov said. “We will always be open to close and honest interaction on the basis of equality, mutual respect and balance of interests.”

Relying on tradition

One of the first diplomatic voyages was a visit to Constantinople in 838, when Rus' was first presented at the court of the Byzantine emperor as an independent state. It is worth highlighting the “great embassy” of Peter the Great of 1697-1698.

The "Ambassy Prikaz" repeatedly changed its official sign - ministry, collegium, people's commissariat, and for the first time the current name appeared in September 1802, the minister was called chancellor and was the second person after the emperor. The country owes many victories to Chancellor Alexander Gorchakov, a representative of the first graduating class of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. After the Crimean War (1853-1856), he managed to bring Russia out of international isolation and returned its position as a military maritime power. Another lyceum student, Alexander Pushkin, also tried himself in the diplomatic field.

Other names are also associated with the “order” - Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin, Alexander Griboedov, Fyodor Tyutchev, People's Commissar Georgy Chicherin, Minister Andrei Gromyko.

Exactly 210 years ago, on March 13, 1807, Nikolai Petrovich Rezanov, a Russian diplomat, traveler and entrepreneur, passed away. Along with Kruzenshtern and Lisyansky, he was the leader and participant in the first Russian circumnavigation. Rezanov was also the first official ambassador of Russia to Japan and was the compiler of one of the first Russian-Japanese dictionaries. Nikolai Rezanov gained enormous fame thanks to the musical “Juno and Avos”; the first performer of the role of Rezanov in it was the famous Soviet actor Nikolai Karachentsov.

The future Russian diplomat was born in St. Petersburg on March 28, 1764 into a poor noble family. His father, Pyotr Gavrilovich Rezanov, was a collegiate adviser, and his mother, Alexandra Rezanova, was the daughter of Major General G. A. Okunev. His father was unable to gain a foothold in the capital, but was assigned to Irkutsk, then the capital of Eastern Siberia, a vast territory stretching from the Yenisei to the Pacific Ocean. Here he was offered the post of chairman of the civil chamber of the provincial court.

Not much is known about Nikolai Rezanov’s childhood. It is noted that he received a very good education at home. At the same time, Nikolai was distinguished by excellent linguistic abilities from childhood. By the age of 14, he already knew five European languages, which largely determined his future life. Then, at the age of 14, in 1778, he entered military service, first in the artillery. But quickly enough, for his dexterity, stateliness and good natural qualities, he was transferred to the Izmailovsky Life Guards Regiment. There are versions that Empress Catherine II herself could have contributed to this. In 1780, during her trip to Crimea, Nikolai Rezanov was personally responsible for her safety; at that time he was only 16 years old.

For unknown reasons, Rezanov soon left the service. Perhaps the reason was court intrigue and the Empress’s disappointment in him; one way or another, he left military service and the court. He exchanges all this for a rather boring but calm service, having become an assessor in the Pskov Chamber of Civil Court. Here he served for about 5 years, receiving a salary of 300 rubles a year, after which he was transferred to the capital to the Treasury Chamber.

After this, a sharp leap in his career followed again. Nikolai Rezanov becomes head of the chancellery of Count N. G. Chernyshov. Such career growth testifies not only to his business qualities, but also to someone’s fairly powerful support and patronage. For an ordinary official not from the nobility or from the provincial ignorant nobles, such “jumps” up the career ladder through several steps were unlikely; many of them, starting their service from the lowest 14th class in the “Table of Ranks”, could rise to the rank of collegiate assessor, which gave the right for hereditary nobility, only in old age.

After the appointment in 1791 of Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin as secretary for the report on the “Senate Memories” (documents submitted by the Senate for approval) under Catherine II, Rezanov was transferred to his service immediately as the ruler of the chancellery, this appointment opened the doors of many houses and offices in St. Petersburg to him, including the most senior nobles. Occasionally, he even has to carry out personal assignments for the Empress, and this further accelerates his career. After some time, he joins the staff of the new favorite of the Empress P. A. Zubov, who, seeing him as a competitor, under a plausible pretext, sends Rezanov from St. Petersburg to Irkutsk to inspect the activities of the company of the merchant Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov, who was also the founder of the first Russian settlements in America.

This trip turns out to be fateful for Rezanov. On January 24, 1795, he married Shelikhov’s 15-year-old daughter, Anna. The girl receives a noble title, and the groom receives a very good dowry. Six months later, Grigory Shelikhov dies, and Nikolai Rezanov becomes a co-owner of part of his capital. At the same time, the formation and development of the Russian-American company fell into the sphere of his interests.

