Kuleshov, Pavel Nikolaevich (marshal). Walk of Fame Beginning of military service
Pavel Nikolaevich Kuleshov (December 12 (25) ( 19081225 ) - February 26) - Soviet military leader, artillery marshal, Hero of Socialist Labor.
Biography
Born in the village of Kailyk, now Uyarsky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in a peasant family.
Beginning of military service
For outstanding services to the Fatherland, Pavel Nikolaevich Kuleshov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Golden Sickle and Hammer Medal by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on February 21, 1978, he was also awarded five Orders of Lenin, four Orders of the Red Banner, Order of Suvorov II degree, Order of Kutuzov II degree, two Orders of the Patriotic War I degree, Order of the Red Star, Order “For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR” II and III degrees, many medals of the USSR, orders and medals of foreign countries. Lenin Prize laureate.
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Excerpt characterizing Kuleshov, Pavel Nikolaevich (marshal)
The French attacked the battery and, seeing Kutuzov, fired at him. With this volley, the regimental commander grabbed his leg; Several soldiers fell, and the ensign standing with the banner released it from his hands; the banner swayed and fell, lingering on the guns of neighboring soldiers.The soldiers began to shoot without a command.
- Oooh! – Kutuzov muttered with an expression of despair and looked around. “Bolkonsky,” he whispered, his voice trembling from the consciousness of his senile impotence. “Bolkonsky,” he whispered, pointing to the disorganized battalion and the enemy, “what is this?”
But before he finished these words, Prince Andrei, feeling tears of shame and anger rising in his throat, was already jumping off his horse and running to the banner.
- Guys, go ahead! – he shouted childishly.
"Here it is!" thought Prince Andrei, grabbing the flagpole and hearing with pleasure the whistle of bullets, obviously aimed specifically at him. Several soldiers fell.
- Hooray! - Prince Andrei shouted, barely holding the heavy banner in his hands, and ran forward with undoubted confidence that the entire battalion would run after him.
Indeed, he only ran a few steps alone. One soldier set off, then another, and the whole battalion shouted “Hurray!” ran forward and overtook him. The non-commissioned officer of the battalion ran up and took the banner, which was shaking from the weight in the hands of Prince Andrei, but was immediately killed. Prince Andrei again grabbed the banner and, dragging it by the pole, fled with the battalion. Ahead of him, he saw our artillerymen, some of whom fought, others abandoned their cannons and ran towards him; he also saw French infantry soldiers who grabbed artillery horses and turned the guns. Prince Andrei and his battalion were already 20 steps from the guns. He heard the incessant whistling of bullets above him, and soldiers constantly groaned and fell to the right and left of him. But he didn't look at them; he peered only at what was happening in front of him - on the battery. He clearly saw one figure of a red-haired artilleryman with a shako knocked on one side, pulling a banner on one side, while a French soldier was pulling the banner towards himself on the other side. Prince Andrey already clearly saw the confused and at the same time embittered expression on the faces of these two people, who apparently did not understand what they were doing.
"What are they doing? - thought Prince Andrei, looking at them: - why doesn’t the red-haired artilleryman run when he has no weapons? Why doesn't the Frenchman stab him? Before he can reach him, the Frenchman will remember the gun and stab him to death.”
Indeed, another Frenchman, with a gun to his advantage, ran up to the fighters, and the fate of the red-haired artilleryman, who still did not understand what awaited him and triumphantly pulled out the banner, was to be decided. But Prince Andrei did not see how it ended. It seemed to him that one of the nearby soldiers, as if swinging a strong stick, hit him in the head. It hurt a little, and most importantly, it was unpleasant, because this pain entertained him and prevented him from seeing what he was looking at.
