Material for passing the OGE. What you need to know about OGE in mathematics

What does the upcoming OGE have in store for us?

The OGE has not yet become an established exam; on the contrary, it is undergoing more and more changes. Constant changes worry parents, teachers and, of course, students. You need to know what to prepare for.

Changes in the OGE-2018:

Grades in subjects taken at the OGE affect the certificate.

A unified marking scale is being introduced, and the minimum threshold is also common to everyone.

KIMs are uniform for the whole country; options are now developed not in the regions, but by federal commissions.

Computer science is taken using a computer.

Changes to retakes

An oral exam in the Russian language will be introduced (in some regions)

The number of compulsory subjects, according to official data, has not changed; there are two of them – mathematics and the Russian language. It was previously planned to increase the number of mandatory tests to 6, introducing one subject every two years. Most likely this will happen soon. According to experts, this will help achieve a better level of intellectual development in schoolchildren. Since students themselves are in no hurry to choose additional disciplines to take, they will have to be made compulsory. Official information about how many exams 9th graders will take in 2018 will appear in the fall, which is causing concern among students and parents. History or a foreign language may be introduced as compulsory subjects.

Choose, give up!

If previously it was necessary to pass only two subjects to successfully complete nine grades, then in the current academic year Schoolchildren are required to additionally choose two disciplines. Officials believe that two disciplines are not enough to form their horizons, so two more are needed, chosen by the student himself. In addition, this is required for admission to educational institutions or in classes with a specialized focus. For those who plan to write the Unified State Exam, this will be a good help in preparation, a kind of “tester” for the Unified State Exam. For 2018, the list of selective disciplines is as follows:

Geography.

Biology.

Literature.

Foreign language – English, German, French, Spanish.

Social science.

Informatics.

Thus, in order to receive a certificate in 2018, you must have positive grades in all four subjects.

To be admitted to the exams, there should not be an “unsatisfactory” grade in any subject.

How does the OGE affect the grade on the certificate?

The grade for the state exam now affects the grade on the certificate. Therefore, you can either increase or decrease your score. But there is something here that can work in your favor. For example, during the school year you slacked a little in studying the subject, but you prepared well for the exam and passed it with a “5” - the certificate will be marked as “excellent” instead of “4” for the school year.

KIMs

Test materials used to be developed in each region. But starting from this year they will be the same for everyone.

CMMs do not detect any major changes in their structure. Questions with a simple choice from those offered remain, in contrast to the more serious exam - the Unified State Exam. But questions with a detailed answer, where students must show the ability to formulate a thought, are actively developed and are present in the exam in each discipline. In particular, in the Russian language exam it is necessary to write both an essay and a presentation, which causes difficulties for many students. Therefore, training such skills must be done in advance.

In the structure of KIM in the Russian language, it is planned to introduce an oral part. We are still thinking about how this can be organized: recording the answer on a voice recorder and subsequently analyzing or evaluating it on the spot by a commission.

Trial versions of CMMs from last year are posted on the FIPI website, and today you should focus on them. We need to remember about Open bank GIA tasks - 9 and actively use it.

Where to start preparing for the OGE

There is hardly a final exam more difficult than the OGE or the Unified State Exam in chemistry. This subject must be taken by future biologists, chemists, doctors, engineers and builders. Today we will talk about what you need to know in order to get high scores, and what benefits are best to use.

Books and manuals for preparation

Unified State Examination and Unified State Examination experts recommend relying on textbooks when preparing profile level. Material from a standard basic textbook for successful completion an exam is not enough. Practice shows that schoolchildren who have taken a specialized chemistry course feel quite confident during the exam. Several such textbooks have been written, but in terms of content and presentation they are approximately the same.

We recommend getting a collection of standard exam tasks - the official publication of FIPI (with a hologram) and a couple of books by other authors. They analyze tasks in detail, show ways to solve them, and provide algorithms and answers for self-control. The more options you solve, the greater your chances of passing the exam.

Repetition is the mother of learning

This is an important component of quality training. Chemistry is a complex science about matter; without knowing the basic topics of the initial course, you will not understand more complex ones. Of course, there may not be enough time to repeat the entire program, so it is better to pay more attention to precisely those issues that cause the most difficulty.

According to teachers at the Merlin Center, schoolchildren more often make mistakes in assignments related to the following topics:

mechanisms of molecular bond formation;
hydrogen bond;
patterns of chemical reactions;
physicochemical properties of solutions, electrolytic dissociation, reactions in electrolyte solutions;
the effect of solution dilution on the degree of dissociation (Ostwald's dilution law);
hydrolysis of salts;
atmospheric compounds;
main classes of compounds;
industrial production and scope.