After the death of Catherine II, Rezanov returned to St. Petersburg, and Paul I, who replaced the Empress, received him very well. In 1797, Rezanov became first secretary and then chief secretary of the Senate. She is working on drawing up the “Charter on Prices”, and also establishes a layout of land taxes in Moscow and St. Petersburg. For this work he was awarded the Order of St. Anna, II degree, and a pension of 2,000 rubles per year. Also, Emperor Paul I managed to sign a decree on the creation of a single Russian-American Company (RAC) on the basis of the company of the merchant Shelikhov and a number of other Siberian merchants. The main department of the trading parastatal company is transferred from Irkutsk to St. Petersburg, and Nikolai Rezanov was appointed an authorized correspondent (representative) of the RAC. Since then, he has been both a high-ranking civil servant and an entrepreneur at the same time. Nicholas held the post of chief secretary of the government Senate until 1799.

Monument to Rezanov in Krasnoyarsk, erected in 2007

On July 18, 1801, Rezanov’s son Peter was born, and on October 6, 1802, his daughter Olga was born. 12 days after the birth of her daughter, Anna Reazanova dies of childbirth fever, Nikolai Rezanov becomes a widower. Not wanting to let him retire, Emperor Alexander I sent Rezanov as the first Russian envoy to Japan. The embassy is expected to establish trade relations between states. Moreover, this task is initially very difficult to fulfill, since Japan has been pursuing a policy of strict isolationism for the past 150 years. Rezanov should go to Japan together with the first Russian round-the-world sea expedition. A month before setting off on the campaign, on July 10, 1803, Rezanov was awarded the title of Chamberlain of His Majesty's Court, and he was also awarded the Order of St. Anne, 1st degree. Along with Kruzenshtern, Rezanov was appointed head of the upcoming expedition.

On August 7, 1803, an expedition consisting of two ships: the Nadezhda under the command of Kruzenshtern (he had overall naval leadership of the expedition) and the Neva under the command of Lisyansky, set sail. In November, the expedition crossed the equator and celebrated Christmas off the coast of Brazil. During the expedition, Rezanov seriously quarreled with Kruzenshtern. For most of the journey, they communicated only through notes, and after one of the scandals, Rezanov locked himself in a cabin, which he did not leave until the ship arrived in Petropavlovsk. The reason for the quarrel was Rezanov’s desire to exercise overall leadership of the expedition. An official who had never been at sea before tried to direct the actions of naval officers and sailors, which did not find support from them.

In Petropavlovsk, the Governor-General of Kamchatka barely managed to reconcile Rezanov with Kruzenshtern. As a result, having taken a guard of honor for the ambassador here (2 officers, 5 soldiers and a drummer), “Nadezhda” sailed to Japan, and “Neva” to Alaska. On September 26, 1804, Rezanov's mission reached the city of Nagasaki. At the same time, the Japanese did not allow the Russian ship into the harbor, so Krusenstern dropped anchor in the bay. The ambassador was allowed to go to the Japanese shore, provided with a luxurious house to stay. True, the ambassador was forbidden to leave the house; he was told to wait for a response from the emperor on the spot. Any food was delivered to him upon request, they did not take money from him and treated him with emphatic politeness. This continued for six months until a dignitary arrived in March, bringing a response from the Emperor of Japan. The response said that he would not accept Rezanov’s embassy and did not want to trade with Russia, while the emperor returned all the gifts he had brought, demanding that Rezanov and Kruzenshtern’s ship leave Japan. Rezanov's ambassadorial mission failed.

Upon returning to Petropavlovsk, Rezanov learns that Kruzenshtern was awarded the Order of St. Anna, II degree, and he was only given a snuff box, albeit studded with diamonds. He was also released from further participation in the circumnavigation of the world; Emperor Alexander I ordered him to conduct an inspection of Russian settlements in Alaska. The chamberlain wanted to rehabilitate himself in the eyes of the emperor, so he approached the new task with great zeal. On August 26, 1805, on the merchant brig “Maria” he arrived in Novo-Arkhangelsk Bay. Here on the island of Sitkha he met the merchant A. A. Baranov, the ruler of “Russian America”.