"What is this? I'm falling? My legs are giving way,” he thought and fell on his back. He opened his eyes, hoping to see how the fight between the French and the artillerymen ended, and wanting to know whether the red-haired artilleryman was killed or not, whether the guns were taken or saved. But he didn't see anything. There was nothing above him anymore except the sky - high sky, not clear, but still immeasurably high, with gray clouds quietly creeping along it. “How quiet, calm and solemn, not at all like how I ran,” thought Prince Andrei, “not like how we ran, shouted and fought; It’s not at all like how the Frenchman and the artilleryman pulled each other’s banners with embittered and frightened faces - not at all like how the clouds crawl across this high endless sky. How come I haven’t seen this high sky before? And how happy I am that I finally recognized him. Yes! everything is empty, everything is deception, except this endless sky. There is nothing, nothing, except him. But even that is not there, there is nothing but silence, calm. And thank God!…"
On Bagration’s right flank at 9 o’clock the business had not yet begun. Not wanting to agree to Dolgorukov’s demand to start the business and wanting to deflect responsibility from himself, Prince Bagration suggested that Dolgorukov be sent to ask the commander-in-chief about this. Bagration knew that, due to the distance of almost 10 versts separating one flank from the other, if the one sent was not killed (which was very likely), and even if he found the commander-in-chief, which was very difficult, the sent one would not have time to return earlier evenings.
Bagration looked around at his retinue with his large, expressionless, sleep-deprived eyes, and Rostov’s childish face, involuntarily frozen with excitement and hope, was the first to catch his eye. He sent it.
- What if I meet His Majesty before the Commander-in-Chief, Your Excellency? - said Rostov, holding his hand to the visor.
“You can hand it over to your Majesty,” Dolgorukov said, hastily interrupting Bagration.
Having been released from the chain, Rostov managed to sleep for several hours before the morning and felt cheerful, courageous, decisive, with that elasticity of movements, confidence in his happiness and in that mood in which everything seems easy, fun and possible.
All his wishes were fulfilled that morning; a general battle was fought, he took part in it; Moreover, he was an orderly under the bravest general; Moreover, he was traveling on an errand to Kutuzov, and perhaps even to the sovereign himself. The morning was clear, the horse under him was good. His soul was joyful and happy. Having received the order, he set off his horse and galloped along the line. At first he rode along the line of Bagration’s troops, which had not yet entered into action and stood motionless; then he entered the space occupied by Uvarov’s cavalry and here he already noticed movements and signs of preparations for the case; Having passed Uvarov's cavalry, he already clearly heard the sounds of cannon and gunfire ahead of him. The shooting intensified.
In the fresh morning air there were no longer, as before, at irregular intervals, two, three shots and then one or two gun shots, and along the slopes of the mountains, in front of Pratzen, the rolls of gunfire were heard, interrupted by such frequent shots from guns that sometimes several cannon shots were no longer separated from each other, but merged into one common roar.
It was visible how the smoke of the guns seemed to run along the slopes, catching up with each other, and how the smoke of the guns swirled, blurred and merged with one another. Visible, from the shine of the bayonets between the smoke, were the moving masses of infantry and narrow strips of artillery with green boxes.
Rostov stopped his horse on a hill for a minute to examine what was happening; but no matter how hard he strained his attention, he could neither understand nor make out anything of what was happening: some people were moving there in the smoke, some canvases of troops were moving both in front and behind; but why? Who? Where? it was impossible to understand. This sight and these sounds not only did not arouse in him any dull or timid feeling, but, on the contrary, gave him energy and determination.
“Well, more, give it more!” - He turned mentally to these sounds and again began to gallop along the line, penetrating further and further into the area of the troops who had already entered into action.
“I don’t know how it will be there, but everything will be fine!” thought Rostov.
Having passed some Austrian troops, Rostov noticed that the next part of the line (it was the guard) had already entered into action.
"All the better! I’ll take a closer look,” he thought.
He drove almost along the front line. Several horsemen galloped towards him. These were our life lancers, who were returning from the attack in disordered ranks. Rostov passed them, involuntarily noticed one of them covered in blood and galloped on.
“I don’t care about this!” he thought. Before he had ridden a few hundred steps after this, to his left, across the entire length of the field, a huge mass of cavalrymen on black horses, in shiny white uniforms, appeared, trotting straight towards him. Rostov put his horse into full gallop in order to get out of the way of these cavalrymen, and he would have gotten away from them if they had kept the same gait, but they kept speeding up, so that some horses were already galloping. Rostov heard their stomping and the clanking of their weapons more and more clearly, and their horses, figures, and even faces became more visible. These were our cavalry guards, going into an attack on the French cavalry, which was moving towards them.