The same standard exam tasks and tests will help you identify gaps. Doesn't work? Ask your chemistry teacher for help or sign up for prep courses.

Conduct experiments

Chemistry is a science based on real experiments with substances. Experiments will help you better understand a particular topic. To do this, it is not necessary to buy a set of reagents and laboratory supplies. There are many interesting, well-filmed videos on the Internet dedicated to chemical reactions. Don't be lazy to find them and look.

Be careful during the exam!

Most mistakes are made by children precisely because of inattention. Train yourself not to miss a single word when reading the task, pay attention to the wording and how many answers there should be.

Read the question to the end, think about its meaning. There is often a little clue hidden in the wording.
Start with easy questions where you have no doubt about the correctness of the answers, then move on to more complex tasks where you need to think.
If a question is too difficult, skip it, don't waste time, you can come back to it later.
The tasks are not related to each other, so focus only on the one you are doing at the moment.
If you have difficulty, first try to eliminate obviously incorrect answers. It’s easier to choose an option from the remaining two or three than to get confused among five or six answers.
Be sure to leave time to check your work so that you can quickly review assignments and correct any mistakes. An unfinished word or number may cost you a point.

Chemistry is a difficult subject, and it is best to prepare for the exam under the guidance of an experienced teacher; it is not recommended to count on the fact that you will cope with such an important task. Only a teacher can point out “inconspicuous” mistakes and help you fill in the gaps and explain complex material in simple, accessible language.

Cheat sheets, of course, can help you pass exams. Here are some tips for making them.

1) “Regular cheat sheet”
Take an ordinary sheet of paper on which formulas and answers to questions are written in small text. It is best to divide a sheet of paper into several parts so that each part fits freely into your pocket.
It can be quite difficult to copy from such a cheat sheet, because teachers can easily notice it. It is best to sit in the middle or at the end of the class.
2) “Invisible cheat sheet”
Take two sheets of paper. Place one sheet under the second sheet. On the top sheet, use a pen to write the required formulas and answers. You need to press harder on the handle. The top written sheet can be thrown away. Everything you wrote remains on the bottom sheet of paper; you just need to catch the best viewing angle and copy everything you wrote.
3) “On an elastic band”
The answer is written on a small piece of paper, on reverse side of which the end of a thin elastic band is attached with tape, the other end is tied to the hand. When the teacher approaches dangerously, the piece of paper is released, to which the rubber band immediately reacts and hides the cheat sheet in its sleeve.
4) "Calculator"
The necessary information is entered into an electronic notebook, similar to a calculator. In exams where a calculator is required, such a notebook does not cause much suspicion.
5) "Disk"
For a 1.44 floppy disk, you need to move the metal flap and write the necessary information on the internal disk with a pen or felt-tip pen. Then put the floppy disk back together and the cheat sheet is ready. During the exam, the floppy disk is placed on the table and, when necessary, the metal flap is moved back and the disk rotates from below. Additionally, you can stick something on the top of the floppy disk and make markings on the side, like on a ruler, so that when asked: “What is this?” , - one could confidently say: “New line”.
6) Hands free
TO mobile phone Hands free system, wired or Bluetooth, is connected. During the exam, a call is made to a partner who will dictate the answer. This method is most convenient for girls with long hair - the hair covers the earpiece.
7) “Roll”
It is a printout on toilet paper. To do this, you need to type the text in small font, then print it on thick toilet paper. The advantage of this method is that all the questions can be placed on a small piece. If the teacher notices cheating, you must quickly roll up the toilet paper, show it and ask to leave. In the toilet you can learn or repeat a question in about 5 minutes. Best place for such a cheat sheet - an inner jacket pocket or trouser pocket.
8) "Player"
The necessary information is recorded on the player. During the exam, the player turns on and using the playlist, the desired answer is found. But any player and any headphones during exams are suspicious. To copy from such a cheat sheet, you need to choose a position closer to the end of the class and next to the window. It is not recommended to sit on the last desk. You can lean on the window, hold your headphones in your hands and pretend to think.
9) "Ruler"
All the formulas and answers you need are written down on the ruler. It is advisable to disguise them with drawings or inscriptions so that a passing teacher does not light you up.
10) "Upskirt"
You will need: stockings, preferably not very dark, a pen, a piece of paper.
We write a cheat sheet on a piece of paper and put it under the stockings. During the exam, we modestly lift our skirt and look.
It is recommended to place the cheat sheet closer to the genitals, because the teacher will not dare to look under your skirt.
11) “Crib for girls”
You can write on your nails with a gel pen and then cover your nails with clear polish. It will look as if your nails are simply painted with a pretty blue color.
12) "Calculator"
We write the cheat sheet on the back of the calculator with a simple pencil. During the exam, we put the calculator on the table and calmly copy from it.
13) "Tongue"
We put a cheat sheet in the tongue of the boot. During the exam, we deliberately drop the pen and, bending over to pick it up, look at the tongue.