Novo-Arkhangelsk. Artist S. W. Penn. Central Naval Museum, St. Petersburg

In Novo-Arkhangelsk, Rezanov was struck by a shortage of basic necessities, including food products, which had a negative impact on the Russian colony. Seeing that Baranov could not solve this problem, Rezanov purchased the ship “Juno” from the visiting American businessman John Wolfe. The ship was purchased along with the transported cargo of food, which was enough for the initial support of compatriots in Novo-Arkhangelsk. At the same time, there was not enough food until spring. Therefore, Nikolai Rezanov gave the order for the construction of another ship, which was called “Avos”. On February 26, 1806, he and this ship departed for the Spanish-owned port of San Francisco. His plans were to establish trade relations with the Spaniards in order to further extend the influence of Russian colonists to the lands of California.

A month later, Juno and Avos reached San Francisco Bay. Spain, which in those years was part of an alliance with Napoleonic France, was Russia's opponent in the war. However, Rezanov needed to ensure the success of the negotiations at any cost. During his six weeks in San Francisco, he managed to completely conquer the local governor of Upper California, Jose Arillaga, and also became close friends with the family of the commandant of the fortress, Jose Dario Arguello. A well-educated Russian nobleman, a civil servant, who knows many foreign languages ​​and is a holder of the Maltese Grand Cross of St. John of Jerusalem, Rezanov managed to win the heart of the daughter of the commandant of the fortress, Concepcia de Arguello (Conchita). He proposed marriage to a 15-year-old girl; Nikolai Rezanov himself was 42 years old at that time.

Based on Rezanov's reports, he did not look like a man who was losing his head in love. The ship's doctor also thought the same, and assumed diplomatic benefits and benefits in Rezanov's behavior. At the same time, witnesses noted that on Conchita’s part there could have been more calculation than real passion. Rezanov could instill in her the idea of ​​a luxurious life in Russia at the imperial court. In any case, the girl dreamed of becoming the wife of a Russian chamberlain, her parents could not dissuade her, in the end, her determination reassured them. The Spaniards decided to leave the issue of marriage behind the Roman throne, and agreed to engage Rezanov to their daughter. On June 11, 1806, “Juno” and “Avos,” loaded to the brim with food, sailed from hospitable San Francisco. They took 2,156 pounds of wheat, 560 pounds of legumes and 351 pounds of barley to Alaska. At the same time, Nikolai Petrovich promised Conchita and her parents that he would return back in two years with a marriage license, and Conchita vowed to wait for her intended groom.

What specific goals Rezanov and Conchita pursued today is almost impossible to determine. Perhaps Rezanov saw in this marriage great prospects for the RAC, the development of Alaska, as well as Spanish California by Russian colonists, or maybe it really was an ordinary love story. But the ending of this story, regardless of the desires and thoughts of its main characters, as we all know, was tragic.

The cenotaph, installed in August 2007 in Krasnoyarsk, repeats the original monument over Rezanov’s grave

In September 1806, Nikolai Petrovich left Russian America and reached Okhotsk. The autumn thaw had already begun, it was impossible to move further. However, Rezanov wanted to return to St. Petersburg as soon as possible, going on a campaign on horseback. Crossing numerous rivers, he fell into the water several times, spent the night in the snow, and caught a terrible cold. In Yakutsk, he lay unconscious and feverish for 12 days. But as soon as I woke up, I hit the road again. As a result, it all ended with him losing consciousness and falling from his horse, hitting his head hard. They could barely get him to Krasnoyarsk, where on March 1 (March 13, new style), 1807, he died and was buried in the cemetery of the Resurrection Cathedral.

It is worth noting that Conchita remained faithful to Rezanov. In 1808, having learned about Rezanov’s death from his relative, she never married anyone. For twenty years she lived with her parents, did charity work, taught Indian children to read and write, and then entered a monastery. She died in 1857, without breaking her oath to Rezanov. She was buried near San Francisco in the cemetery of the Dominican Order.

The name Rezanov came to us precisely thanks to this love story. The touching story of a Spanish girl and a Russian missionary traveler formed the basis of the poem “Maybe” by A. A. Voznesensky. Later, it became the literary basis for the famous Soviet rock opera “Juno and Avos” by composer A.L. Rybnikov, as well as a performance at the Lenkom Theater (the main roles were played by N. Karachentsov, E. Shanina). In these works, the image of Rezanov was significantly romanticized. And Karachentsov’s performance of his role only added to the character’s popularity.