The cavalry guards galloped, but still holding their horses. Rostov already saw their faces and heard the command: “march, march!” uttered by an officer who unleashed his blood horse at full speed. Rostov, fearing to be crushed or lured into an attack on the French, galloped along the front as fast as his horse could, and still did not manage to get past them.
The last cavalry guard, a huge, pockmarked man, frowned angrily when he saw Rostov in front of him, with whom he would inevitably collide. This cavalry guard would certainly have knocked down Rostov and his Bedouin (Rostov himself seemed so small and weak in comparison with these huge people and horses), if he had not thought of swinging his whip into the eyes of the cavalry guard's horse. The black, heavy, five-inch horse shied away, laying down its ears; but the pockmarked cavalry guard thrust huge spurs into her sides, and the horse, waving its tail and stretching its neck, rushed even faster. As soon as the cavalry guards passed Rostov, he heard them shout: “Hurray!” and looking back he saw that their front ranks were mingling with strangers, probably French, cavalrymen in red epaulets. It was impossible to see anything further, because immediately after that, cannons began firing from somewhere, and everything was covered in smoke.
At that moment, as the cavalry guards, having passed him, disappeared into the smoke, Rostov hesitated whether to gallop after them or go where he needed to go. This was that brilliant attack of the cavalry guards, which surprised the French themselves. Rostov was scared to hear later that out of all this mass of huge handsome people, out of all these brilliant, rich young men on thousands of horses, officers and cadets who galloped past him, after the attack only eighteen people remained.
“Why should I envy, what is mine will not go away, and now, perhaps, I will see the sovereign!” thought Rostov and rode on.
Having caught up with the guards infantry, he noticed that cannonballs were flying through and around them, not so much because he heard the sound of cannonballs, but because he saw concern on the faces of the soldiers and unnatural, warlike solemnity on the faces of the officers.
Driving behind one of the lines of infantry guard regiments, he heard a voice calling him by name.
- Rostov!
- What? – he responded, not recognizing Boris.
- What is it like? hit the first line! Our regiment went on the attack! - said Boris, smiling that happy smile that happens to young people who have been on fire for the first time.
Rostov stopped.
Marshal of Artillery, Hero of Socialist Labor, Lenin Prize laureate
Born on December 12, 1908 in the village of Kailyk (now Uyarsky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory). Wife – Irina Efimovna. Sons: Yuri Pavlovich Kuleshov and Sergei Pavlovich Kuleshov.
The military and peaceful activities of Pavel Nikolaevich Kuleshov were strictly classified: nothing had previously been reported in the press about him, and only in the 1990s some publications appeared.
He was born into a peasant family. In 1929 he graduated from the Tomsk three-year artillery school and was sent to Nizhny Novgorod as the commander of a fire platoon of the battery of the 50th rifle regiment of the Red Army. Then he commanded a training platoon at the regimental school, formed a separate reserve artillery division in Novosibirsk, and was the commander of a training battery at the Tomsk Artillery School. In 1933 he was sent to study at Military Academy named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky to the Faculty of Engineering and Command.
Pavel Nikolaevich graduated from this military educational institution with excellent marks. For a little over a year he served in the Main Artillery Directorate as an inspector for military educational institutions. In 1939 he entered the Military Academy of the General Staff, which he successfully graduated after the start of the war, in September 1941. He served only for a month as an assistant to the head of a department at the General Staff, where he was involved in planning the supply of ammunition to the army in the field. The department was transferred to the rear department of the Red Army, and Kuleshov received an order to urgently form the 3rd Guards Mortar Regiment in Alabino - one of the very first Katyusha regiments.
The guards rank was assigned to these units from the moment of formation, which emphasized the special importance of rocket artillery as a new powerful weapon. This placed greater responsibility on the personnel for carrying out combat missions. Another version says that “Katyushas” were initially officially called “Guards mortars,” hence the name of the regiments that had not yet seen combat.
The strikes of the new weapons caused great material and human losses to the enemy and had a strong moral and psychological impact on him. By December 1, 1941, the active army had only 8 regiments and 42 separate divisions of guards mortars. They consisted of about 500 BM-13 and BM-8 combat vehicles. And by May 1, 1945, the Guards mortar troops consisted of 7 divisions, 11 separate brigades, 114 separate regiments, 38 separate divisions and numbered 3081 combat vehicles.