PURPOSE OF OGE

The purpose of the OGE is to assess the level of general education preparation in mathematics of 9th grade graduates educational organizations for the purpose of state final certification of graduates. The exam results can be used when admitting students to specialized classes in secondary schools.

STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF CONTROL AND MEASUREMENT MATERIALS

The work consists of two modules: “Algebra” and “Geometry”. Each module has two parts, corresponding to testing at basic and advanced levels.

When testing basic mathematical competence, students must demonstrate mastery of basic algorithms, knowledge and understanding of key content elements (mathematical concepts, their properties, methods of solving problems, etc.), the ability to use mathematical notation, and apply knowledge to solving mathematical problems that are not reducible to direct application algorithm, as well as apply mathematical knowledge in the simplest practical situations.

Parts 2 of the modules “Algebra” and “Geometry” are aimed at testing mastery of the material at an advanced level. Their purpose is to differentiate well-performing schoolchildren by level of training, to identify the most prepared part of graduates, who make up the potential contingent of specialized classes. These parts contain tasks of an increased level of complexity from various sections of the mathematics course. All tasks require recording solutions and answers. The tasks are arranged in order of increasing difficulty - from relatively simple to complex, requiring fluency in the material and good level mathematical culture.

The Algebra module contains 17 tasks: in part 1 - 14 tasks; in part 2 there are 3 tasks.

The "Geometry" module contains 9 tasks: in part 1 - 6 tasks; in part 2 there are 3 tasks.

There are a total of 26 tasks in the work, of which 20 tasks basic level, 4 advanced level tasks and 2 high level tasks.

ASSESSMENT SYSTEM

To evaluate the results of work performed by graduates, the overall score is used. The maximum number of points for one task in Part 1 is one point, for one task in Part 2 is two points. Maximum score for the work as a whole - 32. Of these, for the Algebra module - 20 points, for the Geometry module - 12 points.

Tasks worth 1 point are considered completed correctly if the number of the correct answer is indicated (in tasks with a choice of answers), or the correct answer is entered (in tasks with a short answer), or objects of two sets are correctly correlated and the corresponding sequence of numbers is written down (in tasks with a short answer). establishing compliance).

Tasks worth 2 points are considered completed correctly if the student chose the correct solution path, the course of his reasoning is clear from the written record of the solution, and the correct answer is received. In this case, he is given the full score corresponding to this task. If an error is made in the decision that is not of a fundamental nature and does not affect the overall correctness of the decision, then the participant is given 1 point.

Compared to the 2017 structure, the “Real Mathematics” module was excluded from the work. The tasks in this module are distributed across the Algebra and Geometry modules.

The recommended minimum result for completing the examination paper in mathematics is 8 points, scored in total for completing tasks in both modules, provided that at least 2 points of these were obtained in the Geometry module.

Conversion scales developed by specialists of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FIPI" primary points The marks on a five-point scale for conducting the OGE are of a RECOMMENDATIVE NATURE.

Used in a specific subject Russian Federation the system for converting primary OGE scores into a five-point scale is adopted by the regional ministry.

Scale for converting the total score for completing the examination work as a whole into a mark in mathematics:

Total score for the work as a whole Mark on a five-point scale
0-7 "2"
8-14 "3"
15-21 "4"
22-32 "5"

The article uses materials from the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF PEDAGOGICAL MEASUREMENTS” www.fipi.ru

Assignments. There are 26 tasks in the OGE in mathematics.

1–20 → part 1, short answer tasks. You are required to solve the problem and write down the answer in the appropriate field on the form; you do not need to provide a method for solving it. In three tasks the answer is the number of the correct option, and in the remaining seventeen - a number or sequence of numbers.

21–26 → part 2, tasks with detailed answers. Here you need not only to give an answer, but also to describe the entire course of reasoning.

Course sections. The OGE in mathematics tests knowledge of algebra and geometry for grades 7–9. Each section corresponds to a certain number of tasks with a short answer.