Based on materials from open sources

Sovr Ros Deep is based on the 2008 foreign policy concept. Its basic principles:

General priorities:

ensuring the national interests of the country, ensuring the security of Russia, including sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity;

comprehensive protection of the rights and interests of Russian citizens and compatriots abroad;

ensuring favorable external conditions for carrying out democratic reforms and building a civil society;

influence on global processes in order to form a stable, fair and democratic world order

promoting a positive perception of the Russian Federation in the world, popularization of the Russian language and culture of the peoples of Russia in foreign countries.

Regional priorities:

CIS AND BALTIC COUNTRIES: - integration with the CIS countries in economics, science, technology, interaction in protecting external borders, military cooperation, coordination of nuclear security issues, as well as solving the problems of national minorities, peacekeeping issues, support for compatriots abroad;

EUROPE: creation of a sustainable security mechanism for the 21st century, relying on the potential and capabilities of the OSCE. Separate directions - Eastern and South-Eastern Europe; Western Europe,

USA: - partnership, establishment and support of a mutually beneficial balance of interests;

Asia-Pacific:- intensification of politics and diplomacy in the region to ensure the interests of economic development of Russia. The main partners are China, India, Japan, North Korea, South Korea.

Russian foreign policy and its diplomacy - predictable and constructive, aims to unite the world community to solve common problems, including resolving regional conflicts that threaten international stability. She based on consistency and mutually beneficial pragmatism. This policy is as transparent as possible, takes into account the legitimate interests of other states and is aimed at finding joint solutions. Russia is a reliable partner in joint efforts to build a safe world. A distinctive feature of Russian diplomacy is balance. This is due to the geopolitical position of Russia as the largest Eurasian power, which requires an optimal combination of efforts in all areas. This approach involves the development and complementarity of foreign policy activities on a bilateral and multilateral basis. The main guideline in the work of Russian diplomacy in implementing the President’s foreign policy course is the creation of favorable external conditions to ensure security and progressive socio-economic development of the country. The solution to this problem will largely be facilitated by the strengthening of multilateral principles in world politics, actively defended by Russia, on the basis of international law and the central role of the UN.

A necessary condition for the realization of Russia's national interests is the ability to independently solve internal political and social problems, regardless of the intentions and positions of other international factors. The implementation of a strategic course to promote national interests requires a change in the mechanism for implementing Russia's foreign policy and foreign economic activities: integration into regional entities, institutions and international organizations for closer interaction; cooperation with business circles; entry of competitive national manufacturers into the foreign market; free movement of citizens in the global territorial space, education in the system of international relations, solving global environmental problems. The general logic of the country’s foreign policy is reflected in the fundamental doctrinal documents of the state . From them one can judge the country’s foreign policy course, its role and place in the world political system. Such documents include the National Security Concept, the Foreign Policy Concept and the Military Doctrine. The concept of foreign policy of the Russian Federation as a whole adequately describes the modern world order, its features and global development trends. At the same time, it competently positions the Russian Federation in the system of international relations.

For objective reasons, Russia has a priority relationship with the United States of America, which for the foreseeable future will remain the most economically and technologically powerful world power. International security and the effectiveness of the efforts of the world community in the fight against new common threats depend on the situation in Russian-American relations. There are six Russian diplomatic missions in the territory, including the Russian mission to the UN.

Relations with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region (APR), which have become the locomotives of the world economy, are of strategic importance for Russia. Ties with Asia-Pacific countries are especially important for the economic growth of the eastern regions of Russia. Integration processes are gaining momentum in the Asia-Pacific region. Russia is actively strengthening ties with and other countries, participating in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, and developing partnerships with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and other regional organizations. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which includes Russia, China and the states of Central Asia, has become a factor of stability in Asia.

Russia has a wide network of missions throughout Asia, including four in each of such large states as India, China,. Maintaining ties with both the Palestinian Authority and the Palestinian National Authority, Russia is making active efforts to unblock the Middle East conflict and is a member of the international “quartet” of mediators.
Russia’s interests are met by the restoration and expansion of ties with the countries of Africa and Latin America, which followed the period of their certain weakening in the 1990s. These ties, in particular, are important for the implementation of a number of economic tasks of the country and Russia’s participation in solving key international problems. A strong impetus to the development of relations with sub-Saharan African countries was given by the first-ever visit to this region by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin in 2006. Russia’s interaction with many African and Latin American countries is based on long traditions and similarity of foreign policy views.

Strengthening the representation of Russia and expanding its geography is dictated by the urgent needs of the country and the need to protect the interests of Russian citizens. Broad international connections create favorable conditions for the development of the country's economy and strengthening of national security.

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