The 3rd Regiment of the GMC (Guards Mortar Units) became a training base for training command personnel for the operational groups of the GMC at the fronts. In October 1941, Pavel Kuleshov headed the GMC operational group on the North-Western Front. And when a difficult situation arose near Leningrad, the Volkhov operational group was organized, the leadership of which was entrusted to the already experienced commander Kuleshov. Rocket artillery strikes in the fall of 1941 helped the front troops stop the enemy and prevent him from reaching Lake Ladoga in order to capture the only communication route between the mainland and besieged Leningrad.
On the Volkhov Front during the Sinyavsk operation on September 2, 1942, he was seriously wounded. This is how he recalled it: “All night, the leading surgeon of the front-line hospital, later Colonel General of the medical service and academician Alexander Aleksandrovich Vishnevsky, whose name is now one of the best hospitals of the Ministry of Defense, cast a spell over my stomach. In the morning, he put down his tools and told his assistants: “Another one would have died. And this guy is a flint. The sporting background shows. Well, let him say thank you to his parents - strong Siberian hardening.”
After treatment in a front-line hospital, Pavel Kuleshov continued to command the Volkhov operational group and took part in breaking the siege of Leningrad in January 1943.
In June 1943, he was recalled from the front and appointed deputy commander of the guards mortar units. During this period, as part of operational groups of representatives of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, he traveled to the North Caucasus, Voronezh, 4th and 2nd Ukrainian fronts. Participated in Battle of Kursk, in crossing the Dnieper, in the battles on the Kerch bridgehead in Crimea. He assisted Headquarters representatives in strengthening strike forces with guards mortar units, supplied them with the necessary information on the correct use of rocket artillery and took measures to ensure the timely provision of ammunition.
In November 1943, in connection with the growth in the number and importance of rocket artillery, the positions of deputy commander of front artillery for guards mortar units were introduced - on all fronts. Kuleshov was appointed to such a position on the 1st Baltic Front. As deputy commander of the front artillery, he planned and coordinated attacks by guards mortar units with the command of armies, corps and divisions, went to troop command posts to clarify targets, and made the necessary decisions on the spot. The front at this time under the command of I.Kh. Bagramyan conducted the successful Nevelsko-Gorodok, not so successful Vitebsk (February-March 1944), outstanding Vitebsk-Orsha, Polotsk and Shauliai offensive operations (June-August 1944). In these battles, Kuleshov’s Katyushas showed their worth best side, followed by a new promotion in August 1944 - to deputy chief of staff of the artillery of the Red Army. On November 18 he became lieutenant general of artillery. He oversaw the formation of new rocket artillery units for the fronts and providing them with ammunition and equipment; was involved in the planning of strategic offensive operations in the final period of the war at the General Staff and supervised the production of artillery equipment.
After the victory over Japan, Pavel Kuleshov, as part of the program for creating more advanced rocket technology and training rocket specialists, was appointed head of the country's first rocket engineering department, which became the basis of the Academy missile forces strategic purpose named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky. He was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Artillery Sciences (1949). In April 1950 he became deputy head of this academy for scientific and educational work. Under his leadership, highly educated rocket specialists were trained for troops and military enterprises. Many scientific developments of the academy served as the basis for the creation of new technology.
In 1952, Kuleshov was entrusted with the creation of a test site in the south of the country for testing anti-aircraft missile weapons and practical training of new air defense regiments equipped with the latest anti-aircraft missiles. The training ground under the leadership of General Kuleshov made it possible to create a reliable air defense of the country.
This training ground was located near the now famous Kapustin Yar, but during Soviet times it was extremely classified. It got to the point that the responsible employees of the landfill served under pseudonyms. For example, Kuleshov himself worked under the pseudonym “Sergeev”. Military reference books about Kuleshov’s work during that period indicated that he “worked in the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense.”
However, quite soon he ended up there, being appointed in 1953 as the first head of the 4th Directorate (anti-aircraft missile technology) of the USSR Ministry of Defense, and in May 1955 - head of the 4th Main Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Defense.