Algebra

Numbers and calculations (3 tasks)

Algebraic expressions (3 tasks)

Equations and inequalities (2 tasks)

Number sequences (1 task)

Functions and graphs (2 tasks)

Statistics and probability theory (3 tasks)

Geometry

Geometric shapes and their properties (1 task)

Triangle (1 task)

Polygons (1 task)

Circle and circle (1 task)

Measuring geometric quantities (2 tasks)

Time. The exam lasts 3 hours 55 minutes. To solve the easier problems from the first part, you need to allocate approximately 1.5 hours. The remaining time will be spent solving problems from the second part and recording them in detail.

What you need to know

Do calculations
Perform transformations on algebraic expressions
Solve equations, inequalities and their systems
Build and read graphs
Perform actions with geometric shapes, coordinates and vectors
Describe real situations in the language of geometry
Reason logically, provide evidence and find incorrect conclusions
Solve algebraic and geometric problems using knowledge from different sections of the course
Write down solutions in tasks with a detailed answer mathematically correctly and reasonably.

How work is evaluated

1 point → tasks 1–20

2 points → tasks 21–26

To get 2 points for the task from the second part, you must:

1. Solve the problem correctly

2. Write down the solution so that the course of your reasoning is clear to the examiners

3. Get the right answer

If the solution has inaccuracies or small errors, but is essentially correct, then you will receive 1 point.

The maximum score you can get on the OGE in mathematics is 32 points. They are translated into a rating on a five-point scale.

The number of points that corresponds to “excellent” and “good” is not known in advance. It is determined based on the results of passing the exam by all schoolchildren. Therefore, do not try to calculate the minimum passing score, but try to correctly complete the maximum number of tasks.

1. Be confident and take your time

Lots of errors in exam papers allowed due to haste or carelessness.

Sample task

You need to check all the statements, but choose the one that wrong. Very often, students find the correct statement, mark its number in the answer, and rush to move on to the next problem. As a result, they lose points at the easiest stage.

Answer: in this case, statement 1 is false.

2. Read the conditions carefully

In some problems, the condition is formulated in such a way that it is easy to get confused. Pay attention to all the nuances - if necessary, write down the condition point by point.

Sample task

The key words here are “on the first day of each subsequent week.” Moreover, the price does not decrease every day of the second week, but only once, on the first day. In addition, it is important not to make a mistake with the number of days in the week and correctly determine the moment when the price begins to decline. The correctness of the answer also depends on this.

Answer: 800 rubles, because on the eighth day the price decreased by 20% from 1000 rubles and was the same throughout the entire second week, that is, from the eighth to the fourteenth day. The twelfth day specified in the condition is included in this period.

3. Learn formulas

Using a formula, you can solve a problem much faster than using the addition or selection method.

Sample task

Instead of adding the values of the first six terms of the progression, you can find the answer using the formula:

The denominator of the progression is called attitude of its neighboring members. Do not confuse this concept with the denominator of a fraction.

Answer. According to the conditions of the problem, q=2. We substitute this value into the formula and get the answer: - 47.25.

If, when solving a problem with a detailed answer, you use a formula that is not in the school curriculum, be sure to provide proof of it as well. Otherwise, you may not receive one point.

4. Always choose the easiest and fastest solution

This is especially true for problems with short answers. The faster you solve them, the more time you will have to complete the second part of the work.

Sample task

Here you do not need to substitute values into the inequality and check its accuracy. It is enough to understand what the graph of the function from the condition looks like and compare it with the given figures.

x 2 – 6x – 27 is a parabola f(x)=ax 2 +bx+c.

a>0, so the branches of the parabola are directed upward.

With<0, значение в нуле отрицательно, поэтому вершина параболы, в которой принимается минимальное значение, тоже лежит ниже оси Ox.

If the value of the equation describing the graph of a parabola is less than zero, then we are interested in that part of the graph that is below the Ox axis. It corresponds to a certain range of x values between the roots of the trinomial, that is, a segment. Only Figure 4 meets this condition; it shows a segment with ends at points 3 and 9.

Answer: 4.

5. When solving geometric problems, always make a drawing.

This also applies to the tasks of the first part, where you do not need to write down the solution. First of all, you need a drawing to understand the conditions of the problem, write everything correctly and find the correct answer. Without a drawing, the likelihood of making a mistake increases.

Sample task

Drawing for solution

6. Solve as many geometry problems as possible

Geometry problems are usually more difficult than algebra problems. To overcome your fear of “that terrible geometry” and learn to cope with a variety of problems, you need to solve as many of them as possible.