In April 1957, Pavel Nikolaevich Kuleshov became deputy commander-in-chief of the country's air defense forces. In this post, he led the urgent work to create more powerful combat weapons and anti-aircraft missile systems. On February 18, 1958 he became Colonel General of Artillery.
Since 1963, Kuleshov served successively as head of the 2nd Directorate and deputy head of the 10th Main Directorate of the General Staff. He was engaged in the supply of missile technology to friendly countries of the East and Cuba, and assisted them in mastering this military equipment. In 1964–1965, he was involved in the creation of an anti-aircraft shield over the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which US aircraft tried to “bomb into the Stone Age.” But in the summer of 1965, several divisions of Soviet S-75 air defense missiles went into operation at the same time. Dozens of US aircraft were shot down, which forced the American command to stop massive raids on the territory of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
In April 1965, Pavel Nikolaevich Kuleshov was appointed head of the Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense. This department was responsible for the production of military equipment and ammunition, supplying troops, forming weapons reserves, training personnel, creating new types of missiles, cannon artillery, small arms and all kinds of ammunition. The main focus of the GRAU’s work during the 18 years of Kuleshov’s work there was the creation of new anti-aircraft missile and anti-tank weapons for Ground Forces. Now these weapons are written about in newspapers, they are shown on television, they represent the power of the country in parades. At the same time, all the work was so classified that even the name of the head of the GRAU, Kuleshov, who became an artillery marshal on October 28, 1967, was no longer mentioned. The missile shield of the Ground Forces was created and was far ahead of similar work by the armies of the “probable enemy.”
For outstanding services in strengthening the defense capability of the Motherland, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated February 21, 1978, Marshal of Artillery Pavel Nikolaevich Kuleshov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
Since June 1983, Marshal Kuleshov has been a military inspector-adviser to the Group of Inspectors General of the USSR Ministry of Defense.
In 1992, he retired and settled in Moscow. He continued research and advisory work, being since 1993 the chief specialist and leading inspector of the GRAU of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. In 1994 he became an honorary academician of the Russian Academy of Missile and Artillery Sciences.
His wife, Irina Efimovna, worked as a teacher. Son Yuri Pavlovich also became a very secretive person, the chief designer in the field of space complexes; son Sergei Pavlovich – Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, professor, chief scientific secretary of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, laureate of the Lenin Komsomol Prize.
Marshal of Artillery, Hero of Socialist Labor, Lenin Prize laureate Pavel Nikolaevich Kuleshov was awarded five Orders of Lenin, four Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of Suvorov II degree, Kutuzov II degree, two orders Patriotic War I degree, Order of the Red Star, “For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR” III degree, medals, as well as orders and medals of foreign countries, including the Order “September 9, 1944” with swords (Bulgaria).
In Moscow on the building of the Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense Russian Federation A memorial plaque was installed in honor of Marshal of Artillery P.N. Kuleshova.
In the Red Army. In 1929, P. N. Kuleshov graduated from the Tomsk Artillery School and was sent to serve in Nizhny Novgorod as commander of a fire platoon of the battery of the 50th Infantry Regiment. Since 1930, he commanded a training platoon at the regimental school, was the head of reconnaissance of a separate reserve artillery division in Novosibirsk, and from November 1931 was the commander of the training battery of the Tomsk Artillery School.
In August 1944, P. N. Kuleshov was recalled from the front for the second time and promoted to the position of deputy chief of staff of the artillery of the Red Army, where he dealt with the formation of new rocket artillery units for the fronts, providing the military personnel with ammunition and equipment, planning combat operations of artillery and military personnel during development of strategic operations in the General Staff, control of the production of artillery equipment. Lieutenant General of Artillery (November 1944).
Post-war time
After the war, in December 1945, P. N. Kuleshov was appointed head of the new rocket engineering department, which became the basis of the F. E. Dzerzhinsky Academy, then became deputy head of the Academy for scientific and educational affairs.
In 1952, P. N. Kuleshov was involved in the development of new missile and artillery weapons, worked at a test site in the Astrakhan region, and at the end of the year was appointed head of the test site. In practice, he carried out a secret task of the CPSU Central Committee and the command - to create a new test site in the south of the country for the purpose of testing anti-aircraft missile weapons and practical training of new air defense regiments equipped with the latest anti-aircraft missiles. The training ground under the leadership of General Kuleshov made it possible to create a reliable air defense of the country. Since 1953, he was the head of the 4th Main Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Defense, where he continued to develop and field test new weapons. Since April 1957, P. N. Kuleshov has been Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the country's Air Defense Forces for military-scientific work, and later for weapons. In these positions, he led the urgent work to create more powerful combat weapons and anti-aircraft missile systems.
In 1965, Colonel General P. N. Kuleshov, in a responsible job at the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces, was engaged in the supply of missile equipment to friendly countries in the Middle East and Cuba, and assisted them in mastering this military equipment. On a long business trip to Vietnam, he participated in the creation unified system air defense of the country.
Since 1965, P. N. Kuleshov has been the head of the Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Defense. For 18 years he headed this most important department, which was entrusted with many functions: production of military equipment and ammunition, supplying troops, forming weapons reserves, training personnel, creating new types of missiles, cannon artillery, small arms and all kinds of ammunition. Under his leadership, on instructions from the government, anti-aircraft missile and anti-tank weapons were created for the Ground Forces. He is rightfully recognized as an outstanding military leader and a major specialist in the field of creating anti-aircraft missiles and special ammunition. His military activities were strictly classified, and no details were reported in the press about P. N. Kuleshov.
Since 1983, Marshal of Artillery (the title was awarded in 1967) P. N. Kuleshov was in
Kuleshov had his baptism of fire at the Oryol-Kursk Bulge; this battle is well known among modern historians and does not need any special comments.
Before the war, Pavel managed to graduate from school in the city of Elektrostal; There he worked as an electrician and planned to go to college. In the end he succeeded, but at that time the war began. Very soon, instead of ordinary drivers, the school began to graduate tankers. The frequent famine of those times passed Pa
Vla Pavlovicha; food was well supplied.
After completing his training, Kuleshov went to the front. He was given a place in the Ural Voluntary Tank Corps. The Urals at that time was one of the largest forges in the country; The authorities did not want to weaken it by sending some of the workers to the front. However, by connecting
By communicating personally with Stalin, the Urals were able to obtain permission to found the building. It was formed quite quickly - there were many more volunteers than required, and the workers willingly agreed to work beyond the norm in order to supply the new unit with the most necessary things. On May 9, 1943, the corps was sent under
Moscow, to the Fourth Tank Army. Kuleshov had his baptism of fire at the Oryol-Kursk Bulge; this battle is well known among modern historians and does not need any special comments.
By the autumn of 1944 tank corps Pavla was already in enemy territory. At first, the troops marched across Poland, not paying attention to
special attention to the German forces, breaking through them. After some time, the tanks reached Lvov and entered the city. Kuleshov’s tank was knocked out, he himself was wounded; he was able to get out of the car and walk some distance before losing consciousness. As it became known later, the bullet hit the pistol
t Paul; however, the thigh was wounded quite seriously. Kuleshov was sent to a hospital in Poltava; in September an order was issued to award him the title of Hero.
After the hospital, Kuleshov was transferred to the 61st separate regiment of reserve officers; After some time, the regiment was transferred to Moscow. Paul
took advantage of the opportunity, and while it was free time, visited his parents who lived near Moscow. After living with them for several days, Kuleshov returned to the front.
His corps did not take part in the battles for Berlin; they bypassed it and began liberating Potsdam. It was there that the news of the end of the war found them. Zat
After Berlin had fallen, we set off to liquidate the uprising in Prague. The tanks had to be driven there through the mountains; The task seemed impossible to many, but the soldiers managed to do it. In Prague, the SS men and the remnants of the undead Vlasovites were already waiting for them. Eliminating them was the last military task of the cha
Kuleshov Pavel Pavlovich
(16.09.1923 - 27.06.2009)
Born on September 16, 1923 in the village of Novokunakovo (now within the city of Lukhovitsy, Moscow Region) in a working-class family. Russian. He graduated from the 10th grade of the 1st school in the city of Elektrostal, Moscow region, then worked as an electrician at the Elektrostal plant.
In the Red Army since December 1941. Participant of the Great Patriotic War. After graduating from the 2nd Gorky Tank School in June 1943, he participated in battles with the fascist invaders as part of the 224th (later 63rd Guards) Chelyabinsk Tank Brigade on the Western and 1st Ukrainian fronts. Having started the war as a tank commander on the Kursk Bulge, he fought his way to Berlin and ended the war in Prague as a tank company commander. As part of the combined regiment of Heroes of the 1st Ukrainian Front, he took part in the Victory Parade in Moscow on June 24, 1945.
P.P.’s first feat Kuleshov committed in the area of the city of Slavuta, Khmelnitsky region of Ukraine. Having destroyed the German Panther tank, he suddenly attacked an enemy convoy and immediately destroyed 20 vehicles and 30 Nazis.
In 1944 P.P. Kuleshov conducted demonstration shooting from a T-34-85 tank for command staff 1st Ukrainian Front. Shooting was carried out at two German tanks"Tiger": one tank - into the side, another - into the frontal armor, three shells for each tank. Kuleshov himself shot. The result was brilliant. For these ostentatious shootings he was awarded by the front commander Marshal Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov personalized watch. He was given a certificate for this watch: “Issued to the Guard, junior lieutenant Pavel Pavlovich Kuleshov...Deputy Supreme Commander-in-Chief Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov.” Now this watch and certificate are kept in a museum in the city of Chelyabinsk.
On July 21, 1944, Kuleshov was the first to break into the city of Lvov. For more than two days without food or communication, he was surrounded on one of the city streets, and together with his crew repelled enemy counterattacks. He crushed two German cannons with the tracks of his tank, but the tank was hit by a Tiger and caught fire. Wounded, with a machine gun in his hands, Kuleshov defended himself from enemy infantry. In this battle alone, he destroyed 20 enemy machine gunners, and during the entire period of street fighting in Lvov (July 21-22, 1944) - three firing points, 10 guns, and destroyed one enemy resistance unit in an empty residential building from behind cover. When Soviet troops entered Lvov, the wounded Kuleshov was found and picked up by soldiers from another unit in an unconscious state.
For courage and heroism shown in battles with the Nazi invaders, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 23, 1944, junior lieutenant Pavel Pavlovich Kuleshov was assigned title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
Pavel Pavlovich participant of the Victory Parade. On June 24, 1945, he walked along Red Square as part of a column of tankers.
In 1946 he graduated from the Leningrad Higher Officer School. Since 1946, senior lieutenant P.P. Kuleshov is in reserve. Served in the KGB, Ministry of Internal Affairs. Since 1962 - chief of the civil defense headquarters of the city of Slavyansk, Donetsk region.
Since 1973, Lieutenant Colonel P.P. Kuleshov - retired. Lived in the city of Alupka, Crimean region.
Major General P.P. Kuleshov is an honorary citizen of the cities of Yalta, Alupka, Lvov, Kamenets-Podolsk, Elektrostal.
He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War, I and II degrees, two Orders of the Red Star, the Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, III degree, and many medals.
Life path of Kuleshov P.P. - this is a clear example of the manifestation of the best human qualities- honor and dignity of an officer, loyalty to the oath and military duty. “The young people have been given the baton, which they must carry forward and pass on from generation to generation, enhancing the traditions of the older generation” - this is his testament to the youth.
Pavel Pavlovich will forever remain in our memory as a real hero - a brave, courageous, decisive, strong-willed, honest and deeply decent man, a true citizen and patriot of the Fatherland, who achieved Victory on the battlefields of the Great Patriotic War.
Photo 1. Hero of the Soviet Union Major P.P. Kuleshov among the cadets of the 1st company of the BVTKKU near the corner of the Hero of the Soviet Union of Guards. Lieutenant Komarov D.E. (1968).
Photo 2. Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant Colonel P.P. Kuleshov with officers of the second battalion of BVTKKU cadets on the day of the 30th anniversary of the school (September 1971).
Photo 3. Hero of the Soviet Union Colonel P.P. Kuleshov with schoolchildren from Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 23.
Photo 4. Hero of the Soviet Union, retired Major General Pavel Pavlovich Kuleshov (Crimea).
Presentation - Soviet rear during the Great Patriotic War
Presentation for a lesson on fairy tale G
Why Alexander Nevsky became a friend of the Tatar Khan and entered into an alliance with the horde